Ftir synchrotron spectroscopy of the asymmetric C-H stretching bands of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) – a perplexity of perturbations

The infrared Fourier transform spectrum of the asymmetric C-H stretching bands of CH$_{3}$SH has been recorded in the 2950-3100 cm$^{-1}$ region at Doppler limited resolution using synchrotron radiation at the FIR beamline of the Canadian Light Source in Saskatoon. Assignment of numerous torsion-rotation sub-bands for the asymmetric stretches has revealed a surprising pseudo-symmetric behavior, in which each band is seen in only one of the two possible $\Delta$K selection rules. The upper states of the two asymmetric stretching vibrational bands thus appear to behave more like $\it{l}$ = $\pm$ 1 components of a degenerate E state of a symmetric top rather than distinct vibrational states. The two components are separated by about 1.5 cm$^{-1}$ at K = 0, and then diverge linearly at higher K with torsional oscillation amplitude similar to that of the ground state of about 1.3 cm$^{-1}$. The divergence is consistent with an a-type Coriolis splitting picture with an effective Coriolis constant $\zeta$ $\approx$ 0.075

Synchrotron spectroscopy and torsional structure of the csh-bending and ch3-rocking bands of methyl mercaptan

The Fourier transform spectra of the CSH-bending and CH$_{3}$-rocking infrared bands of CH$_{3}$SH have been investigated at 0.001 cm$^{-1}$ resolution employing synchrotron radiation at the Canadian Light Source in Saskatoon. The relative band strengths and structures are remarkably different from those for the analogous CH$_{3}$OH relative, with the CSH bend being very weak and both the in-plane and out-of-plane CH$_{3}$ rocks being strong with comparable intensities. The CSH bend, centered at 801.5 cm$^{-1}$, has parallel $a$-type character with no detectable $b$-type component. The out-of-plane CH$_{3}$ rock at 957.0 cm$^{-1}$ is a purely $c$-type perpendicular band, whereas the in-plane rock around 1074 cm$^{-1}$ is of mixed $a$/$b$ character. The $K$-reduced $v_{t}$ = 0 sub-state origins for the CSH bend follow the normal oscillatory torsional pattern as a function of $K$ with an amplitude of 0.362 cm$^{-1}$, as compared to 0.653 cm$^{-1}$ for the ground state and 0.801 cm$^{-1}$ for the C-S stretching mode. The torsional energy curves for the out-of-plane rock are also well-behaved but are inverted, with an amplitude of 1.33 cm$^{-1}$. In contrast, the sub-state origins for the in-plane rock do not display a clear oscillatory structure but are scattered over a range of about 2 cm$^{-1}$, with indications of some significant perturbations. The assignments for the three bands all extend up to about $K$ = 10 and are well-determined from GSCD relations, particularly for the $a$/$b$ in-plane rock for which $\Delta$$K$ = 0, +1 and $-$1 transitions are all observed

FTIR SYNCHROTRON SPECTROSCOPY OF THE LOWER MODES OF METHYL-D3 MERCAPTAN (CD3SH) – WHERE IS THE C-S STRETCH?

The infrared Fourier transform spectrum of the lower vibrational modes of CD$_{3}$SH has been recorded in the 400-1200 cm$^{-1}$ region using synchrotron radiation at the FIR beamline of the Canadian Light Source in Saskatoon. Torsion-rotation assignments have been made for a relatively strong parallel band centered at 644 cm$^{-1}$ and a weaker perpendicular band centered at 727 cm$^{-1}$. Comparison with the spectra for the normal CH$_{3}$SH species as well as the analogous CD$_{3}$OH and CH$_{3}$OH methanol molecules would suggest an obvious association of the 644 cm$^{-1}$ band with the C-S stretching mode, with the 727 cm$^{-1}$ mode likely to be the out-of-plane methyl rock. However, a previous vibrational normal mode analysis [Byler and Gerasimowicz, J. Mol. Struct. 112 (1984) 207-219] showed strong coupling between the C-S stretch and CSH bending modes. They assign the 644 cm$^{-1}$ band to the latter, and attribute the C-S stretch instead to a feature at 688 cm$^{-1}$ that we find no clear evidence for in our spectrum. For normal CH$_{3}$SH, the CSH bend is very weak and lies between the strong C-S stretch and CH$_{3}$-rocking bands. A Gaussian quantum chemistry calculation of the vibrational frequencies and transition moments was carried out, and indeed there is a mode predicted to lie in between our two observed bands with almost vanishing intensity and a reduced mass and effective force constant corresponding closely to those calculated for the C-S stretch of normal CH$_{3}$SH. This apparent dramatic extinction of the normally very strong C-S stretching band is quite remarkable

Prospects for high-resolution microwave spectroscopy of methanol in a Stark-deflected molecular beam

Recently, the extremely sensitive torsion-rotation transitions in methanol have been used to set a tight constraint on a possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio over cosmological time scales. In order to improve this constraint, laboratory data of increased accuracy will be required. Here, we explore the possibility for performing high-resolution spectroscopy on methanol in a Stark-deflected molecular beam. We have calculated the Stark shift of the lower rotational levels in the ground torsion-vibrational state of CH3OH and CD3OH molecules, and have used this to simulate trajectories through a typical molecular beam resonance setup. Furthermore, we have determined the efficiency of non-resonant multi-photon ionization of methanol molecules using a femtosecond laser pulse. The described setup is in principle suited to measure microwave transitions in CH3OH at an accuracy below 10^{-8}

Protein-calorie deficiency disease in St. Lucia and the effects of preventive measures on the mortality of infants and young children

Abstract Not Provided

FIR SYNCHROTRON SPECTROSCOPY OF HIGH TORSIONAL LEVELS OF CD3OH: THE TAU OF METHANOL

Sub-bands involving high torsional levels of the CD$_3$OH isotopologue of methanol have been analyzed in Fourier transform spectra recorded at the Far-Infrared beamline of the Canadian Light Source synchrotron in Saskatoon. Energy term values for $A$ and $E$ torsional species of the third excited torsional state, v$_t$ = 3, are now almost complete up to rotational levels $K$ = 15, and thirteen substates have so far been identified for v$_t$ = 4. The spectra show interesting close groupings of high-v$_t$ sub-bands related by Dennison�s torsional symmetry label $tau$, rather than $A$ and $E$, that can be understood in terms of a simple and universal free-rotor �spectral predictor� chart. Transitions between states on the same free rotor curve have torsional overlap matrix elements close to unity, so give rise to strong sub-bands providing radiative routes for rapid population transfer through the high torsional manifold. Where the energy curves for the v$_t$ = 3 and 4 ground-state torsional levels pass through the excited vibrational states, strong resonances can occur and a number of anharmonic and Coriolis interactions have been detected through perturbations to the spectra and appearance of forbidden transitions due to strong mixing and intensity borrowing

Search for CP Violation in the Decay Z -> b (b bar) g

About three million hadronic decays of the Z collected by ALEPH in the years 1991-1994 are used to search for anomalous CP violation beyond the Standard Model in the decay Z -> b \bar{b} g. The study is performed by analyzing angular correlations between the two quarks and the gluon in three-jet events and by measuring the differential two-jet rate. No signal of CP violation is found. For the combinations of anomalous CP violating couplings, ${\hat{h}}_b = {\hat{h}}_{Ab}g_{Vb}-{\hat{h}}_{Vb}g_{Ab}$ and $h^{\ast}_b = \sqrt{\hat{h}_{Vb}^{2}+\hat{h}_{Ab}^{2}}$, limits of \hat{h}_b < 0.59$and$h^{\ast}_{b} < 3.02$ are given at 95\% CL.Comment: 8 pages, 1 postscript figure, uses here.sty, epsfig.st

Re-examination of the Controversial Coexistence of Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Misdiagnosis and Self-Report Measures

The coexistence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains a controversial issue in the literature. To address this controversy, we focused primarily on the civilian-related literature of TBI and PTSD. Some investigators have argued that individuals who had been rendered unconscious or suffered amnesia due to a TBI are unable to develop PTSD because they would be unable to consciously experience the symptoms of fear, helplessness, and horror associated with the development of PTSD. Other investigators have reported that individuals who sustain TBI, regardless of its severity, can develop PTSD even in the context of prolonged unconsciousness. A careful review of the methodologies employed in these studies reveals that investigators who relied on clinical interviews of TBI patients to diagnose PTSD found little or no evidence of PTSD. In contrast, investigators who relied on PTSD questionnaires to diagnose PTSD found considerable evidence of PTSD. Further analysis revealed that many of the TBI patients who were initially diagnosed with PTSD according to self-report questionnaires did not meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD upon completion of a clinical interview. In particular, patients with severe TBI were often misdiagnosed with PTSD. A number of investigators found that many of the severe TBI patients failed to follow the questionnaire instructions and erroneously endorsed PTSD symptoms because of their cognitive difficulties. Because PTSD questionnaires are not designed to discriminate between PTSD and TBI symptoms or determine whether a patient's responses are accurate or exaggerated, studies that rely on self-report questionnaires to evaluate PTSD in TBI patients are at risk of misdiagnosing PTSD. Further research should evaluate the degree to which misdiagnosis of PTSD occurs in individuals who have sustained mild TBI

Investigating the genetic architecture of dementia with Lewy bodies: a two-stage genome-wide association study

Background Dementia with Lewy bodies is the second most common form of dementia in elderly people but has been overshadowed in the research field, partly because of similarities between dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. So far, to our knowledge, no large-scale genetic study of dementia with Lewy bodies has been done. To better understand the genetic basis of dementia with Lewy bodies, we have done a genome-wide association study with the aim of identifying genetic risk factors for this disorder. Methods In this two-stage genome-wide association study, we collected samples from white participants of European ancestry who had been diagnosed with dementia with Lewy bodies according to established clinical or pathological criteria. In the discovery stage (with the case cohort recruited from 22 centres in ten countries and the controls derived from two publicly available database of Genotypes and Phenotypes studies [phs000404.v1.p1 and phs000982.v1.p1] in the USA), we performed genotyping and exploited the recently established Haplotype Reference Consortium panel as the basis for imputation. Pathological samples were ascertained following autopsy in each individual brain bank, whereas clinical samples were collected by clinical teams after clinical examination. There was no specific timeframe for collection of samples. We did association analyses in all participants with dementia with Lewy bodies, and also in only participants with pathological diagnosis. In the replication stage, we performed genotyping of significant and suggestive results from the discovery stage. Lastly, we did a meta-analysis of both stages under a fixed-effects model and used logistic regression to test for association in each stage. Findings This study included 1743 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (1324 with pathological diagnosis) and 4454 controls (1216 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies vs 3791 controls in the discovery stage; 527 vs 663 in the replication stage). Results confirm previously reported associations: APOE (rs429358; odds ratio [OR] 2·40, 95% CI 2·14–2·70; p=1·05 × 10–⁴⁸), SNCA (rs7681440; OR 0·73, 0·66–0·81; p=6·39 × 10–¹⁰), and GBA (rs35749011; OR 2·55, 1·88–3·46; p=1·78 × 10–⁹). They also provide some evidence for a novel candidate locus, namely CNTN1 (rs7314908; OR 1·51, 1·27–1·79; p=2·21 × 10–⁶); further replication will be important. Additionally, we estimate the heritable component of dementia with Lewy bodies to be about 36%. Interpretation Despite the small sample size for a genome-wide association study, and acknowledging the potential biases from ascertaining samples from multiple locations, we present the most comprehensive and well powered genetic study in dementia with Lewy bodies so far. These data show that common genetic variability has a role in the disease

Analysis of C9orf72 repeat expansions in a large international cohort of dementia with Lewy bodies

C9orf72 repeat expansions are a common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. To date, no large-scale study of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has been undertaken to assess the role of C9orf72 repeat expansions in the disease. Here, we investigated the prevalence of C9orf72 repeat expansions in a large cohort of DLB cases and identified no pathogenic repeat expansions in neuropathologically or clinically defined cases, showing that C9orf72 repeat expansions are not causally associated with DLB. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe