Utilisation d'un modèle réduit expérimental comme référence pour la validation des modèles d'inondations en zone urbaine

Recent advances in flood modelling of urban areas have lead to the development of more sophisticated urban flood models. These models simulate flooding events by coupling the surface flow and the sewer system with an internal boundary condition (IBC). However, good quality data of flood events are hazardous to obtain. In this work we aim to present quality data (i.e. discharges and water levels at several locations) collected from an experimental scaled-model for enabling a benchmark test for urban flood models. In addition the IBC discharge coefficients provided herein are determined experimentally enabling a consistent validation of drainage models. The scaled model comprises of a rectangular surface-channel with a downstream weir discharge, and with six inlets with identical diameter. The experimental results indicate: (1) consistency between the discharges measured by the ADV/WRP and the volumetric method (2) consistency of the water levels obtained in each WRPs; (2) Good correlation between the inlet discharge coefficients, and the weir discharge coefficient (3) The centre inlets show a higher discharge than the side inlets and the downstream inlets show a higher discharge than the upstream ones.L’évolution actuelle de la modélisation des inondations urbaines a conduit au développement d´améliorations importantes des modèles d'inondations en milieu urbain. Ces modèles de programmation mathématique simulent des inondations en tenant compte de l'interaction entre l'écoulement de surface et l'écoulement dans le réseau d'assainissement. Toutefois, il est difficile d'obtenir des données de qualité sur ces inondations. Ce travail vise à présenter des données de qualité mesurées à l'échelle expérimentale (déversements et niveaux d’eau en divers points d'un canal), pour être utilisé comme test de référence et donc comme benchmark pour la validation des modèles d’inondations urbaines. De plus, les coefficients de déversement présentés sont calculés expérimentalement, permettant ainsi la validation des modèles d'assainissement. Le modèle à l'échelle est un canal rectangulaire avec renvoi du déversoir en aval et six arrivées de diamètre identique. Les résultats de l'expérience indiquent: (1) la cohérence entre les déversements mesurés par les sondes ADV/WRP et les résultats de la méthode volumétrique; (2) la cohérence des niveaux d'eau obtenus pour chaque sonde WRP; (3) une bonne corrélation entre le coefficient de déversement d’arrivée et le coefficient de déversement du déversoir en aval; (4) les arrivées au centre présentent des coefficients de déversement plus grands, de même que les arrivées en aval

Propaganda in Disney’s Raya and the Last Dragon: exploring the stereotypes around the ideas of a woman and femininity

This thesis sets out to investigate how the ideas of what it means to be a woman and femininity are constructed and propagated through the film Raya and the Last Dragon, the latest Disney Princess film, in the form of stereotypes. Previous studies show that Disney Princess films, from The Walt Disney Company, produce effects on the behaviour and thoughts of children when it comes to gender roles. As propaganda became associated with totalitarian regimes, studies about media effects rarely coin said effects as caused by propaganda. Therefore, propaganda as a field of analysis lacks a body of literature and a consensual set of analysis rules. This thesis contributes to the establishment of propaganda as a field of analysis, by defining it under Jacques Ellul’s categorisation. The study relies on a qualitative analysis based on the propaganda analysis model proposed by Garth Jowett and Victoria O’Donnell. The empirical material consists of the film Raya and the Last Dragon, and it is available on Disney+, the streaming service of The Walt Disney Company. The findings of this thesis illuminate how the ideas of a woman and of femininity are constructed in Raya and the Last Dragon and allow to understand, against the literature review, if these constructions have changed and evolved when compared to previous Disney Princess films. The results indicate that the film presents a world where women and men are seen as equal, leading it to break previous stereotypes associated with women and femininity. By presenting a female-centric story, with independent characters who have diverse personalities and clothing, who fight and have no romantic interests, the film subverts the trope of a passive woman in a dress waiting to be rescued by a man from a powerful evil woman. Additionally, the film rotates around the relationship between Raya and Namaari, using the patriarchal trope of plotting a woman against a woman to focus on female friendship. Yet, as the filmmakers are conditioned by their positionality, some stereotypes are still oriented by patriarchal logic and a western perspective, namely the omnipresence of a patriarchal figure that guides the protagonist. In the end, besides its contributions to the field of propaganda analysis, the thesis updates the tradition of studies done on the gendered stereotypes present in the Disney Princess films

Turbulence and Air Entrainment

Sewer Structure

Order of convergence of the finite element method for the p(x)-Laplacian

In this work, we study the rate of convergence of the finite element method for the p(x) Laplacian (⁠1<p1≤p(x)≤p2≤2⁠) in a bounded convex domain in R2⁠.Fil: Del Pezzo, Leandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemática; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Sandra Rita. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto de Ciencias; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemática; Argentin

Variação da pressão intraocular durante a cirurgia da catarata

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021A pressão intraocular (PIO) é a pressão produzida pelos fluidos dentro do olho, sendo um importante parâmetro fisiológico na avaliação da condição ocular. Os valores da PIO são determinados principalmente pela produção e drenagem do humor aquoso pelo corpo ciliar e a sua drenagem ocorre pelas redes trabecular e uveoescleral. Atualmente, a facoemulsificação é o procedimento cirúrgico oftálmico mais realizado. Durante a cirurgia da catarata, reconhece-se que a pressão intraocular varia durante as várias etapas, como hidrodissecção, fragmentação nuclear, etapas de irrigação, aspiração (na sucção) e na inserção da lente intraocular. Até à presente data, há uma relativa escassez de estudos clínicos e de literatura em relação ao comportamento da PIO na cirurgia de catarata por facoemulsificação. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho final de mestrado é, através de uma revisão sistemática, compreender a importância da pressão intraocular, avaliar os efeitos adversos decorrentes de variações bruscas da PIO ou do seu aumento prolongado no tempo intraoperatoriamente na cirurgia da catarata por facoemulsificação, bem como compreender qual a técnica de facoemulsificação que induz mais variação da pressão intraocular e da pressão de perfusão. Espera-se assim que grandes variações da pressão intraocular e por períodos prolongados no tempo ao longo da intervenção cirúrgica, levam consequentemente a efeitos adversos sequelares como lesões do endotélio da córnea (inflamação e edema da córnea) e alterações do fluxo vascular (nervo óptico, retina e coróide).Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the pressure applied by the fluids inside the eye, being na importante physiological parameter in the evaluation of the eye condition. IOP values are determined mainly by the production and drainage of aqueous humor by the ciliary body and its drainage occurs through the tabecular and uveoscleral networks. Currently, phacoemulsification is the most commonly performed ophthalmic surgical procedure. During cataract surgery, i tis recognized that intraocular pressure varies during the various stages, such as hydrodissection, nuclear fragmentation, stages of irrigation, aspiration (in suction) and insertion of the intraocular lens. Untill the current data, there is a relative scarcity of clinical studies and literature in relation to the behavior of IOP in cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. Therefore, the objective of this final master’s work is, through a systematic review, to understand the importance of intraocular pressure, to evaluate the adverse effects resulting from sudden variations in IOP or its prolonged increase in intraoperatively time in cataract surgery by phacoemulsification technique induces more variation in intraocular pressure and perfusion pressure. It is therefore expected that large variations in intraocular pressure and for prolonged periods of time throughout the surgical intervention, consequently lead to adverse sequelar effects such as corneal endotelial lesions (corneal inflammation and edema) and changes in vascular flow (optic nerve, retina and choroid)

O trabalho com as famílias: práticas e conceções de participação na educação de infância

Mestrado em Educação Pré-EscolarA família e a escola são dois contextos diferenciados, porém ambos favorecem o crescimento da criança e são os principais contextos onde esta se desenvolve. É na família que a criança começa a desenvolver as primeiras relações e interações, é criado um vínculo com os seus pais e são eles que educam a criança na primeira etapa da sua vida. A escola, por outro lado, é também um contexto onde a criança se desenvolve socialmente e a estabelece novas aprendizagens. Embora estes dois contextos sejam distintos, ambos contribuem para o desenvolvimento da criança. Desta forma, é crucial que exista uma relação construtiva entre a família e a escola, onde seja possível a troca de experiências, ideias, conflitos e até mesmo conselhos. A escola tem o dever de incluir a família nas propostas educativas, pois só assim estes dois contextos trabalham em conjunto para um mesmo objetivo: promover o bem-estar e o desenvolvimento da criança. Para a realização deste relatório foi privilegiado a metodologia investigação-ação e pretende-se conhecer as conceções e práticas das educadoras em relação ao trabalho com as famílias e construir com estas, propostas de participação dos pais na escola. É realizado neste relatório uma abordagem da importância da interação dos profissionais de educação com as famílias; dos obstáculos que podem interferir nessa relação e das possíveis estratégias que a podem beneficiar. Para a concretização deste trabalho foi necessário utilizar diferentes instrumentos de recolha de informação: a observação participante, a entrevista e a análise documental. Este relatório permite então abordar algumas práticas de participação das famílias nos contextos de estágio, envolvendo os diferentes instrumentos de recolha de informação.Family and school are two different contexts, but both favor the growth of the child and are the main context in which it develops. It is in the family that the child begins to develop early relationships and interactions, it creates a bond with his parents and it’s them who educate the child in the first stage of his life. The school, on the other hand, is also a context where the children develop socially and establishes new learnings. Although these two contexts are different, they both contribute to the development of the child. Thus, it is crucial that exists a constructive relationship between the family and the school, where it is possible to exchange experiences, ideas, conflicts and even advices. The school has a duty to include the family in the educational proposals, because these two contexts work together for a common goal: to promote the welfare and development of children. The realization of this report was privileged to action research methodology and aims to meet the conception and practices of educators in relation to working with families and build with these proposals for parental involvement in school. It is done in this report an approach to the importance of the interaction of education professionals with families; obstacles that may interfere with this relationship and the possible strategies that can benefit it. The achievement of this work was necessary to use different tools to collect information: participant observation, interviews and documents analysis. This report allows the approach to some practices of families to participate in the internship contexts involving different instruments to collect information

Perceções dos riscos e danos da Internet: como lidam os jovens do 7º ano de escolaridade?

Introdução: Os riscos e danos da Internet estão, cada vez mais, a tornar-se num problema de saúde pública, que afeta crianças e jovens, com uma prevalência demonstrada não só a nível nacional como a nível mundial. Objetivo: Contribuir para a capacitação dos alunos do 7º ano de escolaridade para lidar com os riscos e danos na Internet. Metodologia: Foi desenvolvido um projeto de intervenção comunitária, com base na Metodologia do Planeamento em Saúde, dirigido aos alunos de 4 turmas do 7º ano. Foi aplicado o instrumento de recolha de dados (questionário) aos alunos e realizadas sessões de educação para a saúde sob a forma de Tertúlias. Resultados: Verificou-se que alguns alunos estiveram expostos aos riscos e danos da Internet. Nenhum dos alunos lesados falou com os professores, psicóloga e assistente social do agrupamento de escolas. Na escola, a formação sobre a temática é escassa. Conclusão: É evidenciada uma necessidade de formação e capacitação nas escolas acerca desta temática; PERCEPTIONS OF INTERNET RISKS AND HARMS: HOW DO 7TH GRADERS DEAL? ABSTRACT: Background: The risks and damages of the Internet are increasingly becoming a public health problem, which affects children and young people, with a demonstrated prevalence not only nationally but also worldwide. Objective: To contribute to the capacitation of 7th grade students to deal with risks and damages on the Internet. Methodology: A community intervention project was developed, based on the Health Planning Methodology, aimed at students from 4 classes of the 7th grade. It was applied the data collection instrument (questionnaire) to the students and there were held health education sessions in the form of Tertulias. Results: It was found that some students were exposed to the risks and damages of the Internet. None of the injured students spoke to the teachers, psychologist and social worker of the school. At school, training on the subject is scarce. Conclusion: There is evidence of a need for education and training in schools on this topic

Revealing Fires and Rich Diets: Macro- and Micro-archaeobotanical Analysis at the Hatahara Site, Central Amazonia

Numerous questions in Amazonian archaeology place great emphasis on the relationships between human groups and their environments, traditionally drawing inferences from ethnographic analogies. This analytical expedient is justified by the supposedly weak preservation potential of plant remains in the Amazonian environment; however, it is also rooted in a lack of collecting and systematic research of such botanical remains. This paper presents results of archaeobotanical studies undertaken at the Hatahara site, located in Central Amazonia. Analysis of macro and microbotanical remains produced direct evidence of relationships between humans and plants in pre-colonial Central Amazonia. Observation of microbotanical assemblages extracted from artifacts demonstrated a great diversity of dietary resources in the past, including the existence of cultivated and managed varieties of plants. These studies also pointed to a multifunctional use of certain artifacts, such as ceramic griddles. Anthracological analysis showed positive correlations between charcoal peaks and layers of anthropic soils (Amazonian Dark Earths), as well as a great floristic diversity in these charcoal assemblages, pointing to a complex scenario for the use of fire, as well as to the possibility of charcoal increases in the formation of these soils

INVENTÁRIO DE PEQUENOS MAMÍFEROS (RODENTIA E DIDELPHIMORPHIA) DA SERRA DE OURO BRANCO: PORÇÃO SUL DA CADEIA DO ESPINHAÇO, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL

Serra do Ouro Branco is located at the south portion of Espinhaço Range, at a transition area between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Here, we surveyed small mammals communities from Parque Estadual Serra do Ouro Branco and Monumento Natural Estadual do Itatiaia, two protected areas, and compared them with the diversity recorded in the remaining Espinhaço mountain range. Sampling occurred over 24 months (2009-2010) using pitfall traps. Nineteen species, 13 rodents and six marsupials, were recorded in 6,664 traps /night. The study area has low similarity with other areas of Espinhaço Range; high dissimilarity was the main pattern found, as revealed by the large number of singletons (40%) and few species found at least in half of the areas (17%). Thus, the elevated richness and diversity registered allied to the singularity in composition of species in each area and the scarcity of data for the north and mainly for the central region of Espinhaço, reinforce the importance and urgency of more studies and inventories of small mammals in all mountain range extension.Serra do Ouro Branco is located at the south portion of Espinhaço Range, at a transition area between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Here, we surveyed small mammals communities from Parque Estadual Serra do Ouro Branco and Monumento Natural Estadual do Itatiaia, two protected areas, and compared them with the diversity recorded in the remaining Espinhaço mountain range. Sampling occurred over 24 months (2009-2010) using pitfall traps. Nineteen species, 13 rodents and six marsupials, were recorded in 6,664 traps /night. The study area has low similarity with other areas of Espinhaço Range; high dissimilarity was the main pattern found, as revealed by the large number of singletons (40%) and few species found at least in half of the areas (17%). Thus, the elevated richness and diversity registered allied to the singularity in composition of species in each area and the scarcity of data for the north and mainly for the central region of Espinhaço, reinforce the importance and urgency of more studies and inventories of small mammals in all mountain range extension.Serra do Ouro Branco is located at the south portion of Espinhaço Range, at a transition area between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Here, we surveyed small mammals communities from Parque Estadual Serra do Ouro Branco and Monumento Natural Estadual do Itatiaia, two protected areas, and compared them with the diversity recorded in the remaining Espinhaço mountain range. Sampling occurred over 24 months (2009-2010) using pitfall traps. Nineteen species, 13 rodents and six marsupials, were recorded in 6,664 traps /night. The study area has low similarity with other areas of Espinhaço Range; high dissimilarity was the main pattern found, as revealed by the large number of singletons (40%) and few species found at least in half of the areas (17%). Thus, the elevated richness and diversity registered allied to the singularity in composition of species in each area and the scarcity of data for the north and mainly for the central region of Espinhaço, reinforce the importance and urgency of more studies and inventories of small mammals in all mountain range extension