Le sentiment de compétence, modérateur du lien entre le QI et la performance scolaire

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Le sentiment de compétence : modérateur du lien entre le QI et le rendement scolaire en mathématiques

La présente étude a pour but de vérifier si le QI et le sentiment de compétence interagissent lorsque l’élève doit performer à l’école et si, en l’occurrence, cette interaction est à son tour modérée par l’âge et le sexe des participants. Afin de vérifier ces hypothèses, les variables suivantes ont été étudiées chez 928 élèves de souche francocanadienne fréquentant des écoles montréalaises de niveau secondaire : la moyenne en mathématiques, le QI, le sentiment de compétence en mathématiques, l’âge, le sexe et le statut socioéconomique. Tel que prévu, le QI et le sentiment de compétence en mathématiques corrèlent de façon positive et significative avec la moyenne en mathématiques de l’élève. Les analyses montrent également une interaction significative entre le QI et le sentiment de compétence. Une fois décomposée, cette interaction indique que chez les élèves qui ont un sentiment de compétence élevé, la valeur prédictive du QI est plus élevée, alors que la relation entre le QI et la performance ne change pas de façon significative chez les élèves qui présentent un faible sentiment de compétence. Enfin, ni l’âge ni le sexe de l’élève n’influencent l’interaction entre le QI et le rendement scolaire, pas plus qu’ils ne sont corrélés avec le rendement scolaire. Les implications cliniques de cette recherche sont discutées.The purpose of the present study was to establish whether students’ self competence beliefs and IQ interact when they need to perform at school and if so, whether this interaction is moderated by age and/or sex. The mean grade in mathematics, selfcompetence beliefs in mathematics, IQ, age, sex and socioeconomic status of 928 French Canadian students from Montreal high schools were analyzed. As predicted, the students’ IQ and self‐competence beliefs in mathematics correlated in a positive and significant way with their average grade in mathematics. Analyses also confirmed a significant correlation between the IQ and students’ self‐competence beliefs. When broken down, this interaction shows that for students with high selfcompetence beliefs, the predictive value of IQ is higher, but for students with low selfcompetence beliefs, the relationship between IQ and performance does not change significantly. Finally, age and sex do not influence the interaction between the IQ and students’ self‐competence beliefs, nor are they correlated with academic performance. Clinical implications are discussed

Stressed and distressed: how is the COVID-19 pandemic associated with sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction?

Background: The Canadian government’s response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic included the implementation of several restrictive measures since March 2020. These actions sought to decrease social contact and increase physical distancing, including that within universities. Such constraints were required to impede the transmission of the virus; however, concerns remain about their impact on the sexual and intimate relationships of university employees and students. Aim: This study examined the associations between COVID-19–related stress and sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction, also testing the mediating role of psychological distress. Methods: The models were tested with Canadian data collected from university employees and students in 2 phases: the first wave in April-May 2020 (T1; n = 2754) and the second wave in November-December 2021 (T2; n = 1430), 18 months afterward. Participants completed self-report questionnaires online. Path analyses were performed to test the associations of the mediation models. Outcomes: The principal outcomes included psychological distress determined via the Patient Health Questionnaire–4, relationship satisfaction measured via the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and sexual satisfaction and sexual frequency ascertained through a single item each. Results: Overall, COVID-19–related stress was associated with higher psychological distress, which in turn was related to lower sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction. Similar results were obtained with T1 and T2 data, indicating the mediating effect of psychological distress. Clinical implications: These findings increase scholarly comprehension of the negative associations between stress/distress and sexual and romantic relationships. Sexuality and close relationships are vital to the quality of human life; thus, targeted interventions should be developed to reduce COVID-19–related stress and its impact on sexual and romantic relationships to mitigate the long-term influences of this unique global challenge. Strengths & Limitations: To our knowledge, this study is the first to use a large sample size and replicate findings in 2 waves. Nonetheless, it is limited by the use of cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies with the same participants are mandated to better understand the evolution of these outcomes. Conclusion: COVID-19–related stress and psychological distress were found among participating university students and employees and were associated with lower sexual satisfaction, sexual frequency, and intimate relationship satisfaction. These results were observed at the early onset of the pandemic and 18 months afterward, suggesting that the stress generated by the pandemic were not mere reactions to the onset of the pandemic but persisted over time

Étude comparative des déterminants métaboliques de la taille et du nombre de particules LDL chez l’homme et la femme

Les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) représentent une des principales causes de décès dans le monde. La diminution des concentrations de cholestérol contenues dans les LDL (LDL) représente actuellement la méthode de prévention privilégiée dans la prévention des MCV. Toutefois, d’autres biomarqueurs, telles que la concentration d’apolipoprotéine (apo) B-100 et la taille des LDL, pourraient être utilisés et seraient possiblement supérieurs dans l’évaluation du risque. Ainsi, puisque la mesure du cholestérol LDL (LDL-C), habituellement utilisée en clinique, ne permet pas nécessairement de d’obtenir autant d’informations que ces deux derniers marqueurs, il importe d’en déterminer les facteurs métaboliques responsables, et ce, dans le but d’établir une stratégie de prévention efficace. Ce mémoire présente les résultats d’une étude d’observation dont l’objectif était de comparer les origines métaboliques de ces deux marqueurs athérogènes. Les résultats suggèrent que les phénotypes de la taille et du nombre de particules LDL naissent d’origines métaboliques distinctes.Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent one of the leading mortality causes in the world. Reduction of the concentration of cholesterol in low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) is currently the privileged CVD prevention method. However, others markers such as apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 and LDL size might be more accurate in CVD risk prediction because they reflect additional features of cardiometabolic risk that are not provided by the traditional LDL-C measures in clinic. It is therefore of great interest to better understand the metabolic factors responsible for increased LDL particle number and decreased LDL particle size, in the optics of establishing an efficient prevention strategy. This thesis presents the results of an observational study, which has the objective of comparing the metabolic origins of high levels of apo-B100 and of small LDL particle size. Results suggest that both features are the result of distinct metabolic pathways

Appropriation de l'espace et urbanisation d'un site de la basse-ville de Québec : la première campagne de fouilles à l'îlot Hunt

Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 201