Generalising KAT to verify weighted computations

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) was introduced as an algebraic structure to model and reason about classic imperative programs, i.e. sequences of discrete transitions guarded by Boolean tests. This paper introduces two generalisations of this structure able to express programs as weighted transitions and tests with outcomes in non necessarily bivalent truth spaces: graded Kleene algebra with tests (GKAT) and a variant where tests are also idempotent (I-GKAT). In this context, and in analogy to Kozen's encoding of Propositional Hoare Logic (PHL) in KAT we discuss the encoding of a graded PHL in I-GKAT and of its while-free fragment in GKAT. Moreover, to establish semantics for these structures four new algebras are de ned: FSET (T ), FREL(K; T ) and FLANG(K; T ) over complete residuated lattices K and T , and M(n;A) over a GKAT or I-GKAT A. As a nal exercise, the paper discusses some program equivalence proofs in a graded context.POCI-01-0145-FEDER-03094, NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000037. ERDF – European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation - COMPETE 2020 Programme and by National Funds through the Portuguese funding agency, FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030947. This paper is also a result of the project SmartEGOV, NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000037. The second author is supported in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Portuguese Law 57/2017, of July 19, at CIDMA (Centro de Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Matemática e Aplicações) UID/MAT/04106/2019

Introducing synchrony in fuzzy automata

This paper introduces a sort of automata and associated languages, often arising in modelling natural phenomena, in which both vagueness and simultaneity are taken as first class citizens. This requires a fuzzy semantics assigned to transitions and a precise notion of a synchronous product to enforce the simultaneous occurrence of actions. The expected relationships between automata and languages are revisited in this setting; in particular it is shown that any subset of a fuzzy synchronous language with the suitable signature forms a synchronous Kleene algebra.NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000037. POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030947. ERDF – European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation - COMPETE 2020 Programme and by National Funds through the Portuguese funding agency, FCT - Funda¸c˜ao para a Ciˆencia e a Tecnologia, within projects POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030947 and UID/MAT/04106/2019. The second author is supported in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Portuguese Law 57/2017, of July 19. This paper is also a result of the project SmartEGOV: Harnessing EGOV for Smart Governance (Foundations, Methods, Tools) NORTE-01-0145- FEDER-000037, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (EFDR). It received further support from the PT-FLAD Chair in Smart Cities & Smart Governanc

Towards a specification theory for fuzzy modal logic

Fuzziness, as a way to express imprecision, or uncertainty, in computation is an important feature in a number of current application scenarios: from hybrid systems interfacing with sensor networks with error boundaries, to knowledge bases collecting data from often non-coincident human experts. Their abstraction in e.g. fuzzy transition systems led to a number of mathematical structures to model this sort of systems and reason about them. This paper adds two more elements to this family: two modal logics, framed as institutions, to reason about fuzzy transition systems and the corresponding processes. This paves the way to the development, in the second part of the paper, of an associated theory of structured specification for fuzzy computational systems.This work is financed by the ERDF - European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation -COMPETE 2020 Programme and by National Funds through the Portuguese funding agency, FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia within project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029946 -PTDC/CCI-COM/29946/2017

On kleene algebras for weighted computation

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) was introduced as an alge- braic structure to model and reason about classic imperative programs, i.e. sequences of discrete actions guarded by Boolean tests. This paper introduces two generalisations of this structure able to ex- press programs as weighted transitions and tests with outcomes in a not necessary bivalent truth space, namely graded Kleene algebra with tests (GKAT) and Heyting Kleene algebra with tests (HKAT). On these contexts, in analogy to Kozen's encoding of Propositional Hoare Logic (PHL) in KAT [10], we discuss the encoding of a graded PHL in HKAT and of its while-free fragment in GKAT.This work is financed by the ERDF - European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation - COMPETE 2020 Programme and by National Funds through the Portuguese funding agency, FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, within projects POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016692 and UID/MAT/04106/2013. The second author is also supported by the individual grant SFRH/BPD/103004/2014

Recent Advances in Basic Research for Brain Arteriovenous Malformation.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal connections of vessels that shunt blood directly from arteries into veins. Rupture of brain AVMs (bAVMs) can cause life-threatening intracranial bleeding. Even though the majority of bAVM cases are sporadic without a family history, some cases are familial. Most of the familial cases of bAVMs are associated with a genetic disorder called hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The mechanism of bAVM formation is not fully understood. The most important advances in bAVM basic science research is the identification of somatic mutations of genes in RAS-MAPK pathways. However, the mechanisms by which mutations of these genes lead to AVM formation are largely unknown. In this review, we summarized the latest advance in bAVM studies and discussed some pathways that play important roles in bAVM pathogenesis. We also discussed the therapeutic implications of these pathways

A semantics and a logic for Fuzzy Arden Syntax

Fuzzy programming languages, such as the Fuzzy Arden Syntax (FAS), are used to describe behaviours which evolve in a fuzzy way and thus cannot be characterized neither by a Boolean outcome nor by a probability distribution. This paper introduces a semantics for FAS, focusing on the weighted parallel interpretation of its conditional statement. The proposed construction is based on the notion of a fuzzy multirelation which associates with each state in a program a fuzzy set of weighted possible evolutions. The latter is parametric on a residuated lattice which models the underlying semantic ‘truth space’. Finally, a family of dynamic logics, equally parametric on the residuated lattice, is introduced to reason about FAS programsThis work was founded by the ERDF — European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation — COMPETE 2020 Pro gramme and by National Funds through the Portuguese funding agency, FCT — Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within projects POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030947and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-02994

Sugestão de adubação fosfatada do algodoeiro para o Estado de Goiás

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First record of myiasis in Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae) by Diptera

Myiasis is a parasitic disease caused by some species of Diptera, whose larvae feed on their host’s tissues. Records of myiasis in Brazilian anurans are scarce in the literature with single records in 12 species divided into 5 families. We report herein the observation of the first case of myiasis in the frog Physalaemus cuvieri from an individual found dead.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Parenting scales : contributions to the factorial validity of the Portuguese version

The purpose of this study is to confirm the structural validity of the Questioná- rio de Estilos Educativos Parentais (QEEP) in a sample of Portuguese adolescents. This instrument is an adaptation of the Parenting Scales to the Portuguese population and intends to evaluate adolescents’ perceptions of the rearing style of their parents. It is composed of 19 items related with two dimensions: Acceptance (Responsiveness) and Monitoring (Supervision). The sample has comprised 210 boys and 213 girls aged from 12 to 15 years. A two-dimensional model has emerged from confirmatory factorial analysis – Acceptance, similar to the original subscale, and Knowledge, composed by some items from the Monitoring dimension. Internal consistency coefficients are acceptable for research purposes.Este estudo tem como objectivo confirmar a estrutura factorial do Questionário de Estilos Educativos Parentais (QEEP) numa amostra de adolescentes portugueses. Este instrumento constitui a versão adaptada à população portuguesa das Parenting Scales e pretende avaliar a percepção que os adolescentes têm dos estilos educativos dos pais. É composto por 19 itens que remetem para duas dimensões: Aceitação (subescala Responsividade) e Monitorização (subescala Supervisão). Participaram no estudo 210 rapazes e 213 raparigas com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 15 anos. Da análise factorial confirmatória emergiu um modelo com duas dimensões – Aceitação, semelhante à subescala original, e Conhecimento, composta por parte dos itens da dimensão Monitorização. Os valores de consistência interna são considerados aceitáveis para fins de investigação