An Unbiased Near-infrared Interferometric Survey for Hot Exozodiacal Dust

Exozodiacal dust is warm or hot dust found in the inner regions of planetary systems orbiting main sequence stars, in or around their habitable zones. The dust can be the most luminous component of extrasolar planetary systems, but predominantly emits in the near- to mid-infrared where it is outshone by the host star. Interferometry provides a unique method of separating this dusty emission from the stellar emission. The visitor instrument PIONIER at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) has been used to search for hot exozodiacal dust around a large sample of nearby main sequence stars. The results of this survey are summarised: 9 out of 85 stars show excess exozodiacal emission over the stellar photospheric emission.Comment: Invited review of our paper (Ertel et al., 2014) for ESO's The Messenger, issue 159. Final version as published in The Messenge

The LBV HR Car has a partner: Discovery of a companion with the VLTI

Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs) are massive stars caught in a post-main sequence phase, during which they are losing a significant amount of mass. As, on one hand, it is thought that the majority of massive stars are close binaries that will interact during their lifetime, and on the other, the most dramatic example of an LBV, Eta Car, is a binary, it would be useful to find other binary LBVs. We present here interferometric observations of the LBV HR Car done with the AMBER and PIONIER instruments attached to ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). Our observations, spanning two years, clearly reveal that HR Car is a binary star. It is not yet possible to constrain fully the orbit, and the orbital period may lie between a few years and several hundred years. We derive a radius for the primary in the system and possibly resolve as well the companion. The luminosity ratio in the H-band between the two components is changing with time, going from about 6 to 9. We also tentatively detect the presence of some background flux which remained at the 2% level until January 2016, but then increased to 6% in April 2016. Our AMBER results show that the emission line forming region of Br gamma is more extended than the continuum emitting region as seen by PIONIER and may indicate some wind-wind interaction. Most importantly, we constrain the total masses of both components, with the most likely range being 33.6 and 45 solar masses. Our results show that the LBV HR Car is possibly an Eta Car analog binary system with smaller masses, with variable components, and further monitoring of this object is definitively called for.Comment: A&A, in pres

VITRUV - Imaging close environments of stars and galaxies with the VLTI at milli-arcsec resolution

The VITRUV project has the objective to deliver milli-arcsecond spectro-images of the environment of compact sources like young stars, active galaxies and evolved stars to the community. This instrument of the VLTI second generation based on the integrated optics technology is able to combine from 4 to 8 beams from the VLT telescopes. Working primarily in the near infrared, it will provide intermediate to high spectral resolutions and eventually polarization analysis. This paper summarizes the result from the concept study led within the Joint Research Activity advanced instruments of the OPTICON program.Comment: In "The Power of Optical/IR Interferometry: Recent Scientific Results and 2nd Generation VLTI Instrumentation", Allemagne (2005) in pres

A Realistic Roadmap to Formation Flying Space Interferometry

The ultimate astronomical observatory would be a formation flying space interferometer, combining sensitivity and stability with high angular resolution. The smallSat revolution offers a new and maturing prototyping platform for space interferometry and we put forward a realistic plan for achieving first stellar fringes in space by 2030

Imagerie par synthèse d'ouverture optique, application aux étoiles chimiquement particulières

L'avènement des techniques de haute resolution angulaire revolutionne notre connaissance des objets stellaires. En particulier, les diagnostiques de polarisation couples l'interferometrie ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives, en resolvant les structures polarises generalement moyennees sur la surface et donc perdues en spectro-polarimetrie classique. Apres avoir rappele les enjeux de l'observation des etoiles chimiquement particulieres (Ap), je developpe un outil de simulation numerique, avec lequel je montre que l'introduction des mesures interferometriques marginalement rsolues ameliore la reconstruction des cartes d'abondance et de topologie magnetique. Des observations au GI2T valident ce mode spectro-polarimtrique sur un interferometre. Neanmoins, des problemes techniques m'ont empeche d'obtenir des donnees de qualite suffisante pour une exploitation sur les etoiles Ap. L'imagerie par synthese d'ouverture est le prolongement naturel de ces methodes differentielles. Cependant son application aux toiles Ap necessite simultanment une forte couverture du plan (u,v), une haute resolution spectrale et eventuellement une analyse de la polarisation. Dans ce contexte d'un interferometre spectro-imageur a grand nombre de telescopes (proposition VITRUV), je confirme l'interet de l'optique planaire par des observations au VLTI. J'etudie differents concepts de recombinaison et compare leurs performances. Enfin, j'ebauche l'analyse de la polarisation instrumentale et en deduit les specifications pour un mode polarimetrique au VLTI.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Unveiling new stellar companions from the EXOZODI survey : follow up

In 2012, we have conducted a survey of nearby main sequence stars with VLTI/PIONIER to search for the presence of circumstellar dust. We focused on the use of the closure phases and the square visibilities in a combined way to search for faint companions around the whole sample. In this process, we found four new stellar companions, for which we conducted follow-up observations in 2014. This follow up allows us to confirm the four detections, and to detect another new companion. Only the case of HD202730 remains ambiguous

A triple-star system with a misaligned and warped circumstellar disk shaped by disk tearing

Young stars are surrounded by a circumstellar disk of gas and dust, within which planet formation can occur. Gravitational forces in multiple star systems can disrupt the disk. Theoretical models predict that if the disk is misaligned with the orbital plane of the stars, the disk should warp and break into precessing rings, a phenomenon known as disk tearing. We present observations of the triple-star system GW Orionis, finding evidence for disk tearing. Our images show an eccentric ring that is misaligned with the orbital planes and the outer disk. The ring casts shadows on a strongly warped intermediate region of the disk. If planets can form within the warped disk, disk tearing could provide a mechanism for forming wide-separation planets on oblique orbits.status: publishe