Another and Hopefully Final Look at the Property--Personal Liberty Distinction of Section 1343(3)

Recent years have witnessed increasing confusion and uncertainty over the proper scope of section 1343(3) of Title 28 of the United States Code, the jurisdictional counterpart of section 1983 of Title 42. Both provisions originated in the Civil Rights Act of 1871. Section 1983 creates a cause of action to redress the deprivation, under color of state law, of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution or laws. Section 1343(3) grants to the federal district courts original jurisdiction, irrespective of amount in controversy, over any civil action authorized by law that is commenced by any person: To redress the deprivation, under color of any state law, statute, ordinance, regulation,custom or usage, of any right, privilege, or immunity secured by the Constitution of the United States or by any Act of Congress providing for equal rights of citizens or of all persons within the jurisdiction of the United States. \u27 The confusion, both past and present, has centered around the problem of determining to what extent, if any, section 1343(3) should be governed by the judicial gloss it received in Hague v. CIO. In that landmark Supreme Court decision, Justice Stone, in his concurring opinion, concluded that this jurisdictional section applied only when the right or immunity is one of personal liberty, not dependent for its existence upon the infringement of property rights..

Comparison of Aerated and Non Aerated Cultures for Nitrogen Fixation Studies by Soils

In any good system of soil management the farmer has two natural ways of maintaining the nitrogen supply in the soil; (1) by the proper growth and use of inoculated legumes; and (2) by encouraging the development of the non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing microorganisms in the soil. Altho the first method is probably the more important especially in those regions where legumes are commonly grown, undoubtedly many farmers have unconsciously practised the second method. It has been definitely shown that even where legumes are not grown the nitrogen balance in the soil is automatically cared for, to some extent at least, by microorganisms which are capable of fixing large amounts of nitrogen from the air without the aid of a host plant. The exact relation of this process of non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation to soil fertility is an interesting problem of both practical and scientific importance. It has attracted the attention of many soil bacteriologists, but in spite of much accumulated information on the subject, there are many questions still to be answered before it will be known just how much nitrogen is fixed annually per acre of soil by this process

Reliability evaluation of incomplete AIS trajectories

International audienceAutomatic Identification System (AIS) data are prone to alterations that impede signal storage, producing incomplete trajectories. Since trajectory analysis assumes complete AIS data sets, incomplete trajectories are discarded. Yet, those data sets contain proper values, which could be exploited. This paper describes an approach to estimate the degree of reliability assigned to missing segments of a vessel trajectory, depending on meaningful statistical variations of recorded and predicted vessel positions. The approach was tested on real AIS data of three vessels. Results suggest that reliability can be determined from vessel speed and heading variations

Three dimensional treatment outcomes in class II patients treated using Herbst: a pilot study

Objective: Limitations of 2D imaging underlie current controversies in Herbst literature regarding skeletal effects of the appliance. 3D imaging techniques overcome these limitations. The purpose of this study was to analyze 3-D skeletal changes in class II patients treated with the Herbst appliance and compare to treated class II controls using 3D superimposition techniques. Methods: This pilot study enrolled 7 consecutively treated Herbst patients and 7 consecutive class II controls (treated with class II elastics). CBCTs were taken pre-treatment (T1) and post- treatment (T2), 3-D models were generated from CBCTs, registered on the anterior cranial bases and analyzed using color map and point-to-point measurements. Results: Herbst patients demonstrated anterior translation of the glenoid fossa and condyles compared to controls, resulting in a difference 2.52mm and 2.94 mm for the right and left anterior fossa, and 1.83 and 2.20 for the right and left posterior fossa (p<0.01). In addition, a maxillary restraining effect was noted in Herbst subjects with a difference of 2.42mm when compared to control subjects (p<0.001). Conclusion: The skeletal effects of the Herbst appliance leading to improvement in the class II profile include remodeling of the glenoid fossa leading to increased mandibular projection, and a maxillary headgear effect.Master of Scienc

Segmentation 3D et analyse de bancs de poissons à partir d'une séquence d'images acquise par un sonar multi-faisceaux

Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un projet dont l'objectif est l'analyse des ressources halieutiques à l'aide de séquences d'images acquises par un sonar multi-faisceaux. Nous présentons quelques méthodes de segmentation, d'extraction, de visualisation et d'analyse 3D des bancs de poissons et du fond marin présents dans les séquences. Les caractéristiques techniques du sonar et la résolution des images obtenues sont tout d'abord décrite. Ensuite, le volume des données est corrigé pour compenser le mouvement du bateau au cours de l'acquisition (tangage, roulis, pilonnement, cap et vitesse du bateau). Nous présentons également deux algorithmes de segmentation 3D pour l'extraction du fond marin et des bancs de poissons dans une séquence. Enfin, l'analyse des bancs de poissons extraits est réalisée grâce à quelques descripteurs 3D en vues d'études bio-statistiques sur les ressources halieutiques

Data Centre for French Coastal Operational Oceanography

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The validity of using surface meshes for evaluation of three-dimensional maxillary and mandibular surgical changes

The three-dimensional (3D) changes in hard tissue position following orthognathic surgery have been reported using 3D cephalometry, changes in volume, principal component analysis, and changes based on the surface model of the hard tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of using surface models as a method of assessing positional changes of the maxilla and mandible. The actual unidirectional movement of the maxilla (advancement or downgraft) and the mandible (advancement), together with bidirectional movement of the maxilla (simultaneous advancement and downgraft) were simulated on a plastic skull. Following cone beam computed tomography scanning of each surgical simulation, the actual surgical movement was compared to the analysis based on surface model movement using the mean absolute distance of all points, the 90th percentile, and the root mean square (RMS) distance. All three methods of assessment of analysis consistently underestimated the actual amount of surgical movement. The movement was approximately one-third to one-half of the actual surgical movement. The use of surface meshes and point-to-point measurements grossly underestimates the 3D changes in the maxilla and mandible in simulated surgical procedures. Currently there are limitations in fully describing the true positional changes of the maxilla or the mandible in three dimensions

Performance of the improved larger acceptance spectrometer: VAMOS++

International audienceMeasurements and ion optic calculations showed that the large momentum acceptance of the VAMOS spectrometer at GANIL could be further increased from $\sim$ 11% to $\sim$ 30% by suitably enlarging the dimensions of the detectors used at the focal plane. Such a new detection system built for the focal plane of VAMOS is described. It consists of larger area detectors (1000 mm × 150 mm) namely, a Multi-Wire Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter (MWPPAC), two drift chambers, a segmented ionization chamber and an array of Si detectors. Compared to the earlier existing system (VAMOS), we show that the new system (VAMOS++) has a dispersion-independent momentum acceptance . Additionally a start detector (MWPPAC) has been introduced near the target to further improve the mass resolution to $\sim$ 1/220. The performance of the VAMOS++ spectrometer is demonstrated using measurements of residues formed in the collisions of 129Xe at 967 MeV on 197Au