Paternal Psychosocial Characteristics and Corporal Punishment of their 3-Year Old Children

This study uses data from 2,309 biological fathers who participated in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) to examine associations between psychosocial characteristics and levels of corporal punishment (CP) toward their 3-year old children over the past month. Results indicate that 61% of the fathers reported no CP over the past month, 23% reported using CP once or twice, and 16% reported using CP a few times in the past month or more. In multivariate models controlling for important socio-demographic factors as well as characteristics of the child, fathers’ parenting stress, major depression, alcohol use, and drug use were significantly associated with greater use of CP, whereas involvement with the child and generalized anxiety order were not. Girls were less likely to be the recipient of CP than boys, and child externalizing behavior problems but not internalizing behavior problems were associated with more CP.Fragile families, childbearing, nonmarital childbearing, fartherhood, fathers, corporal punishment, behavior problems, stress, depression

Racial Inequality and the Implementation of Emergency Management Laws in Economically Distressed Urban Areas

This study examines the use of emergency management laws as a policy response to fiscal emergencies in urban areas. Focusing on one Midwestern Rust Belt state, we use a mixed methods approach – integrating chronology of legislative history, analysis of Census data, and an ethnographic case study – to examine the dynamics of emer- gency management laws from a social justice perspective. Analysis of Census data showed that emergency man- agement policies disproportionately affected African Americans and poor families. Analysis indicated that in one state, 51% of African American residents and 16.6% of Hispanic or Latinos residents had lived in cities that were under the governance of an emergency manager at some time during 2008–2013, whereas only 2.4% of the White population similarly had lived in cities under emergency management. An ethnographic case study high- lights the mechanisms by which an emergency manager hindered the ability of residents in one urban neighbor- hood, expected to host a large public works project, to obtain a Community Benefits Agreement intended to provide assistance to residents, most of whom were poor families with young children. We conclude with a dis- cussion of how emergency management laws may impact social service practice and policy practice in urban communities, framed from a social justice perspective. We argue that these are not race neutral policies, given clear evidence of race and ethnic disparities in their implementation

Exploring the optimal allostatic load scoring method in women of reproductive age

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the optimal allostatic load scoring method.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of data on women of reproductive age from the 2001-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.MethodsWe created allostatic load summary scores using five scoring methods including the count-based, Z-Score, logistic regression, factor analysis and grade of membership methods. Then, we examined the predictive performance of each allostatic load summary measure in relation to three outcomes: general health status, diabetes and hypertension.ResultsWe found that the allostatic load summary measure by the logistic regression method had the highest predictive validity with respect to the three outcomes. The logistic regression method performed significantly better than the count-based and grade of membership methods for predicting diabetes as well as performed significantly better for predicting hypertension than all of the other methods. But the five scoring methods performed similarly for predicting poor health status.ConclusionWe recommended the logistic regression method when the outcome information is available, otherwise the frequently used simpler count-based method may be a good alternative.ImpactThe study compared different scoring methods and made recommendations for the optimal scoring approach. We found that allostatic load summary measure by the logistic regression method had the strongest predictive validity with respect to general health status, diabetes and hypertension. The study may provide empirical evidence for future research to use the recommended scoring approach to score allostatic load. The allostatic load index may serve as an -early warning- indicator for health risk.ç ®ç è¿ é¡¹ç  ç©¶ç ç ®ç å ¨äº ,ç¡®å® æ ä½³é åº è´ è ·è¯ å æ ¹æ³ ã è®¾è®¡è¿ æ ¯å¯¹2001å¹´è ³2006æ é ´å ¨å ½å ¥åº·å è ¥å »æ£ æ ¥è° æ ¥ä¸­è ²é¾ å¦ å¥³æ °æ ®ç äº æ¬¡å æ ã æ ¹æ³ æ ä»¬ä½¿ç ¨äº äº ç§ è¯ å æ ¹æ³ (å æ ¬å ºäº è®¡æ °æ³ ã Z计å æ³ ã é »è¾ å å½ æ³ ã å  å­ å æ æ³ å é ¶å± åº¦æ ¹æ³ )æ ¥å å»ºäº é åº è´ è ·æ± æ »å æ °ã ç ¶å ,æ ä»¬æ£ æ ¥äº ä¸ ä¸ ä¸ªç» æ ç ¸å ³ç å ç§ é åº è´ è ·æ± æ »æ °å ¼ç é¢ æµ æ §è ½:æ ´ä½ å ¥åº·ç ¶æ ã ç³ å°¿ç å é« è¡ å ã ç» æ æ 们å ç °,é »è¾ å å½ æ³ ç é åº è´ è ·æ± æ »å æ °å¯¹è¿ ä¸ ä¸ªç» æ å ·æ æ é« ç é¢ æµ æ 度ã é »è¾ å å½ æ³ å ¨é¢ æµ ç³ å°¿ç æ ¹é ¢ç è¡¨ç °æ æ ¾ä¼ äº å ºäº è®¡æ °æ³ å é ¶å± åº¦æ ¹æ³ ,å ¨é¢ æµ é« è¡ å æ ¹é ¢ç è¡¨ç °ä¹ æ æ ¾ä¼ äº æ æ å ¶ä» æ ¹æ³ ã ä½ è¿ äº ç§ è¯ å æ ¹æ³ å ¨é¢ æµ ä¸ è ¯å ¥åº·ç ¶æ æ ¹é ¢ç è¡¨ç °ç ¸ä¼¼ã ç» è®ºå½ ç» æ èµ æ å ¯ç ¨æ ¶,æ ä»¬æ ¨è é »è¾ å å½ æ³ ,å ¨å ¶ä» æ ¹é ¢,å¸¸ç ¨ä¸ æ ´ç® å ç å ºäº è®¡æ °æ³ å ¯è ½ä¹ æ ¯ä¸ ä¸ªä¸ é ç é æ ©ã å½±å è¯¥ç  ç©¶æ¯ è¾ äº ä¸ å ç è¯ å æ ¹æ³ ,并æ å ºäº æ ä½³è¯ å æ ¹æ³ ç 建议ã æ 们å ç °ç ¨é »è¾ å å½ æ³ è¿ è¡ ç é åº è´ è ·æ± æ »å æ °å¯¹æ ´ä½ å ¥åº·ç ¶æ ã ç³ å°¿ç å é« è¡ å å ·æ æ 强ç é¢ æµ æ æ æ §ã è¯¥ç  ç©¶å ¯ä»¥ä¸ºä» å ä½¿ç ¨æ ¨è ç è¯ å æ ¹æ³ å¯¹æ æ é åº è´ è ·è¯ å æ ä¾ å® éª æ §è¯ æ ®ã é åº è´ è ·æ æ °å ¯ä»¥ä½ ä¸ºå ¥åº·é£ é ©ç -é¢ è­¦-æ æ  ãPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151983/1/jan14014_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151983/2/jan14014.pd

Profiles of disciplinary behaviors among biological fathers

This study assesses fathers’ discipline of their 3-year-old child. Data are from 1,238 mother and father participants in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Latent class analysis (LCA) of nonaggressive and aggressive behaviors, as reported by moth- ers, indicated four distinct paternal disciplinary profiles: low discipline, low aggression, moderate physical aggression, and high physical and psychological aggression. Serious forms of psychological aggression directed toward the child were uncommon but may identify those fathers most in need of intervention. Use of nonaggressive discipline was high and nearly equivalent among the parenting profiles. However, child aggressive behavior increased as the child’s exposure to paternal aggression increased, even when aggressive discipline was combined with high levels of nonaggressive discipline. Fathers who exhibited more aggression toward their child had higher levels of alcohol use, used more psychological aggression toward the child’s mother, and were more likely to spank their child.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78370/1/Lee-Kim-Taylor-Perron-LCA-onlinefirst.pd

Fathers, physical child abuse, and neglect: Advancing the knowledge base

Fathers are overrepresented as perpetrators of physical child maltreatment, particularly in its most severe forms. Despite this, the research literature continues to lack specificity regarding the role fathers play in risk for physical child abuse or neglect (PCAN). Furthermore, although fathers have received more attention with respect to child sexual abuse and its treatment, their influence has been largely disregarded in many intervention efforts to reduce PCAN. Inadequate attention to the role of fathers, both in research and practice, has numerous problematic implications for the prevention of child maltreatment. The goal of this special issue is to disseminate new research that examines fathers’ roles by focusing on multiple fathering factors that may directly and indirectly shape both maternal and paternal risk of engaging in PCAN. In the introduction to the special issue, we highlight key questions in the research literature and present our perspective on how the articles included in this special issue address some of these gaps.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106173/1/2009-Lee-Bellamy-Guterman-CM-Intro.pd

Identification of genes expressed by immune cells of the colon that are regulated by colorectal cancer-associated variants.

A locus on human chromosome 11q23 tagged by marker rs3802842 was associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in a genome-wide association study; this finding has been replicated in case-control studies worldwide. In order to identify biologic factors at this locus that are related to the etiopathology of CRC, we used microarray-based target selection methods, coupled to next-generation sequencing, to study 103 kb at the 11q23 locus. We genotyped 369 putative variants from 1,030 patients with CRC (cases) and 1,061 individuals without CRC (controls) from the Ontario Familial Colorectal Cancer Registry. Two previously uncharacterized genes, COLCA1 and COLCA2, were found to be co-regulated genes that are transcribed from opposite strands. Expression levels of COLCA1 and COLCA2 transcripts correlate with rs3802842 genotypes. In colon tissues, COLCA1 co-localizes with crystalloid granules of eosinophils and granular organelles of mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells and differentiated myeloid-derived cell lines. COLCA2 is present in the cytoplasm of normal epithelial, immune and other cell lineages, as well as tumor cells. Tissue microarray analysis demonstrates the association of rs3802842 with lymphocyte density in the lamina propria (p = 0.014) and levels of COLCA1 in the lamina propria (p = 0.00016) and COLCA2 (tumor cells, p = 0.0041 and lamina propria, p = 6 × 10(-5)). In conclusion, genetic, expression and immunohistochemical data implicate COLCA1 and COLCA2 in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Histologic analyses indicate the involvement of immune pathways

Core Domain Set Selection According to OMERACT Filter 2.1: The OMERACT Methodology

Objective: To describe the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Filter 2.1 methodology for core domain set selection. Methods: The “OMERACT Way for Core Domain Set selection” framework consists of 3 stages: first, generating candidate domains through literature reviews and qualitative work, then a process of consensus to obtain agreement from those involved, and finally formal voting on the OMERACT Onion. The OMERACT Onion describes the placement of domains in layers/circles: mandatory in all trials/mandatory in specific circumstances (inner circle); important but optional (middle circle); or research agenda (outer circle). Five OMERACT working groups presented their core domain sets for endorsement by the OMERACT community. Tools including a workbook and whiteboard video were created to assist the process. The methods workshop at OMERACT 2018 introduced participants to this framework. Results: The 5 OMERACT working groups achieved consensus on their proposed core domain sets. After the Methodology Workshop training exercise at OMERACT 2018, over 90% of participants voted that they were confident that they understood the process of core domain set selection. Conclusion: The methods described in this paper were successfully used by the 5 working groups voting on domains at the OMERACT 2018 meeting, demonstrating the feasibility of the process. In addition, participants at OMERACT 2018 expressed increased confidence and understanding of the core domain set selection process after the training exercise. This methodology will continue to evolve, and we will use innovative technology such as whiteboard videos as a key part of our dissemination and implementation strategy for new methods

Instrument Selection Using the OMERACT Filter 2.1: The OMERACT Methodology.

Objective: Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Filter 2.1 revised the process used for core outcome measurement set selection to add rigour and transparency in decision making. This paper describes OMERACT’s methodology for instrument selection. Methods: We presented instrument selection processes, tools, and reporting templates at OMERACT 2018, introducing the concept of “3 pillars, 4 questions, 7 measurement properties, 1 answer”. Truth, Discrimination and Feasibility are the three original OMERACT pillars. Based on these, we developed four signaling questions. We introduced the Summary of Measurement Properties (SOMP) table which summarizes the seven measurement properties: Truth (domain match, construct validity), Discrimination (test-retest reliability, longitudinal construct validity (responsiveness), clinical trial discrimination, thresholds of meaning), and Feasibility. These properties address a set of standards which, when met, answer the one question: Is there enough evidence to support the use of this instrument in clinical research of the benefits and harms of treatments in the population and study setting described? The OMERACT Filter 2.1 was piloted on two instruments by the Psoriatic Arthritis Working Group Results: The methodology was reviewed in a full plenary session and facilitated breakout groups. Tools to facilitate retention of the process (i.e., “The OMERACT Way”) were provided. The two instruments were presented and the recommendation of the working group was endorsed in the first OMERACT Filter 2.1 Instrument Selection votes. Conclusion: Instrument Selection using OMERACT Filter 2.1 is feasible and is now being implemented

Paternal Psychosocial Characteristics and Corporal Punishment of Their 3-Year-Old Children

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78038/1/52.pd