Performance and carcass traits of Nellore and Red Norte steers finished in feedlot Desempenho e características de carcaça de novilhos das raças Nelore e Red Norte terminados em confinamento

The objective of this work was to evaluate average daily gain (ADG) and carcass traits in Nellore and Red Norte steers, finished in feedlots and to evaluate performance predictions by using the systems BR-CORTE, CNCPS 5.0 and NRC (2000). It was used 41 steers: 19 Nelore animals with initial body weight of 361 ± 31 kg and 22 Red Norte animals with initial body weight of 367 ± 30 kg. Adaptation period lasted 28 days. Animal performance evaluation was composed of three 28 day period, totaling 84 days. At the end of each period, animals were weighed after a 16-hour feeding fast. Average gain weight of Red Norte steers was greater than Nellore breed animals (1.43 vs. 1.81 kg/day, respectively). Red Norte animals also presented greater loin eye area (75.41 cm² vs. 68.67 cm²). It was not observed any differences on subcutaneous fat thickness and on rump fat among the genetic groups. None of the nutritional requirement system evaluated were efficient in predicting animal performance. For Nellore breed, daily average gain observed was 1.53kg/day, with values of 1.53, 1.70 and 1.82 kg/day predicted by NRC, CNCPS and BR-CORTE systems. Although average values and predicted by NRC were similar, according to the regression equation, intercept and inclination were different from zero and one. For Red Norte breed, performance observed was 1.88 kg/day with values of 1.50, 1.66 and 1.72 predicted by the systems NRC, CNCPS and BR-CORTE, probably because database of those systems is based mainly on results obtained from Angus bovines.<br>Objetivou-se avaliar o ganho médio diário (GMD) e as características de carcaça em novilhos das raças Nelore e Red Norte, não-castrados, terminados em confinamento e avaliar as predições do desempenho pelos sistemas CNCPS 5.0, NRC (2000) e BR-CORTE. Utilizaram-se 41 novilhos: 19 do grupo Nelore com peso vivo inicial de 361 ± 31 kg e 22 do grupo Red Norte com peso vivo inicial de 367 ± 30 kg. O período de adaptação teve duração de 28 dias. A avaliação do desempenho animal foi composta de três períodos de 28 dias, totalizando 84 dias. Ao final de cada período, realizou-se a pesagem dos animais após jejum alimentar de 16 horas. Na raça Red Norte, o ganho médio diário foi superior ao da raça Nelore (1,81 vs. 1,43 kg/dia). Os animais da raça Red Norte apresentaram também maior área de olho-de-lombo (75,41 cm² vs. 68,67 cm²). Não foi observada diferença nas espessuras de gordura subcutânea e de gordura na garupa entre os grupos genéticos. Nenhum dos sistemas de exigências nutricionais avaliados foram eficientes para a predição do desempenho animal. Na raça Nelore, o ganho médio diário observado foi de 1,53 kg/dia, com valores preditos de 1,53; 1,70 e 1,82 kg/dia pelos sistemas NRC, CNCPS e BR-CORTE. Apesar de os valores médio e preditos pelo sistema NRC terem sido semelhantes, de acordo com a equação de regressão, o intercepto e a inclinação foram diferentes de zero e um. Na raça Red Norte, o desempenho observado foi de 1,88 kg/dia com valores preditos de 1,50; 1,66 e 1,72 kg/dia pelos sistemas NRC, CNCPS e BR-CORTE, provavelmente porque o banco de dados desses sistemas é baseado principalmente em resultados obtidos em bovinos Angus

Vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events

Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND: Thrombin potently activates platelets through the protease-activated receptor PAR-1. Vorapaxar is a novel antiplatelet agent that selectively inhibits the cellular actions of thrombin through antagonism of PAR-1. METHODS: We randomly assigned 26,449 patients who had a history of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or peripheral arterial disease to receive vorapaxar (2.5 mg daily) or matching placebo and followed them for a median of 30 months. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke. After 2 years, the data and safety monitoring board recommended discontinuation of the study treatment in patients with a history of stroke owing to the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. RESULTS: At 3 years, the primary end point had occurred in 1028 patients (9.3%) in the vorapaxar group and in 1176 patients (10.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio for the vorapaxar group, 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 0.94; P<0.001). Cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or recurrent ischemia leading to revascularization occurred in 1259 patients (11.2%) in the vorapaxar group and 1417 patients (12.4%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.95; P=0.001). Moderate or severe bleeding occurred in 4.2% of patients who received vorapaxar and 2.5% of those who received placebo (hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.43 to 1.93; P<0.001). There was an increase in the rate of intracranial hemorrhage in the vorapaxar group (1.0%, vs. 0.5% in the placebo group; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of PAR-1 with vorapaxar reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or ischemic events in patients with stable atherosclerosis who were receiving standard therapy. However, it increased the risk of moderate or severe bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage. (Funded by Merck; TRA 2P-TIMI 50 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00526474.)