Habilidade competitiva relativa de milhã em convivência com arroz irrigado e soja

The objective of this work was to compare the relative competitive ability of crabgrass with flooded rice and soybean crops. Five experiments were performed in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 seasons, in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of plant proportions of crabgrass, flooded rice or soybean (at 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100%). Leaf area and shoot dry weight were evaluated at 45 days after emergence. The competition between crabgrass and flooded rice or soybean occurs for the same environment resources. Crabgrass plants have a lower individual competitive ability than flooded rice and soybean, when they occur in the same proportion of plants. When flooded rice or soybean are associated with crabgrass, the intraspecific competition dominates, while for the weed the interspecific competition prevails as the most harmful.O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a habilidade competitiva relativa de milhã com as culturas de arroz irrigado e de soja. Realizaram-se cinco experimentos, nas safras de 2009/2010 e 2010/2011, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de proporções de plantas de milhã e arroz irrigado ou soja (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 0:100%). A área foliar e a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea foram avaliadas aos 45 dias após a emergência. A competição entre milhã e arroz irrigado ou soja ocorre pelos mesmos recursos do ambiente. Plantas de milhã apresentam menor habilidade competitiva por indivíduo do que o arroz irrigado e a soja, quando ocorrem na mesma proporção de plantas. Quando as culturas do arroz irrigado ou da soja estão associadas ao milhã, a competição intraespecífica predomina, enquanto, para a planta daninha, prevalece a competição interespecífica como a mais prejudicial

Habilidade competitiva relativa de milhã em convivência com arroz irrigado e soja

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a habilidade competitiva relativa de milhã com as culturas de arroz irrigado e de soja. Realizaram-se cinco experimentos, nas safras de 2009/2010 e 2010/2011, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de proporções de plantas de milhã e arroz irrigado ou soja (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 0:100%). A área foliar e a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea foram avaliadas aos 45 dias após a emergência. A competição entre milhã e arroz irrigado ou soja ocorre pelos mesmos recursos do ambiente. Plantas de milhã apresentam menor habilidade competitiva por indivíduo do que o arroz irrigado e a soja, quando ocorrem na mesma proporção de plantas. Quando as culturas do arroz irrigado ou da soja estão associadas ao milhã, a competição intraespecífica predomina, enquanto, para a planta daninha, prevalece a competição interespecífica como a mais prejudicial

Comparative cytogenetic of six species of Amazonian Peacock bass (Cichla, Cichlinae): intrachromosomal variations and genetic introgression among sympatric species

Cytogenetic data for the genus Cichla Bloch et Schneider, 1801 are still very limited, with only four karyotype descriptions to date. The sum of the available cytogenetic information for Cichla species, points to a maintenance of the diploid number of 48 acrocentric chromosomes, considered a typical ancestral feature in cichlids. In the current study, we performed molecular and classical cytogenetic analyses of the karyotype organization of six species of Cichla, the earliest-diverging genus of Neotropical cichlids. We cytogenetically analysed Cichla kelberi Kullander et Ferreira, 2006, Cichla monoculus Agassiz, 1831, Cichla piquiti Kullander et Ferreira, 2006, Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821, Cichla vazzoleri Kullander et Ferreira, 2006 and Cichla pinima Kullander et Ferreira, 2006, including three individuals that showed mixed morphological characteristics, likely from different species, suggesting they were hybrid individuals. All individuals analysed showed 2n = 48 acrocentric chromosomes, with centromeric heterochromatic blocks on all chromosomes and a terminal heterochromatic region on the q arm of the 2nd pair. Mapping 18S rDNA gave hybridization signals, correlated with the nucleolus organizer regions, on the 2nd pair for all analyzed individuals. However, we found distinct patterns for 5S rDNA: interstitially at the proximal position on 6th pair of four species (C. kelberi, C. pinima, C. piquiti and C. vazzoleri), and on the distal of the 4th pair in two (C. monoculus and C. temensis). Accordingly, we present here new data for the genus and discuss the evolutionary trends in the karyotype of this group of fish. In addition, we provide data that supports the occurrence of hybrid individuals in the Uatumã River region, mainly based on 5S rDNA mapping

Mortality of Conotrachelus humeropictus in response to combined application of the nematode Steinernema brazilense and the fungus Beauveria bassiana

ABSTRACT: The fruit borer Conotrachelus humeropictus is one of the most important pests of the cupuaçu crop, and can promote yield losses of around 50%. The present study involved the selection of Beauveria bassiana isolates on Conotrachelus psidii larvae, which was used as test insect due to its taxonomic closeness to C. humeropictus. In order to assess their interaction using combined application, we studied the ability of the nematode to carry conidia of B. bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae to soil layers. This study also aimed to establish a biological control method for cupuaçu borer with the use of the fungus B. bassiana at 10 kg/ha and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema brazilense at 1, 3, 9, and 27 IJ/cm2, applied as single and combined treatments. In the selection of B. bassiana strains for C. psidii, the IBCB 276 and IBCB 165 isolates were the most promising ones, causing 86 and 84% mortality, respectively. The IBCB 276 strain was applied in the field to control C. humeropictus. In the study of carriage of conidia in soil, the nematode S. brazilense was found to be capable of carrying conidia of B. bassiana to deep 7 to 10 cm soil layers. This was not observed with M. anisopliae, found only in the topsoil. In field trials against C. humeropictus larvae, B. bassiana promoted 15.6% mortality. The nematode promoted 60.0% mortality at the highest concentration used, and their combined use with B. bassiana (10 kg/ha) increased mortality to 65.6%, with an additive interaction observed between the two entomopathogens

A atuação da educação física nas residências multiprofissionais em saúde

Objetive: To present the activities under the competence of physical education and its performance in the multidisciplinary residences in health and the difficulties involved in this experience. Data synthesis: The study presented the activities of competence and the performance in the Unified Health System (Serviço Único de Saúde - SUS) of the Hospital Multiprofessional Integrated Residency Program with emphasis on Adults’ Cardiometabolic Healthcare (Residência Integrada Multiprofissional Hospitalar - RIHMAS) and the Multiprofessional Residency Program in Family Health (Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família - RMSF), supervised by the Commission of Multidisciplinary Residences (Comissão das Residências Multiprofissionais - COREMU), both with two-year duration, aiming healthcare for SUS users. As regards the actions of residents, all activities take place at the Federal University of Rio Grande University Hospital; in their first year in RIMHAS, the activities are developed in the Emergency room, Medical and Surgical Clinic; in the second one, they occur in the Integrated Center for Diabetes and Physical Rehabilitation Centre. In RMSF there is a dip in the Family Health Strategy, carrying out activities in a Basic Health Unit, in addition to internships in other health services. Conclusion: The study shows that experiences that link the academic training of the Physical Education core and the SUS contribute to open a channel of dialogue between individuals acting in multiprofessional residency programs. doi: 10.5020/18061230.2014.p428Objetivo: Presentar las actividades de competencia y actuación de la Educación Física en las residencias multiprofesionales en salud y las dificultades de esa experiencia. Síntesis de los datos: Se presentan las actividades de competencia y actuación en el Sistema de Salud (SUS) de la Residencia Integrada Multiprofesional Hospitalario con Énfasis en la Atención a la Salud Cardiometabólica del Adulto (RIMHAS) y de la Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud de la Familia (RMSF), supervisionadas por la Comisión de las Residencias Multiprofesionales (COREMU), ambas con atención a la salud de los usuarios del SUS y duración de dos años. Respecto la actuación de los residentes, en el primer año de la RIMHAS, las actividades son desarrolladas en el Hospital Universitario de la (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande) FURG, en el Servicio de Pronta Asistencia, Clínica Médica y Clínica Quirúrgica. En el segundo año las actividades se dan en el Centro Integrado de Diabetes y Centro de Rehabilitación Física. En la RMSF hay una inmersión en un equipo de Estrategia de Salud de la Familia con actuación en una Unidad Básica de Salud, además de la realización de prácticas en otros servicios. Conclusión: El estudio muestra que las experiencias que involucran la formación académica del núcleo de Educación Física y el SUS contribuyen para la construcción del dialogo entre los individuos de las residencias multiprofesionales. doi: 10.5020/18061230.2014.p428Objetivo: Apresentar as atividades de competência e atuação da Educação Física nas residências multiprofissionais em saúde e as dificuldades dessa experiência. Síntese dos dados: Apresentam-se as atividades de competência e atuação no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) da Residência Integrada Multiprofissional Hospitalar com Ênfase na Atenção à Saúde Cardiometabólica do Adulto (RIMHAS) e da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família (RMSF), supervisionadas pela Comissão das Residências Multiprofissionais (COREMU), ambas com atenção à saúde dos usuários do SUS e duração de dois anos. No que diz respeito à atuação dos residentes, no primeiro ano na RIMHAS, as atividades são desenvolvidas no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), no Serviço de Pronto Atendimento, Clínica Médica e Clínica Cirúrgica; no segundo, ocorrem no Centro Integrado de Diabetes e Centro de Reabilitação Física. Na RMSF, há uma imersão em uma equipe de Estratégia de Saúde da Família, com atuação em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, além da realização de estágios em outros serviços. Conclusão: O estudo mostra que experiências que articulam a formação acadêmica do núcleo da Educação Física e o SUS contribuem para a construção de um canal de diálogo entre indivíduos atuantes nas residências multiprofissionais. doi: 10.5020/18061230.2014.p42

Increase in Vascular Injury of Sodium Overloaded Mice May be Related to Vascular Angiotensin Modulation

<div><p>This study aimed to analyzing the effect of chronic sodium overload upon carotid and femoral injury, and its relation to vascular angiotensin modulation. Male C57Bl6 mice were divided in: control (cont), receiving 1% NaCl solution for 2 weeks (salt-2) or 12 weeks (salt-12). Two-weeks before the end of the study, a 2mm catheter was implanted around the left femoral and carotid arteries to induce injury. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at the end of the study by tail plethysmography. Arteries were collected and prepared for histological analysis to determine arterial thickening and perivascular collagen deposition. Angiotensin II and Ang(1-7) were quantified in fresh arteries using the HPLC method. There were no differences in body weight, BP and HR. Intima/media ratio had a similar increase in both injured arteries of cont and salt-2 mice, but a more pronounced increase was observed in salt-12 mice (31.1±6%). On the other hand, sodium overload modified perivascular collagen deposition, increasing thick fibers (cont: 0.5%; salt-2: 3.4%; salt-12: 0.6%) and decreasing thin fibers (cont: 7.4%; salt-2: 0.5%; salt-12: 6.8%) in non-injured arteries. Injured arteries presented similar collagen fiber distribution. Angiotensin quantification showed increased Ang(1-7) in salt treated mice (salt-2: +72%; salt-12: +45%) with a concomitant decrease in Ang II (salt-2: -54%; salt-12: -60%). Vascular injury increased significantly Ang(1-7) in salt-12 mice (+80%), maintaining Ang II reduction similar to that of a non-injured artery. The lack of changes in BP and HR suggests that the structural changes observed may be due to non-hemodynamic mechanisms such as local renin-angiotensin system. Collagen evaluation suggests that sodium overload induces time-related changes in vascular remodeling. The increase of artery injury with concomitant increase in Ang(1-7) in 12-week treated mice shows a direct association between the duration of salt treatment and the magnitude of vascular injury.</p></div

Score evaluation of ACE immunohistochemistry in femoral and carotid arteries.

<p>A: carotid artery, and B: femoral artery. Observe the increase of staining after vascular injury in all treatments. White bar: control, non-injured artery; black bar: injured artery. ¥ p<0.05 compared to non-injured artery; # p<0.05 compared to injured artery of cont and salt2 groups.</p

Intima/media ratio in femoral and carotid arteries.

<p>A: carotid artery, and B: femoral artery. Observe the increase in I/M ratio after vascular injury in all treatments. White bar: control, non-injured artery; black bar: injured artery. ¥ p<0.05 when compared to non-injured artery; # p<0.05 when compared to injured artery of cont and salt2 groups.</p