ACUTA eNews August 1991, Vol. 20, No. 8

In This Issue President\u27s column Business meeting Regional meetings User groups Director\u27s column Workshop in Atlant

Aubusson, Néoux, Moutier-Rozeille, Saint-Alpinien, Saint-Pardoux-le-Neuf

Identifiant de l'opération archéologique : 2732 Date de l'opération : 2007 (PR) Inventeur(s) : Le Hello Gilles (BEN) Nous avons terminé le report des microtoponymes sur l’intégralité du plan cadastral napoléonien correspondant aux cinq communes concernées par la prospection. Ce travail ouvre d’intéressantes perspectives de recherches et, dans un premier temps, a permis de retrouver sur le terrain quatre mas disparus sur la commune de Moutier-Rozeille : Lissol, Malhons, Badohon et Veyrieras p..

Aubusson, Néoux, Moutier-Rozelle, Saint-Alpinien, Saint-Pardoux-le-Neuf

Identifiant de l'opération archéologique : 2662 Date de l'opération : 2006 (PI) Le temps fort de l'année 2006 aura été le sondage sur le site du Pauquet à Moutier-Rozeille, site daté du Néolithique moyen et d'une grande homogénéité. Deux autres thèmes déjà traités au coup par coup lors des années précédentes ont fait l'objet de recherches plus étendues : les mottes castrales et la frontière naturelle gauloise présumée entre Arvernes et Lémovices sur notre secteur de prospection, prolongée ver..

Lack of efflux mediated quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A.

International audienceSalmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A isolates from human patients in France displaying different levels of resistance to quinolones or fluoroquinolones were studied for resistance mechanisms to these antimicrobial agents. All resistant isolates carried either single or multiple target gene mutations (i.e., in gyrA, gyrB, or parC) correlating with the resistance levels observed. Active efflux, through upregulation of multipartite efflux systems, has also been previously reported as contributing mechanism for other serovars. Therefore, we investigated also the occurrence of non-target gene mutations in regulatory regions affecting efflux pump expression. However, no mutation was detected in these regions in both Typhi and Paratyphi isolates of this study. Besides, no overexpression of the major efflux systems was observed for these isolates. Nevertheless, a large deletion of 2334 bp was identified in the acrS-acrE region of all S. Typhi strains but which did not affect the resistance phenotype. As being specific to S. Typhi, this deletion could be used for specific molecular detection purposes. In conclusion, the different levels of quinolone or FQ resistance in both S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A seem to rely only on target modifications

Detection of colistin resistance in Salmonella enterica using MALDIxin test on the routine MALDI Biotyper Sirius mass spectrometer

Resistance to polymyxins in most Gram-negative bacteria arises from chemical modifications to the lipid A portion of their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediated by chromosomally-encoded mutations or the recently discovered plasmid-encoded mcr genes that have further complicated the landscape of colistin resistance. Currently, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination by broth microdilution, the gold standard for the detection of polymyxin resistance, is time consuming (24 hours) and challenging to perform in clinical and veterinatryveterinary laboratories. Here we present the use of the MALDIxin to detect colistin resistant Salmonella enterica using the MALDxin test on the routine matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) Biotyper Sirius system

Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in New Caledonia

ABSTRACTCarbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-Ab) ranked third, with a frequency of 24.8%, among 202 strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from clinical samples in the main hospital of New Caledonia in 2004. All CR-Ab isolates were analysed by isoelectric focusing, conjugation, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR for the presence of carbapenemase genes. Fifty CR-Ab isolates produced carbapenemase OXA-23. The isolates belonged to a single clone presenting several subtypes, suggesting an endemic situation. This study further illustrates the widespread prevalence of carbapenemase OXA-23-producing CR-Ab isolates in the South Pacific

Development and evaluation of the Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History questionnaire in patients with claudication

BACKGROUND: The Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) is used to estimate walking impairment in patients with peripheral artery disease; however, it faces frequent errors when self-completed and is complex to score. We aimed to validate an alternative, easily scored four-item tool, the Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History (WELCH) questionnaire. METHODS: The WIQ and WELCH were prospectively tested in five centers. We studied 434 patients, among which 298 had a treadmill test (3.2 km/h; 10% slope) to determine their maximum walking time (MWT), and 30 were seen twice during the study period. RESULTS: After self-completion, we found at least one error in 177 WIQ (40.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 36.3%-45.5%) vs 56 WELCH (12.9%; 95% CI, 10.1%-16.4%) questionnaires (P < .0001). When scoring only questionnaires without missing or duplicate answers, 267 WIQ (61.5%; 95% CI, 56.9%-66.0%) vs 393 WELCH (90.6%; 95% CI, 87.4%-93.0%) questionnaires could be scored (P < .001). The median MWT was 233 seconds (interquartile range, 133-654 seconds) for the 298 patients who had a treadmill test. When the 296 patients who had both questionnaire scores available were studied, no difference was found between the Pearson r coefficient of correlation of the WIQ (r = 0.615) and the WELCH (r = 0.653) with MWT (P = .211). In the 30 patients who completed the WELCH twice, correlation was r = 0.839 (P < .001) between the two scores in 22 nonrevascularized patients, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.830 +/- 0.105 (P < .01) to discriminate the eight revascularized from the 22 nonrevascularized patients. CONCLUSIONS: The WELCH questionnaire is a simple tool to estimate walking limitation in patients with suspected peripheral artery disease. It is easily scored by mental calculation. It may help to standardize the estimation of walking limitation in routine clinical practice

Genetic Diversity of Salmonella Derby from the Poultry Sector in Europe

International audienceSalmonella Derby (S. Derby) is emerging in Europe as a predominant serovar in fattening turkey flocks. This serovar was recorded as being predominant in the turkey sector in 2014 in the United Kingdom (UK). Only two years later, in 2016, it was also recorded in the turkey and broiler sectors in Ireland and Spain. These S. Derby isolates were characterised as members of the multilocus sequence type (MLST) profile 71 (ST71). For the first time, we characterise by whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis a panel of 90 S. Derby ST71 genomes to understand the routes of transmission of this emerging pathogen within the poultry/turkey food trade. Selected panel included strains isolated as early as 2010 in five leading European g countries for turkey meat production. Twenty-one of the 90 genomes were extracted from a public database-Enterobase. Five of these originated from the United States (n=3), China (n=1) and Taiwan (n=1) isolated between 1986 and 2016. A phylogenomic analysis at the core-genome level revealed the presence of three groups. The largest group contained 97.5% of the European strains and included both, turkey and human isolates that were genetically related by an average of 35 ± 15 single nucleotide polymorphism substitutions (SNPs). To illustrate the diversity, the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and phages were characteised in 30, S. Derby ST71 genomes, including 11 belonging to this study This study revealed an emergent turkey-related S. Derby ST71 clone circulating in at least five European countries (the UK, Germany, Poland, Italy, and France) since 2010 that causes human gastroenteritis. A matter of concern is the identification of a gyrA mutation involved in resistance to quinolone, present in the Italian genomes. Interestingly, the diversity of phages seems to be related to the geographic origins. These results constitute a baseline for following the spread of this emerging pathogen and identifying appropriate monitoring and prevention measures

WeStat: a Privacy-Preserving Mobile Data Usage Statistics System

The preponderance of smart devices, such as smartphones, has boosted the development and use of mobile applications (apps) in the recent years. This prevalence induces a large volume of mobile app usage data. The analysis of such information could lead to a better understanding of users\u27 behaviours in using the apps they have installed, even more if these data can be coupled with a given context (location, time, date, sociological data...). However, mobile and apps usage data are very sensitive, and are today considered as personal. Their collection and use pose serious concerns associated with individuals\u27 privacy. To reconcile harnessing of data and privacy of users, we investigate in this paper the possibility to conduct privacy-preserving mobile data usage statistics that will prevent any inference or re-identification risks. The key idea is for each user to encrypt their (private and sensitive) inputs before sending them to the data processor. The possibility to perform statistics on those data is then possible thanks to the use of functional encryption, a cryptographic building block permitting to perform some allowed operations over encrypted data. In this paper, we first show how it is possible to obtain such individuals\u27 usage of their apps, which step is necessary for our use case, but can at the same time pose some security problems w.r.t. those apps. We then design our new encryption scheme, adding some fault tolerance property to a recent dynamic decentralized function encryption scheme. We finally show how we have implemented all that, and give some benchmarks