Aaron Spell Medical Receipt, 1842 1843

Itemized medical receipt for treatment and medicine provided to the Aaron Spell family and a slave by Dr. W. T. (William T.) LeGrand between 22 July 1842 and April 1843.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/mss-spell-papers/1026/thumbnail.jp

Se taire, nier ou s'excuser : comment répondre à un appel au boycott ?

This study deals with the process underlying the impact of three crisis communication strategies - silence, deny and apology - identified in the literature, on boycott intent and buying intent. The case investigated is a boycott request concerning the use of chemical products on meat sold by a supermarket. Results show that depending the target, the firm should deny or apology and that silence is an underperforming strategy.Cette étude propose de considérer le processus par lequel trois stratégies de communication de crise - l'absence de réponse, le démenti, et les excuses - modifient l'intention de boycott et de réachat. Le terrain retenu est celui d'un appel au boycott dénonçant l'utilisation de traitements chimiques de la viande vendue en grande distribution. Les résultats montrent, qu'en fonction de la cible, l'entreprise a intérêt à démentir ou à s'excuser, mais que le silence n'est jamais recommandé

Résoudre ou atténuer le problème en cas de crise ?

International audienceCrisis communication theories compared most of the time the efficiency of extreme strategies aiming at solve the issue: deny or apology strategies. However, others middle strategies aiming at soften the crisis have been identified. This communication deals with the compared impact of both of them: an evasion of responsibility strategy (provocation) and a reducing offensiveness strategy (bolstering). The evasion of responsibility is the only one strategy able to challenge deny, and only as far as it may concerns the boycott intent.Les recherches sur les stratégies de communication en réponse à une crise ont le plus souvent comparé l'efficacité de stratégies extrêmes visant à résoudre le problème : les stratégies de type " déni " et de type " rédemption ". Pourtant, la littérature identifie des stratégies intermédiaires visant à atténuer la crise. Cette communication s'attache donc à comparer l'impact de deux d'entre elles : une stratégie de déresponsabilisation (justification par la généralisation de la pratique aux concurrents) et une stratégie de minimisation des conséquences (renforcement : mise en avant des côtés positifs de la pratique). Seule la stratégie de minimisation des conséquences est plus efficace que le déni, et ce uniquement pour diminuer l'intention de boycott

EFFECTS OF EXERCISES INTENSITY ON FACIAL HEAT DISTRIBUTION IN MALE SUBJECTS AND RELATIONSHIP WITH FEELING SCALE

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of exercises intensity on facial thermoregulation and to evaluate the relationships between changes in men’s facial temperature and changes in affect that occur during muscular exercise. Moreover, a special attention has been paid on the possible relationship between the skin facial temperature and the heart rate of subjects. Fifty-four male performed a 12 min long session of aerobic exercise at moderate-to-high intensity. IR cartographies were performed using an IR camera. Pleasure and displeasure levels were assessed repeatedly over the exercise session

Electrical signature of individual magnetic skyrmions in multilayered systems

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected whirling spin textures that can be stabilized in magnetic materials in which a chiral interaction is present. Their limited size together with their robustness against the external perturbations promote them as the ultimate magnetic storage bit in a novel generation of memory and logic devices. Despite many examples of the signature of magnetic skyrmions in the electrical signal, only low temperature measurements, mainly in magnetic materials with B20 crystal structure, have demonstrated the skyrmions contribution to the electrical transport properties. Using the combination of Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) and Hall resistivity measurements, we demonstrate the electrical detection of sub-100 nm skyrmions in multilayered thin film at room temperature (RT). We furthermore analyse the room temperature Hall signal of a single skyrmion which contribution is mainly dominated by anomalous Hall effect.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Coherent Sub-Nanosecond Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by the Field-like Spin-Orbit Torque without an External Magnetic Field

We theoretically study the influence of a predominant field-like spin-orbit torque on the magnetization switching of small devices with a uniform magnetization. We show that for a certain range of ratios (0.23-0.55) of the Slonczewski to the field-like torques, it is possible to deterministically switch the magnetization without requiring any external assist field. A precise control of the pulse length is not necessary, but the pulse edge sharpness is critical. The proposed switching scheme is numerically verified to be effective in devices by micromagnetic simulations. Switching without any external assist field is of great interest for the application of spin-orbit torques to magnetic memories

Hybrid chiral domain walls and skyrmions in magnetic multilayers

Noncollinear spin textures in ferromagnetic ultrathin films are currently the subject of renewed interest since the discovery of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). This antisymmetric exchange interaction selects a given chirality for the spin textures and allows stabilising configurations with nontrivial topology. Moreover, it has many crucial consequences on the dynamical properties of these topological structures, including chiral domain walls (DWs) and magnetic skyrmions. In the recent years the study of noncollinear spin textures has been extended from single ultrathin layers to magnetic multilayers with broken inversion symmetry. This extension of the structures in the vertical dimension allows very efficient current-induced motion and room-temperature stability for both N\'eel DWs and skyrmions. Here we show how in such multilayered systems the interlayer interactions can actually lead to more complex, hybrid chiral magnetisation arrangements. The described thickness-dependent reorientation of DWs is experimentally confirmed by studying demagnetised multilayers through circular dichroism in x-ray resonant magnetic scattering. We also demonstrate a simple yet reliable method for determining the magnitude of the DMI from static domains measurements even in the presence of these hybrid chiral structures, by taking into account the actual profile of the DWs. The advent of these novel hybrid chiral textures has far-reaching implications on how to stabilise and manipulate DWs as well as skymionic structures in magnetic multilayers.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure

Creating salsa, claiming salsa: Identity, location, and authenticity in global popular music

Although Latin American ethnomusicological scholarship in the last twenty years has addressed much of the Caribbean, particularly Cuba, the popular genre salsa has often been treated as a side project of scholars with other specialties. Much of previous Latin American scholarship has favored nation-based, particularly folkloric, genres, while current trends have largely moved toward either re-engaging nation-based scholarship within postmodern critical contexts or addressing reggaeton as part of the scholarly fascination with global hip-hop culture. Salsa, which has always been created, contested, and claimed. through transnational/global routes, has therefore often been marginalized through its continued association with Latin American musical contexts, particularly through nation-based lenses. Instead, salsa benefits from treatment as a postmodern, global popular music: disseminated throughout varied regional centers, guided by modem capitalist maneuvers, and claimed by diverse groups with different sociocultural purposes, meanings, and practices. In particular, the development of salsa involved a polyphonic interplay of identity, memory, and location as it traveled first between the U.S. and the Caribbean, later throughout the world. As a result, discourses of authenticity often act to mediate the meanings and reception of salsa within sociocultural spheres of influence. The focus of this research project, then, is to investigate and engage emergent subtexts of authenticity historically present in the creation of salsa, highlighting varied negotiations of identity situated among salsa\u27s multiple discourses of race, class, culture, and place

DYNAMICS OF CURRENT-INDUCED SWITCHING IN SPIN-ORBIT TORQUE MAGNETIC DEVICES

Master'sMASTER OF ENGINEERIN

Optimal design of nanomagnets for on-chip field gradients

The generation of localized magnetic field gradients by on-chip nanomagnets is important for a variety of technological applications, in particular for spin qubits. To advance beyond the empirical design of these nanomagnets, we propose a systematic and general approach based on the micromagnetic formulation of an optimal field gradient source. We study the different field configurations that can be realized and find out quantitatively the most suitable ferromagnetic layer geometries. Using micromagnetic simulations, we then investigate the minimum requirements for reaching magnetic saturation in these nanomagnets. In terms of either longitudinal or transverse field gradient, the results provide an optimal solution for uniform, saturated nanomagnets, where the magnetic material can be selected according to the strength of the external fields that can be used.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, supplemental material. All comments most welcom