ABRINDO CAIXAS PRETAS EM AULAS DE FÍSICA: Uma reflexão educacional a partir dos conceitos de Bruno Latour.

As contribuições, em uma linha que se poderia chamar de “sociologia da ciência”, de Bruno Latour permitem-se dialogar com questões educacionais, em particular no que tange à consolidação histórica de conceitos científicos e ao fazer ciência, haja vista a ampla defesa que a literatura expõe no sentido de uma educação científica pautada na abordagem historicoepistemológica, que apreenta o conhecimento científico como construção sociocultural. Neste sentido, é de nosso especial interesse a concepção latouriana das caixas pretas, que representam conceitos e instrumentos, de uma dada disciplina científica, que alcançaram a posição de objetos (teóricos, como leis e equações, ou experimentais, como equipamentos de laboratório) considerados\ud seguros até evidência em contrário. Exemplos de caixas pretas são abundantes: tipicamente, figuram como tal os instrumentos de medida, os conceitos e modelos que, a partir do momento em que sejam aceitos como válidos (pelos membros de uma comunidade de cientistas), fazem-se ponto de partida para novas descobertas. Quando um físico realiza experimentos em seu laboratório, está considerando válido um grande conjunto de princípios e confiando que seus instrumentos fornecem uma medida fiel para certas grandezas, suposição essa indispensável à prática científica. Frequentemente, esse cientista fará uso de instrumentos cujo princípio de funcionamento foge à alçada de seu conhecimento, e é sobre esse fato que Latour funda seu conceito de caixa preta (o qual se estende mesmo aos objetos da especialidade do nosso pesquisador). Neste ensaio, teremos por objetivo mostrar que (e como) a abordagem histórico epistemológica das aulas de ciências pode, em alguns aspectos, traduzir-se como o convite a abrir certas caixas pretas.FAPES

Anycast Agility: Adaptive Routing to Manage DDoS

IP Anycast is used for services such as DNS and Content Delivery Networks to provide the capacity to handle Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. During a DDoS attack service operators may wish to redistribute traffic between anycast sites to take advantage of sites with unused or greater capacity. Depending on site traffic and attack size, operators may instead choose to concentrate attackers in a few sites to preserve operation in others. Previously service operators have taken these actions during attacks, but how to do so has not been described publicly. This paper meets that need, describing methods to use BGP to shift traffic when under DDoS that can build a "response playbook". Operators can use this playbook, with our new method to estimate attack size, to respond to attacks. We also explore constraints on responses seen in an anycast deployment.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figure

Optimización de la ruta de patrullaje motorizado municipal e integrado en la jurisdicción de Camaná distrito utilizando algoritmos de investigación operativa

Esta tesis utiliza algoritmos de investigación de operaciones para optimizar la ruta de patrullaje municipal integrado. La cual actualmente se define en función del mapa del delito para cubrir los puntos críticos identificados, pero que no considera la frecuencia y los recursos disponibles para realizar dicho patrullaje. Además, para determinar la efectividad del patrullaje actualmente, se utilizó un dispositivo GPS para rastrear el desplazamiento de una unidad de patrullaje, con lo que se pudo observar que algunos puntos críticos no eran patrullados o lo eran en una frecuencia menor respecto a otros puntos de la misma criticidad. Para resolver la problemática descrita, se consideraron dos algoritmos dela investigación de operaciones, los cuales se aplicaron para determinar cuál ofrecía la solución más adecuada. El algoritmo genético evolutivo aplicado desde el software SOLVER resultó más eficiente por 2 Km respecto al indicador distancia total a recorrer con la misma cantidad de recursos con respecto a los resultados del software WinQSB que utiliza un algoritmo de ramificación y poda. Determinada esta nueva ruta, se pudo demostrar que se aumenta en 92.59%la frecuencia de patrullaje sobre todos los puntos críticos, mismo al ser comparada con el mejor de los escenarios registrados por el GPS. Finalmente, al contar con un solo patrullero, optimizar la ruta de patrullaje es un factor de mucha importancia para la seguridad ciudadana de la localidad en estudio.Campus Arequip

Diseño conceptual de la rampa basculante 2518 para la extracción de la veta victoria tensional del tajo 2453, N.2300 de la unidad minera Parcoy de Consorcio Minero Horizonte S.A.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objetivo el análisis económico del diseño conceptual de la rampa basculante para la explotación de la veta Victoria Tensional, nivel 2300 en la unidad minera Parcoy de Consorcio Minero Horizonte S. A. Para el desarrollo del presente trabajo de investigación se aplicó el método analítico, siendo el estudio de carácter descriptivo - explicativo. El estudio fue preexperimental, de manera que se observó y analizó los resultados del diseño conceptual de la rampa basculante para la explotación de la veta Victoria Tensional, nivel 2300. El medio para la recolección de datos fue la revisión documentaria y la recopilación de datos correspondientes en la unidad minera Parcoy. Para finalizar, se realizó el análisis e interpretación de las variables técnicas y económicas del diseño conceptual de la rampa basculante para la explotación de la veta Victoria Tensional y su implicancia en la rentabilidad financiera del plan de producción generado por el presente estudio. Los costos de desarrollo, preparación y explotación para la explotación de la veta Victoria Tensional, considera un costo total de $4,821,497.73 durante un periodo de 30 meses de operación. El periodo del presente estudio considera el tiempo de preparación en el desarrollo de dos tajeos en los niveles 2300 al 2400, con una altura de 100 metros y una longitud de 280 metros promedio en ambas alas de la estructura mineralizada (120 metros ala este y 160 metros ala oeste). Los ingresos de los 2 tajeos programados será en función al tonelaje programado de 2700 TMS durante los 5 primeros meses de producción, a partir del 6to mes la producción será de 5400 TMS durante 14 meses restantes, producto de los 2 tajeos en producción. XIII La evaluación financiera se definió en función de una tasa de descuento del 12$2,848,182, y un flujo de caja de 30 meses, tiempo que dura el desarrollo, preparación y explotación de los 2 tajeos programados. Finalmente, el VAN (valor actual neto) del diseño conceptual de rampas basculantes para la explotación de la veta Victoria Tensional, nivel 2300 es de $761,253.56 y un TIR (tasa interna de retorno) del 14 %

A influência da exportação de açúcar no porto de Santos sobre o frete rodoviário do fertilizante no estado de São Paulo

This survey has the purpose to prove as and how much the volume of exported sugar by Santos port interferes in the freight value negotiated for fertilizer distribution for the final customer, in São Paulo State. For people who are directly connected to fertilizer logistic, it is very important to have knowledge of how this variable impact in its market and so, it is possible to plan and make feasible differential logistic strategies to can provide more competitiveness for its business. Through statistics methodology, it is possible to observe and quantify the influence of main variable that has interference in the delivery road freight to the final customer. Based on this, it will be able to conclude that the logistic linking between sugar and fertilizer will be closer, due to strong relationships and it will depend on both bases and its commercial interests.Agro-industrial logistic, Linear regression, Pearson's correlation, Distribution of fertilizer, Marketing,

Da aprendizagem fragmentada ao desafio de uma formação integral: narrativas da construção do saber

For years medical training has been carried out in a fragmented way, reducing the complexity of the individual to organs and systems, neglecting socio-cultural aspects, as well as the dynamics and the interaction of the individual in the family and community sphere. Recently, with the last change made in the National Curricular Guidelines of the Undergraduate Course in Medicine (NCG) in 2014, the proposal arises that medical education should have an expanded formative character, with a general, critical, reflexive and ethical formation in purpose to form an egress enabled for action at different levels of health care, able to handle various pathological conditions indistinctly, to perform the coordination of care and management of the clinic. The objective of this study is to analyze the perceptions, expectations and experiences of undergraduate students of the third year of medicine at the Centro Universitário São Camilo, in the context of a discipline with a comprehensive approach to care, trying to understand the phenomenon of knowledge formation, starting with it is a logic of teaching fragmented by focal specialties, until arriving at one whose focus on integral care is the counterpoint of the previous formation. This is a qualitative, descriptive study, guided by the documental analysis of field diaries produced by the students, the researcher's field diary, and discourse analysis in conversation wheels, aiming to discuss the ideas and experiences in the outpatient clinic visits, as well as their role in the student's formation as a future generalist. The conclusion that has been reached is that even many changes that the medical curriculum has undergone over the last decades, we still have a categorized, fragmented formation with few moments to reflect on the practice, even in a non-flexible Fordist model, where more emphasis is placed on the content to be taught than the subjects' autonomy. At the same time, it has advanced in many dimensions of teaching, having demonstrated the research experience that the dialogic and reflexive process of teaching can contribute much with a quality education and that values the ethical aspects of care.Por anos a formação médica vem sendo realizada de modo fragmentado, reduzindo a complexidade do indivíduo a órgãos e sistemas, negligenciando aspectos socioculturais, bem como a dinâmica e a interação do indivíduo na esfera familiar e comunitária. Recentemente com a última mudança realizada nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Medicina (DCN) em 2014, surge a proposta de que o ensino médico passe a ter um caráter formativo ampliado, com formação humanística, geral, crítica, reflexiva e ética, no intuito de formar um egresso habilitado para atuação nos diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde, apto ao manejo de condições patológicas diversas de modo indistinto, a realizar a coordenação do cuidado e a gestão da clínica. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as percepções, expectativas e vivências dos alunos de graduação do terceiro ano de medicina do Centro Universitário São Camilo, diante de uma disciplina com proposta de olhar integral do cuidado assistencial, tentando compreender o fenômeno da formação do conhecimento, partindo-se de uma lógica de ensino fragmentado por especialidades focais, até chegar a metodologia cujo foco no cuidado integral é o contraponto da formação anterior. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, orientado pela análise de conteúdo dos diários de campo produzidos pelos alunos, diário de campo do pesquisador, e análise das rodas de conversa, visando debater as ideias e vivências nos atendimentos no ambulatório, bem como seu papel na formação do aluno enquanto futuro generalista. A conclusão a que se chegou é a de que, mesmo com as diversas mudanças do currículo médico ao longo das últimas décadas, mantém-se ainda uma formação categorizada, fragmentada, com poucos momentos para reflexão da prática, ainda em um modelo fordista pouco flexível, onde se prioriza mais o conteúdo a ser ministrado do que propriamente a autonomia dos sujeitos. Ao mesmo tempo, avançou-se em muitas dimensões do ensino, tendo demonstrado a experiência da pesquisa que o processo dialógico e reflexivo de ensino pode contribuir muito com uma formação de qualidade e que valorize os aspectos éticos do cuidado.Dados abertos - Sucupira - Teses e dissertações (2019

Temporomandibular joint prostheses: An alternative for impacted mandibular condyle in middle cranial fossa

AbstractThe dislocation of the mandibular condyle in the middle cranial fossa is a rare condition with few reports in the literature. The authors described the first case reported of unilateral dislocation and fracture treated and reconstructed with a Temporo mandibular joint prostheses. Pre-surgical conduct, medical positions of the Neurosurgery, Radiology and Oral and Maxillofacial teams are described. Also, two years post-operative evaluations are detailed, including information regarding maximum interincisal opening, function, speech, pain and diet of the patient

Ascorbic acid oxidation of thiol groups from dithiotreitol is mediated by its conversion to dehydroascorbic acid

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the in vitro pro-oxidant effect of ascorbic acid towards thiol groups could be mediated by free radicals formed during its autooxidation and/or by a direct oxidation of -SH groups by its oxidized form (dehydroascorbic acid). This hypothesis was examined by measuring the rate of AA (ascorbic acid) oxidation in MOPS (3-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid buffer) and phosphate buffer (PB). Here we have used dithiothreitol (DTT) as model of vicinal thiol-containing enzymes, namely delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase. The rate of AA and DTT oxidation was more pronounced in the presence of PB than in the MOPS. AA oxidation induced by iron/EDTA complex was significantly reduced by addition of superoxide dismutase, catalase and DTT to the reaction medium. H2O2 alone did not stimulate the oxidation of AA; however, AA oxidation was enhanced significantly with the addition of crescent concentrations of iron. Conversely, in DTT oxidation assay (without AA) the addition of iron, EDTA and H2O2, did not promote the oxidation of -SH groups. Our findings suggest that in the presence of physiological concentrations of AA and thiols, the oxidation of -SH groups is mediated by AA conversion to dehydroascorbic acid with the participation of iron. Furthermore, free radical species formed during the autooxidation of AA apparently did not oxidize thiol groups to a significant extent

Evaluation Of The Impact Of Orthognathic Surgery On Quality Of Life

Dental treatment and surgery is a well-established method of correcting dentofacial deformities, and such treatment has an impact on the quality of life of individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthognathic surgery on the quality of life of patients receiving treatment at the Universidade Federal do Parana - UFPR. Clinical data were evaluated for the control group, and a quality-of-life evaluation questionnaire was completed [Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14)]. For the case group, the same data were gathered along with information regarding their dentofacial deformity. The OHIP-14 questionnaire was also completed at three distinct stages of the experiment. The median age in the control group was 23.5 years. In the case group, the predominant gender was female, and the mean age of patients was 29.4 years. There was a statistically significant association between gender and OHIP-14 (p < 0.001). No such association was observed between age and OHIP-14 scores (p = 0.616). In the control group the OHIP-14 median score was 11.5. In the case group, the average OHIP-14 score at was 18 at T0, 21 at T1, and 8 at T2. The results demonstrated a statistically significant association between the three time stages at which OHIP-14 was analyzed (p < 0.001). There was a Smaller reduction in the negative impact for transversal deformities of the jaw when compared with other deformities. Orthognathic surgery led to a reduction in the negative effects on the quality of life of patients.30