Geophysical and atmospheric evolution of habitable planets

The evolution of Earth-like habitable planets is a complex process that depends on the geodynamical and geophysical environments. In particular, it is necessary that plate tectonics remain active over billions of years. These geophysically active environments are strongly coupled to a planet's host star parameters, such as mass, luminosity and activity, orbit location of the habitable zone, and the planet's initial water inventory. Depending on the host star's radiation and particle flux evolution, the composition in the thermosphere, and the availability of an active magnetic dynamo, the atmospheres of Earth-like planets within their habitable zones are differently affected due to thermal and nonthermal escape processes. For some planets, strong atmospheric escape could even effect the stability of the atmosphere

Safety of low-molecular-weight heparin compared to unfractionated heparin in hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) have been extensively studied and became the treatment of choice for several indications including pulmonary embolism. While their efficacy in hemodialysis is considered similar to unfractionated heparin (UFH), their safety remains controversial mainly due to a risk of bioaccumulation in patients with renal impairment. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the safety of LMWH when compared to UFH for extracorporeal circuit (ECC) anticoagulation. Methods We used Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Trip database and NICE to retrieve relevant studies with no language restriction. We looked for controlled experimental trials comparing LMWH to UFH for ECC anticoagulation among end-stage renal disease patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Studies were kept if they reported at least one of the following outcomes: bleeding, lipid profile, cardiovascular events, osteoporosis or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Two independent reviewers conducted studies selection, quality assessment and data extraction with discrepancies solved by a third reviewer. Relative risk and 95% CI was calculated for dichotomous outcomes and mean weighted difference (MWD) with 95% CI was used to pool continuous variables. Results Seventeen studies were selected as part of the systematic. The relative risk for total bleeding was 0.76 (95% CI 0.26–2.22). The WMD calculated for total cholesterol was −28.70 mg/dl (95% CI -51.43 to −5.98), a WMD for triglycerides of −55.57 mg/dl (95% CI -94.49 to −16.66) was estimated, and finally LDL-cholesterol had a WMD of −14.88 mg/dl (95% CI -36.27 to 6.51). Conclusions LMWH showed to be at least as safe as UFH for ECC anticoagulation in chronic hemodialysis. The limited number of studies reporting on osteoporosis and HIT does not allow any conclusion for these outcomes. Larger studies are needed to evaluate properly the safety of LMWH in chronic hemodialysis

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[...] Traité De L'Art De Fabriquer La Poudre À Canon, ... (-) [...] (Hauptband) ([3]) Cover ( - ) Vortitelblatt ([1]) Titelseite ([3]) Table Des Chapitres ([5]) Exposé Historique De L'Établissement Du Service Des Poudres Et Salpêtres En France (i) Tableaux Présentant Les Résultats Généraux Du Service Des Poudres Et Salpêtres ([1]r) Premier Tableau ([2]r) Deuxieme Tableau ([3]r) Troisiéme Tableau ([4]r) Quatrieme Tableau ([5]r) Cinquieme Tableau ([6]r) Sixième Tableau ([7]r) Septieme Tableau ([8]r) Huitième Tableau ([9]r) Neuvième et Dernier Tableau ([10]r) L'Art De Fabriquer La Poudre A Canon (1) Premiere Partie. Des Matieres (3) Chapitre Premier. Du salpêtre (3) Chapitre II. Du Charbon (120) Chapitre III. Du Soufre (153) Seconde Partie. Des Différents Procédés (189) Chapitre Premier. De la préparation des trois matières avant leur emploi à la frabrication de la poudre, ... (190) Chapitre II. De la poudre anguleuse, triturée et comprimée par les moulins à pilons, ... (207) Chapitre III. De la poudre anguleuse triturée par les tonneaux, mise ent galettes par les plateaux et les presses, ... (258) Chapitre IV. De la poudre anguleuse, triturée par les pilons, mise en galettes par les meules, ... (267) Chapitre V. De la poudre ronde, triturée et mise en pâte par les moulins ... (271) Chapitre VI. De la poudre ronde, triturée et mélangée par les tonneaux, mis en pâte par addition d'eau, ... (280) Chapitre VII. Des améliorations à faire dans les procédés de fabrication des poudres en France, ... (291) Chapitre VIII. De différentes poudres composèes avec des sels, ... (327) Chapitre IX. Des divers moyens d'éprouver la poudre pour en connaître la force (337) Chapitre X. De l'analyse de la poudre, et de la manière de réparer celle qui est avariée (359) Troisieme Partie. Des Ateliers, Machines et Ustensilles (375) Chapitre Premier. Fabrication du Salpêtre (376) Chapitre II. Confection du Charbon (403) Chapitre III. Epuration du Soufre (406) Chapitre IV. Préparations préalables des trois Matières (413) Chapitre V. Fabrication de la Poudre par les moulins à pilons (418) Chapitre VI. Fabrication de la Poudre par les tonneaux et les presses (495) Chapitre VII. Fabrication de la Poudre par les meules (501) Chapitre VIII. Fabrication de la Poudre ronde (506) Chapitre IX. Epreuve de diverses espèces de Poudre (509) Chapitre X. Des meilleures Dispositions à donner aux différents ateliers dans un grand établissement ... (524) Appendice (533

Liver and plasma lipid changes induced by cyclic fatty acid monomers from heated vegetable oil in the rat

Cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAM ) generated through domestic or industrial heating of vegetable oils may alter liver enzymes and induce hepatomegaly and steatosis, but the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. This study aimed to assess the effects of CFAM on liver and plasma lipids and to determine whether these effects are modulated by dietary lipids. Thirty‐six (36) male Wistar rats were fed either of the four isoenergetic diets consisting of canola oil or soybean oil with/without 500 mg/100 g CFAM of total fat for 28 days. Rats fed CFAM had higher liver total lipids (p = 0.03) and triacylglycerols (TAG ) (p = 0.02), but less hepatic phosphatidylcholine (p = 0.02) compared to those fed the non‐CFAM diets. CFAM did not alter liver phosphatidylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (PEMT ) activity and CTP : phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT ‐α) protein levels. Rats fed CFAM diets had higher levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC ), VLDL + LDL cholesterol, higher ratio of TC to HDL cholesterol, and lower levels of HDL cholesterol compared with rats fed non‐CFAM diets (p < 0.05). Plasma alanine transaminase (ALT ) was decreased with CFAM , but plasma insulin, glucose, and TAG did not vary among the four diet groups (p < 0.05). Rats fed canola oil and CFAM had higher plasma levels of aspartate transaminase (AST ) and AST /ALT ratio compared with the other three diet groups. These results indicate that CFAM may provoke an accumulation of TAG in the liver related to a decrease in phosphatidylcholine (PC ) levels, but the effect of CFAM on PC concentrations may not occur through impairment of the two main PC biosynthesis pathways

Additional file 1: of Safety of low-molecular-weight heparin compared to unfractionated heparin in hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Literature search strategies for Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane as used in this study are detailed in this document. (PDF 16 kb

L'Irlande et l'Université française

Cipriani Ann, Hamard Jean, Dalmasso Michèle, Lemoigne Guy, Genet Jacqueline, Dumay Emile-Jean, Escarbelt Bernard, Charpentier Colette, Leblanc Gérard, Frechet René, Trividic C., Chuto Jacques, Wargny Danielle, Lozes Jean. L'Irlande et l'Université française. In: Études irlandaises, n°1, 1976. pp. 325-339