Eine Bestandsaufnahme der Fachreferate in den Digital Humanities an universitären wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken in Deutschland

Diese Veröffentlichung geht zurück auf eine Masterarbeit im weiterbildenden Masterstudiengang im Fernstudium Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft (Library and Information Science, M.A. (LIS)) an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin aus dem Jahr 2023.Viele Hochschulbibliotheken in Deutschland unterstützen mittlerweile die Forschung und Lehre in den Digital Humanities. Die jüngsten Fachdiskussionen über den DH-Dienst an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken befassen sich entsprechend intensiv mit den konkreten Inhalten des DH-Dienstes und sprechen sich mehrheitlich dafür aus, den DH-Dienst an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken inhaltlich nah an der Forschung anzusiedeln und nicht lediglich als eine infrastrukturelle Unterstützungsleistung zu begreifen. Die vorliegende Studie prüft anhand von zehn Interviews mit DH-Akteur*innen an 9 verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken in Deutschland, ob und inwiefern das für DH zuständige Personal tatsächlich nah an der DH-Forschung und -Lehre arbeitet. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass alle DH-Fachreferent*innen in dem Sinne forschungsnah beschäftigt sind, dass sie in ihrer Arbeit direkt mit den Belangen der DH-Forschenden zu tun haben und dass sie aufmerksam den aktuellen Entwicklungen in der DH-spezifischen Fachdiskussion folgen, um ihrer Rolle als DH-Fachreferent*innen gerecht zu werden. Der Umfang und die konkreten Inhalte ihrer DH-Dienste weisen allerdings große Unterschiede in Abhängigkeit von der DH-Forschungslandschaft an der jeweiligen Universität und von der organisatorischen Struktur der jeweiligen Bibliothekseinrichtung auf

Conjugated polyelectrolytes: A new class of semiconducting material for organic electronic devices

AbstractThis feature article presents a short review of the recent developments in the synthesis of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) along with their applications in organic optoelectronic devices with particular focus on the molecular structures of CPEs with ionic functionality, synthetic approaches, and their utilization as an interfacial layer. The orthogonal solubility of the CPEs allows the simple preparation of multilayer organic devices by solution casting on top of a nonpolar organic photoactive layer without disturbing the interfaces, showing their effectiveness in tuning the electronic structures at the interfaces for improving the charge carrier transport and resulting device properties. These achievements highlight the dynamic nature of CPEs and their applicability to a wide range of optoelectronic devices

Probabilistic Fatigue Life Updating for Railway Bridges Based on Local Inspection and Repair

Railway bridges are exposed to repeated train loads, which may cause fatigue failure. As critical links in a transportation network, railway bridges are expected to survive for a target period of time, but sometimes they fail earlier than expected. To guarantee the target bridge life, bridge maintenance activities such as local inspection and repair should be undertaken properly. However, this is a challenging task because there are various sources of uncertainty associated with aging bridges, train loads, environmental conditions, and maintenance work. Therefore, to perform optimal risk-based maintenance of railway bridges, it is essential to estimate the probabilistic fatigue life of a railway bridge and update the life information based on the results of local inspections and repair. Recently, a system reliability approach was proposed to evaluate the fatigue failure risk of structural systems and update the prior risk information in various inspection scenarios. However, this approach can handle only a constant-amplitude load and has limitations in considering a cyclic load with varying amplitude levels, which is the major loading pattern generated by train traffic. In addition, it is not feasible to update the prior risk information after bridges are repaired. In this research, the system reliability approach is further developed so that it can handle a varying-amplitude load and update the system-level risk of fatigue failure for railway bridges after inspection and repair. The proposed method is applied to a numerical example of an in-service railway bridge, and the effects of inspection and repair on the probabilistic fatigue life are discussed.ope

Evaluating the Robustness of Trigger Set-Based Watermarks Embedded in Deep Neural Networks

Trigger set-based watermarking schemes have gained emerging attention as they provide a means to prove ownership for deep neural network model owners. In this paper, we argue that state-of-the-art trigger set-based watermarking algorithms do not achieve their designed goal of proving ownership. We posit that this impaired capability stems from two common experimental flaws that the existing research practice has committed when evaluating the robustness of watermarking algorithms: (1) incomplete adversarial evaluation and (2) overlooked adaptive attacks. We conduct a comprehensive adversarial evaluation of 10 representative watermarking schemes against six of the existing attacks and demonstrate that each of these watermarking schemes lacks robustness against at least two attacks. We also propose novel adaptive attacks that harness the adversary's knowledge of the underlying watermarking algorithm of a target model. We demonstrate that the proposed attacks effectively break all of the 10 watermarking schemes, consequently allowing adversaries to obscure the ownership of any watermarked model. We encourage follow-up studies to consider our guidelines when evaluating the robustness of their watermarking schemes via conducting comprehensive adversarial evaluation that include our adaptive attacks to demonstrate a meaningful upper bound of watermark robustness

Respirable Dust Monitoring in Construction Sites and Visualization in Building Information Modeling Using Real-time Sensor Data

Construction activities, involving cutting, drilling, and grinding of materials, often produce toxic respirable dust that can cause fatal diseases and illnesses. To protect workers from breathing excessive amounts of respirable dust at job sites, superintendents should continuously monitor the level of respirable dust in workspaces and make timely interventions for overexposed workers. However, current practices of respirable dust monitoring have critical drawbacks, and superintendents cannot accurately estimate workers’ exposures to respirable dust or make prompt decisions to protect the workers. Therefore, there is a need for real-time air dust monitoring that can be deployed ubiquitously at a construction site and be integrated as part of daily construction management. In this research, we developed a real-time dust monitoring system that comprises a network of low-cost mobile dust sensors and visualization in building information modeling (BIM). Single-board computers and dust sensors were integrated as field deployment units. Inaccurate sensors were calibrated automatically on the basis of an accurate ground truth sensor. A BIM-based visualization system was developed to present the data collected from dust sensors in real time. A prototype system was developed and tested in a controlled environment

Heat dissipation and its relation to thermopower in single-molecule junctions

Motivated by recent experiments [Lee et al. Nature 498, 209 (2013)], we present here a detailed theoretical analysis of the Joule heating in current-carrying single-molecule junctions. By combining the Landauer approach for quantum transport with ab initio calculations, we show how the heating in the electrodes of a molecular junction is determined by its electronic structure. In particular, we show that in general the heat is not equally dissipated in both electrodes of the junction and it depends on the bias polarity (or equivalently on the current direction). These heating asymmetries are intimately related to the thermopower of the junction as both these quantities are governed by very similar principles. We illustrate these ideas by analyzing single-molecule junctions based on benzene derivatives with different anchoring groups. The close relation between heat dissipation and thermopower provides general strategies for exploring fundamental phenomena such as the Peltier effect or the impact of quantum interference effects on the Joule heating of molecular transport junctions.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures, submitted to New Journal of Physic

Optimal decision making in post-hazard bridge recovery strategies for transportation networks after seismic events

In this study, optimal post-hazard bridge recovery strategies were proposed for transportation networks under seismic conditions. To predict the performance of the transportation network, a robust performance measure, total system travel time (TSTT), was employed, and an artificial neural network (ANN)-based surrogate model was developed to enable an accelerated Monte Carlo analysis. In addition, a sensitivity analysis based on the benefit-cost ratio was proposed to support optimal decision making immediately after an earthquake. To demonstrate the proposed methodology, an actual transportation network in South Korea was adopted, and a network map was reconstructed based on geographic information system (GIS) data. A surrogate model for network performance evaluation was constructed using training data generated based on historical earthquake epicenters. In addition, the damage ratio and required recovery days according to the damage states of bridges were employed to perform network recovery analysis. For the numerical analysis, a limited budget was set for each scenario, and the recovery and damage curve were compared with existing priority strategy. The numerical results showed that the priority strategy of bridge restoration determined through the benefit-cost analysis generated a faster recovery curve and significantly reduced the damage, as compared to existing strategy. Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed methodology enables optimal decision making and also helps risk management that can minimize the economic damage

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking of Population between Two Dynamic Attractors in a Driven Atomic Trap: Ising-class Phase Transition

We have observed spontaneous symmetry breaking of atomic populations in the dynamic phase-space double-potential system, which is produced in the parametrically driven magneto-optical trap of atoms. We find that the system exhibits similar characteristics of the Ising-class phase transition and the critical value of the control parameter, which is the total atomic number, can be calculated. In particular, the collective effect of the laser shadow becomes dominant at large atomic number, which is responsible for the population asymmetry of the dynamic two-state system. This study may be useful for investigation of dynamic phase transition and temporal behaviour of critical phenomena.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

IMGD: an integrated platform supporting comparative genomics and phylogenetics of insect mitochondrial genomes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Sequences and organization of the mitochondrial genome have been used as markers to investigate evolutionary history and relationships in many taxonomic groups. The rapidly increasing mitochondrial genome sequences from diverse insects provide ample opportunities to explore various global evolutionary questions in the superclass Hexapoda. To adequately support such questions, it is imperative to establish an informatics platform that facilitates the retrieval and utilization of available mitochondrial genome sequence data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The Insect Mitochondrial Genome Database (IMGD) is a new integrated platform that archives the mitochondrial genome sequences from 25,747 hexapod species, including 112 completely sequenced and 20 nearly completed genomes and 113,985 partially sequenced mitochondrial genomes. The Species-driven User Interface (SUI) of IMGD supports data retrieval and diverse analyses at multi-taxon levels. The Phyloviewer implemented in IMGD provides three methods for drawing phylogenetic trees and displays the resulting trees on the web. The SNP database incorporated to IMGD presents the distribution of SNPs and INDELs in the mitochondrial genomes of multiple isolates within eight species. A newly developed comparative SNU Genome Browser supports the graphical presentation and interactive interface for the identified SNPs/INDELs.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The IMGD provides a solid foundation for the comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenetics of insects. All data and functions described here are available at the web site <url>http://www.imgd.org/</url>.</p