Analysis of a Valueâ Based Design Benefit for Rehabilitation Therapies

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147227/1/pmr2s313a.pd

Limits to reproduction and seed size-number tradeoffs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential

Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

International audienceThe relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in dermatology - what's new?

Poniższa praca prezentuje przegląd piśmiennictwa dotyczącego wskazań do leczenia fotodynamicznego w chorobach nowotworowych skóry, jak i prace prezentujące nowe możliwości zastosowania PDT także w nienowotworowych chorobach skóry. Udowodnione jest skuteczne leczenie z zastosowaniem terapii fotodynamicznej takich schorzeń, jak raki podstawnokomórkowe, choroba Bowena, rogowacenie słoneczne, powierzchowny rak kolczystokomórkowy, przerzuty raka piersi do skóry, ziarniniak grzybiasty oraz łuszczyca. Wykazano także, iż PDT z miejscową aplikacją kwasu 5-delta-aminolewulinowego (ALA) jest skuteczne w leczeniu epidermodysplazji brodawczakowatej, chorobie Dariera oraz w schorzeniach mikrobiologicznych, np. w kandidiazie. Nowym kierunkiem rozwoju PDT są wskazania kosmetyczne (odmładzanie skóry światłem). Wszystkie te wskazania związane są z selektywnym, bezpiecznym i skutecznym działaniem terapii fotodynamicznej.The study presents main medical indications of photodynamic therapy in skin neoplasm and new directions in the other, nonmalignant skin diseases. In dermatology PDT has been proven to be effective in the treatment of basal cell carcinomas (BCC), Bowen's disease, actinic keratoses, superficial squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), metastatic breast cancer, mycosis fungoides and psoriasis. It was also demonstrated that PDT with topical application of d-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) can selectively photosensitize other skin lesions, i.e.: epidermodysplasia verruciformis and affected skin areas in Darier's disease and microbiological infections (candidiasis). New approach of PDT is connected with cosmetic indication- photo-rejuvenation. These whole indications are connected with selective, safety and effective properties of PDT