Yksilöllinen vaihtelu kuikkien (Gavia arctica) reviirihuudoissa

Kuikkien (Gavia arctica) kuuluva reviirihuuto on tunnetuimpia luonnonääniä pohjoisilla alueilla. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, voidaanko koiraskuikkia tunnistaa yksilöllisesti huudon perusteella. Vuosina 2018–2021 äänitettiin 19 urospuolisen kuikan reviirihuuto, 10 niistä 2–4 peräkkäisenä vuotena ja yhdeksän yhtenä vuotena. Äänitykset tehtiin samalla järvialueella Suomessa. Huuto koostuu yhdestä johdanto-osasta ja yhdestä tai useammasta toisto-osasta. Johdanto-osan ja ensimmäisen toisto-osan spektrogrammeista mitattiin 17 eri parametriä. Nämä koostuivat spektrogrammin eri osien taajuuksista ja kestoista. Valitut parametrit analysoitiin tilastollisesti. Erotteluanalyysiä käytettiin tutkittaessa kuikkayksilöiden yksilöllistä tunnistamista reviirihuutojen (n = 297) spektrianalyysin perusteella eri reviireillä (n = 19). Analyysit osoittivat, että käytettäessä 14 muuttujaa ja ristiinvalidointia, pystyttiin reviirit luokittelemaan huudon perusteella lähes 98 prosenttisesti oikein. Tämä viittaa siihen, että samat yksilöt puolustavat reviiriään vuodesta toiseen.The intention of the study was to determine whether male Black-throated Divers (Gavia arctica) can be distinguished individually by their vocalization. The songs of 19 male Black-throated Divers (BTDs) were recorded in their territories in the same lake area in 2018–2021 in Finland. The songs were recorded in one year in nine territories and in 2–4 consecutive years in ten territories. The song consists of one introductory phrase and one or more repeat phrases. Seventeen variables were measured from the spectrograms of the introductory phrase and the first repeat phrase. These variables included the frequencies and duration of different parts of the spectrogram. The discriminant analyses were used to examine the recognition of individual BTDs based on the spectral analysis of the male yodels (n = 297) in different territories (n = 19). The discriminant analysis showed that when using 14 of the variables of the yodels, the discriminant analysis classified the yodels to correct territories at a rate of almost 98% based on the cross-validation of all data. This suggests that the same individuals defend their territory from year to year.Peer reviewe

Predictable allele frequency changes due to habitat fragmentation in the Glanville fritillary butterfly

Describing the evolutionary dynamics of now extinct populations is challenging, as their genetic composition before extinction is generally unknown. The Glanville fritillary butterfly has a large extant metapopulation in the Åland Islands in Finland, but declined to extinction in the nearby fragmented southwestern (SW) Finnish archipelago in the 20th century. We genotyped museum samples for 222 SNPs across the genome, including SNPs from candidate genes and neutral regions. SW Finnish populations had significantly reduced genetic diversity before extinction, and their allele frequencies gradually diverged from those in contemporary Åland populations over 80 y. We identified 15 outlier loci among candidate SNPs, mostly related to flight, in which allele frequencies have changed more than the neutral expectation. At outlier loci, allele frequencies in SW Finland shifted in the same direction as newly established populations deviated from old local populations in contemporary Åland. Moreover, outlier allele frequencies in SW Finland resemble those in fragmented landscapes as opposed to continuous landscapes in the Baltic region. These results indicate selection for genotypes associated with good colonization capacity in the highly fragmented landscape before the extinction of the populations. Evolutionary response to habitat fragmentation may have enhanced the viability of the populations, but it did not save the species from regional extinction in the face of severe habitat loss and fragmentation. These results highlight a potentially common situation in changing environments: evolutionary changes are not strong enough to fully compensate for the direct adverse effects of environmental change and thereby rescue populations from extinction.Peer reviewe

Kalastuksen olosuhdekatsaus 2019

Kalastuksen olosuhdekatsauksen laatiminen on rahoitettu osittain Euroopan meri-ja kalatalousrahaston (EMKR) avustuksella. Katsaus tuottaa tietoa EMKR:n Suomen toimintaohjelmanarviointia ja ennakointia varten

Kalastuksen olosuhdekatsaus 2016

Luken kirjat, raportit, oppaat ja esitteet. PowerPoin

Kalastuksen olosuhdekatsaus 2015

201

Adherence to risk-assessment protocols to guide computed tomography pulmonary angiography in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism

AimsThe use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in the detection of pulmonary embolism (PE) has considerably increased due developing technology and better availability of imaging. The underuse of pre-test probability scores and overuse of CTPA has been previously reported. We sought to investigate the indications for CTPA at a University Hospital emergency clinic and seek for factors eliciting the potential overuse of CTPA.Methods and resultsAltogether 1001 patients were retrospectively collected and analysed from the medical records using a structured case report form. PE was diagnosed in 222/1001 (22.2%) of patients. Patients with PE had more often prior PE/deep vein thrombosis, bleeding/thrombotic diathesis and less often asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, or decompensated heart failure. Patients were divided into three groups based on Wells PE risk-stratification score and two groups based on the revised Geneva score. A total of 9/382 (2.4%), 166/527 (31.5%), and 47/92 (52.2%) patients had PE in the CTPA in the low, intermediate, and high pre-test likelihood groups according to Wells score, and 200/955 (20.9%) and 22/46 (47.8%) patients had PE in the CTPA in the low-intermediate and the high pre-test likelihood groups according to the revised Geneva score, respectively. D-dimer was only measured from 568/909 (62.5%) and 597/955 (62.5%) patients who were either in the low or the intermediate-risk group according to Wells score and the revised Geneva score. Noteworthy, 105/1001 (10.5%) and 107/1001 (10.7%) of the CTPAs were inappropriately ordered according to the Wells score and the revised Geneva score. Altogether 168/1001 (16.8%) could theoretically be avoided.ConclusionsThis study highlights scant utilization of guideline-recommended risk-stratification tools in CTPA use at the emergency department.</p

SNP Design from 454 Sequencing of Podosphaera plantaginis Transcriptome Reveals a Genetically Diverse Pathogen Metapopulation with High Levels of Mixed-Genotype Infection

Peer reviewe

Folate Receptor β Targeted PET Imaging of Macrophages in Autoimmune Myocarditis

Rationale: Currently available imaging techniques have limited specificity for the detection of active myocardial inflammation. Aluminum fluoride-18-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N′,N″-triacetic acid conjugated folate (18F-FOL) is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer targeting folate receptor β (FR-β) that is expressed on activated macrophages at sites of inflammation. We evaluated 18F-FOL PET for the detection of myocardial inflammation in rats with autoimmune myocarditis and studied expression of FR-β in human cardiac sarcoidosis specimens. Methods: Myocarditis was induced by immunizing rats (n = 18) with porcine cardiac myosin in complete Freund’s adjuvant. Control rats (n = 6) were injected with Freund’s adjuvant alone. 18F-FOL was intravenously injected followed by imaging with a small animal PET/computed tomography (CT) scanner and autoradiography. Contrast-enhanced high-resolution CT or 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) PET images were used for co-registration. Rat tissue sections and myocardial autopsy samples of 6 patients with cardiac sarcoidosis were studied for macrophages and FR-β. Results: The myocardium of 10 out of 18 immunized rats showed focal macrophage-rich inflammatory lesions with FR-β expression occurring mainly in M1-polarized macrophages. PET images showed focal myocardial 18F-FOL uptake co-localizing with inflammatory lesions (SUVmean, 2.1 ± 1.1), whereas uptake in the remote myocardium of immunized rats and controls was low (SUVmean, 0.4 ± 0.2 and 0.4 ± 0.1, respectively; P </p

Kalastuksen olosuhdekatsaus 2018

Kalastuksen olosuhdekatsauksen laatiminen on rahoitettu osittain Euroopan meri- ja kalatalousrahaston (EMKR) avustuksella. Katsaus tuottaa tietoa EMKR:n Suomen toimintaohjelmanarviointia ja ennakointia varten