Girikihaciyan: A Halafian Site in Southeastern Turkey

This report presents the results of excavations undertaken at the site of Girikihaciyan in southeastern Turkey during 1968 and 1970 by the Joint Prehistoric Project, Istanbul-Chicago under the overal direction of Professor Halet Cambel, University of Istanbul, and Professor Robert J. Braidwood, Oriental Institute, University of Chicago.Series: Monographs 3

Linear Versus Web-Style Layout of Computer Tutorials for Medical Student Learning of Radiograph Interpretation

Rationale and Objective:We sought to determine which is more effective in increasing skill in radiograph interpretation: a linear (PowerPoint-style) computer tutorial that locks the student into a fixed path through the material or a branched (Web-style) version that allows random access. Materials and Methods: We prepared a computer tutorial for learning how to interpret cervical spine radiographs. The tutorial has 66 screens including radiographs or graphics on almost every page and five unknown radiographs for the student to interpret. One version (linear) presents the material in a linear sequence with the unknown radiographs heading up "chapters" detailing an important aspect of the task. In the second (branched) version, the same 66 screens were accessed through hyperlinks in a frame beside the unknown radiographs. One hundred thirty-nine medical students at two sites participated in a randomized single-blinded controlled experiment. They interpreted cervical spine images as a pretest and then completed one of the two tutorial versions. Afterward, they did the same examination as a post-test. Results:The tutorial was successful, in both layouts, in improving the subjects' ability to interpret cervical spine radiograph images (effect size 2.1; 95% confidence interval 1.7-2.5). However, the layout did not make a difference to their gain in ability. Students in the linear group completed the tutorial in 17% less time (P < .001) but were slightly less likely to rate the tutorial as "valuable." Conclusion:For these novice learners, computer tutorial layout does not affect knowledge gain. Students may be more satisfied with the linear layout, but in time-pressured situations, the Web-style layout may be preferable because it is more efficient

Interactive creative problem solving

A set creative problem‐solving tools for instructional purposes is discussed. The tools include a problem‐solving text which presents the heuristic, a set of slides in electronic form that can be used to enhance classroom presentations, and interactive computer modules that reinforce and develop the students' problem‐solving skills. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110731/1/4_ftp.pd

Linear Versus Web-Style Layout of Computer Tutorials for Medical Student Learning of Radiograph Interpretation

Rationale and Objective:We sought to determine which is more effective in increasing skill in radiograph interpretation: a linear (PowerPoint-style) computer tutorial that locks the student into a fixed path through the material or a branched (Web-style) version that allows random access. Materials and Methods: We prepared a computer tutorial for learning how to interpret cervical spine radiographs. The tutorial has 66 screens including radiographs or graphics on almost every page and five unknown radiographs for the student to interpret. One version (linear) presents the material in a linear sequence with the unknown radiographs heading up "chapters" detailing an important aspect of the task. In the second (branched) version, the same 66 screens were accessed through hyperlinks in a frame beside the unknown radiographs. One hundred thirty-nine medical students at two sites participated in a randomized single-blinded controlled experiment. They interpreted cervical spine images as a pretest and then completed one of the two tutorial versions. Afterward, they did the same examination as a post-test. Results:The tutorial was successful, in both layouts, in improving the subjects' ability to interpret cervical spine radiograph images (effect size 2.1; 95% confidence interval 1.7-2.5). However, the layout did not make a difference to their gain in ability. Students in the linear group completed the tutorial in 17% less time (P < .001) but were slightly less likely to rate the tutorial as "valuable." Conclusion:For these novice learners, computer tutorial layout does not affect knowledge gain. Students may be more satisfied with the linear layout, but in time-pressured situations, the Web-style layout may be preferable because it is more efficient

KINEMATICS OF ASSISTED AND RESISTED SPRINTING AS COMPARED TO NORMAL FREE SPRINTING IN TRAINED ATHLETES

The purpose of this study was to examine the kinematics of sprinting under assisted (or overspeed) and resisted conditions as compared to normal sprinting during the acceleration and top-speed phases of a sprint. SIX volunteer subjects completed 3 trials of each of 4 conditions: assisted sprinting (AS); free sprinting (FS); resisted sprinting (RS); and, sprint start (SS). One trial per subject per condition was randomly selected for kinematic analysis. Video (60 Hz) was collected in the sagittal plane for two full strides and analysed in 2D using an 8-point, 6-segment model with APAS software. Statistical analysis found no significant differences between AS and FS for any kinematic parameters. No significant differences were found between RS and SS for any kinematic parameters. AS differed significantly (

The Effect of Fatigue on Shoulder Muscle Strength Ratios in Collegiate Water Polo Players

Introduction: A proposed mechanism of shoulder injuries is imbalances in the strength of the shoulder muscles, however, the effects of fatigue on these imbalances are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of isokinetic-induced fatigue on the development of shoulder muscle imbalances using both the conventional and functional ratio

Relationship between Ground Reaction Force Characteristics and Bone Mineral Density of the Hip and Spine in Male Runners

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(1): 655-666, 2022. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between running ground reaction force (GRF) characteristics and hip and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) values in male runners. Individuals who ran at least 48.3 km per week and were injury-free were recruited. Kistler force plates collected running vertical and anteroposterior GRF data. A Hologic Discovery W bone densitometer measured lumbar spine and five regional hip BMD values. Only runners who consistently used a rear foot strike pattern were included (n = 32). Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between BMD values and various GRF values and step-wise multiple regression was run to predict BMD values from the various GRF values. The vertical impact force was significantly correlated with the lumbar spine and four of the five hip BMD values (r \u3e 0.374, p \u3c 0.035). Both the peak early loading rate (ELR) and average ELR were significantly correlated with the lumbar spine and Ward’s triangle BMD (r \u3e 0.430, p \u3c 0.014), while the average active loading rate was correlated only with the Ward’s triangle BMD (r = 0.438, p = 0.012). Multiple regression revealed the peak impact force was the predictor for every hip region BMD other than the trochanter and the average ELR as a predictor for the lumbar spine BMD. The peak braking force was negatively correlated with the Ward’s triangle BMD (r = - 0.414, p = 0.019). It appears that the large forces and loading rates associated with rear foot striking may be advantageous and predictive for BMD at the hip and spine

Chirp subbottom profiler for quantitative sediment analysis

A wide‐band, frequency‐modulated, subbottom profiling system (the chirp sonar) can remotely determine the acoustic attenuation of ocean sediments and produce artifact‐free sediment profiles in real time. The chirp sonar is controlled by a minicomputer which performs analog‐to‐digital and digital‐to‐analog conversion, correlation processing, and attenuation estimation in real time. The minicomputer generates an FM pulse that is phase‐ and amplitude‐compensated to correct for the sonar system response. Such precise waveform control helps suppress correlation noise and source ringing. The chirp sonar, which has an effective bandwidth of 5 kHz, can generate chirp (Klauder) wavelets with a tuning thickness (Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution) of approximately 0.1 ms. After each return is correlated, a computationally fast algorithm estimates the attenuation of subbottom reflections by waveform matching with a theoretically attenuated waveform. This algorithm obtains an attenuation estimate by minimizing the mean‐square error between the autocorrelation function of the theoretically attenuated wavelet and the autocorrelation function of the subbottom reflection. The chirp sonar was tested in Narragansett Bay, R.I. along a line that had been previously cored. Experimental results show that correlation noise from the seafloor reflection was below −60 dB, the quantization noise level, thereby allowing detection of small subbottom impedance contrasts and accurate estimation of attenuation. Attenuation coefficient estimates from this sandy region agree with in‐situ measurements made by other investigators

Abundance and Seasonal Occurrence of Pest Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Residential and Rural Areas of Oahu (Hawaiian Islands)

A trapping network is maintained on Oahu (Hawaiian Islands) for early detection of invading fruit flies. The 359 sites are concentrated around the main ports of entry in the south, the community gardens throughout the island, and the commercial farming areas in Waialua and northeast Oahu. Data on abun- dance and seasonal fluctuation cycles, based on five years (2009-2013) of male lure and protein trapping data, are presented for three species of pest fruit flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), B. dorsalis (Hendel) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Over 87,000 samples yielded 8.5 million flies of the four established species (54.9% B. dorsalis, 43.7% B. cucurbitae, 1.4% C. capitata, plus a few B. latifrons (Hendel)). No new invading species were collected. Trap captures for all three species were highest during summer months each year, with secondary peaks for B. cucurbitae later in the year in rural areas of southern Oahu, related to cucurbit host commercial production. At one site, with coffee in cultivation, C. capitata peaked between October and December. Seasonal cycles of B. dorsalis and C. capitata in residential areas appeared to be determined by the fruiting of ornamental trees and shrubs, including mango, rather than guava for B. dorsalis or coffee for C. capitata. The high correlation between captures of males in male lure traps and females in protein traps for the three species suggests that both attractants can be used to monitor seasonal abundance