Entre le logement et la rue, des espaces ambigus ouverts à un processus de production plurielle

Dans le contexte de la ville dense, les espaces d’articulation entre le logement et la ville se présentent comme un maillon fondamental pour penser et produire les qualités d’insertion urbaine de l’habitat. Un travail d’enquête, mené tant du côté de leur conception que de leur vécu, nous a permis d’identifier leurs enjeux. Considérant une divergence de points de vue entre architectes, maîtres d’ouvrage et habitants, la question centrale consiste à se demander si l’exploitation des interstices est amenée à représenter une ressource pour la ville de demain.In the context of the dense city, the spaces located between housing and the street appear as a fundamental link to think and produce the qualities of urban insertion of the housing environment. A survey, led both on the side of their conception and near their perceptions and the practices, allowed us to identify their stakes. Considering a difference of points of view between architects, owners building and inhabitants, the central question consists in wondering if the exploitation of spaces is brought to represent a resource for the city of tomorrow.Die Artikulationsräume zwischen der Wohnung und der Stadt können, im Zusammenhang der dichten Stadt, als ein wichtiges Mittel betrachtet werden, die Qualitäten von Stadteinfügen der Wohnung zu denken und herzustellen. Eine Untersuchungsarbeit, die sowohl die Konzeption als auch das Erleben der Qualitäten von Stadteinfügen der Wohnung befragt, zulässt uns, ihre Einsätze zu identifizieren. Von der verschiedenen Ansichten unter Architekten, Bauherren und Bewohnern ab, ist die Hauptfrage zu wissen, ob die Nutzung der Stadtzwischenraüme eine Ressource für die zukünftige Stadt sein könnte

Habitants et architectes : des créateurs d’images

Images de nos territoires ? Pour certains, la question ne mérite pas que l’on s’y attarde. Prenons, parmi eux, le cas de cet architecte qui, soucieux de produire dans un colloque une réflexion sociologique, avait superposé à ses projets de réhabilitation d’un grand ensemble des images de nids d’oiseaux et de terriers de lapins. Et de les commenter : « Tout être a besoin d’un abri ; le tout est de lui trouver une forme adéquate. » S’approprier un territoire ne serait donc que la réponse à une ..

A natureza regressiva da tributação sobre o consumo : o caso do ICMS

O presente trabalho visa realizar uma análise do Imposto sobre Mercadorias e Serviços (ICMS), sob o ponto de vista da sua incidência sobre o consumo, considerando a sua natureza regressiva. O estudo analisa a base principiológica norteadora do Sistema Tributário Nacional, assim como as normas de competência do ICMS e sua regra matriz, com o intuito de expor as características do referido tributo e a regressividade de sua incidência, que afeta especialmente os produtos de natureza mais básica, gerando um ônus proporcionalmente maior aos indivíduos de menor renda. Ainda, a presente pesquisa avalia possíveis soluções para a promoção da equidade e da justiça fiscal, o histórico da tributação sobre o consumo no Brasil, bem como experiências jurídicas internacionais em relação à regressividade de tributos indiretos.The present paper has the objective of analyzing the Goods and Services Circulation Tax (ICMS), under the perspective of its incidence over consume, taking in consideration its regressive nature. This study analyses the underlying principles that guide the National Taxation System, as well as the competence norms and legal basis related to ICMS, for the purpose of exposing the characteristics of the referred tax and the regressivity of its incidence, which mainly affects the most basic consume related goods, generating a proportionally larger onus to low-income individuals. Furthermore, the research evaluates possible solutions for the promotion of equity and fiscal justice, the history of consume taxation in Brazil, as well as international legal experiences regarding the regressivity of value-added taxes

Running Worms: C. elegans Self-Sorting by Electrotaxis

The nematode C. elegans displays complex dynamical behaviors that are commonly used to identify relevant phenotypes. Although its maintenance is straightforward, sorting large populations of worms when looking for a behavioral phenotype is difficult, time consuming and hardly quantitative when done manually. Interestingly, when submitted to a moderate electric field, worms move steadily along straight trajectories. Here, we report an inexpensive method to measure worms crawling velocities and sort them within a few minutes by taking advantage of their electrotactic skills. This method allows to quantitatively measure the effect of mutations and aging on worm's crawling velocity. We also show that worms with different locomotory phenotypes can be spatially sorted, fast worms traveling away from slow ones. Group of nematodes with comparable locomotory fitness could then be isolated for further analysis. C. elegans is a growing model for neurodegenerative diseases and using electrotaxis for self-sorting can improve the high-throughput search of therapeutic bio-molecules

Learning situated emotions

From the perspective of constructivist theories, emotion results from learning assemblies of relevant perceptual, cognitive, interoceptive, and motor processes in specific situations. Across emotional experiences over time, learned assemblies of processes accumulate in memory that later underlie emotional experiences in similar situations. A neuroimaging experiment guided participants to experience (and thus learn) situated forms of emotion, and then assessed whether participants tended to experience situated forms of the emotion later. During the initial learning phase, some participants immersed themselves in vividly imagined fear and anger experiences involving physical harm, whereas other participants immersed themselves in vividly imagined fear and anger experiences involving negative social evaluation. In the subsequent testing phase, both learning groups experienced fear and anger while their neural activity was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A variety of results indicated that the physical and social learning groups incidentally learned different situated forms of a given emotion. Consistent with constructivist theories, these findings suggest that learning plays a central role in emotion, with emotion adapted to the situations in which it is experienced

Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) Flight Dynamics Commissioning Results and Experiences

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will perform the first-ever spaceborne all-sky exoplanet transit survey and is the first primary-mission application of a lunar-resonant orbit. Launched on April 18, 2018, TESS completed a two-month commissioning phase consisting of three phasing loops followed by a lunar flyby and a final maneuver to achieve resonance. During the mission orbit, no further station-keeping maneuvers are planned or required. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is performing flight dynamics operations for the mission. This paper covers the design, implementation, and results from TESS commissioning, including the projected performance of the final mission orbit

Scissors resonance in the quasi-continuum of Th, Pa and U isotopes

The gamma-ray strength function in the quasi-continuum has been measured for 231-233Th, 232,233Pa and 237-239U using the Oslo method. All eight nuclei show a pronounced increase in gamma strength at omega_SR approx 2.4 MeV, which is interpreted as the low-energy M1 scissors resonance (SR). The total strength is found to be B_SR = 9-11 mu_N^2 when integrated over the 1 - 4 MeV gamma-energy region. The SR displays a double-hump structure that is theoretically not understood. Our results are compared with data from (gamma, gamma') experiments and theoretical sum-rule estimates for a nuclear rigid-body moment of inertia.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure

Rapid onset of collectivity in the vicinity of 78Ni

gamma-rays following the B and B-n decay of the very neutron rich 84Ga produced by photo-fission of 238U have been studied at the newly built ISOL facility of IPN Orsay: ALTO. Two activities were observed and assigned to two B-decaying states: 84gGa, I = (0\^-) and 84mGa, I = (3\^-, 4\^-). Excitation energies of the 2+1 and 4+1 excited states of 84Ge were measured at E(2+1) = 624.3 keV and E(4+1) = 1670.1 keV. Comparison with HFB+GCM calculations allows to establish the collective character of this nucleus indicating a substantial N=50 core polarization. The excitation energy of the 1/2+1 state in 83Ga known to carry a large part of the neutron 3s1/2 strength was measured at 247.8keV. Altogether these data allow to confirm the new single particle state ordering which appears immediately after the double Z=28 and N=50 shell closure and to designate 78Ni as a fragile and easily polarized doubly-magic core.Comment: 4 pages, ReVTe