Liège et Design

Dans cet article, à travers l’expérience d’une société, Cork design, on peut voir comment l’innovation peut conduire, peut-être, au développement d’une filière liège traditionnelle mis à mal jusqu’à présent par la concurrence

Effect of post-weld heat treatment on microstructure, hardness and low-temperature impact toughness of electron beam welds of NIFS-HEAT-2 and CEA-J57 heats of V–4Ti–4Cr alloy

Bead-on-plate electron beam welding in high vacuum atmosphere was applied to the plates of NIFS- HEAT-2 and CEA-J57 heats of V–4Ti–4Cr alloy. Effect of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) in the temper- ature range 673–1273 K on the hardness, impact toughness at 77 K and microstructure of weld metal was investigated. After PWHT at 773 K, hardness of weld metal slightly decreases from 180 HV 100 (as-welded state) to ∼170 HV 100 while absorbed energy increases up to ∼10 J showing ductile fracture mode. PWHT at 973 K results in re-hardening of weld metal up to ∼180 HV 100 caused by re-precipitation of Ti–C,O,N precipitates and corresponding decreasing absorbed energy to ∼2 J with brittle fracture mode. PWHT in- between 1073–1273 K results in gradual recovery of hardness towards values comparable with those of base metal. Impact toughness (77 K) of weld metal after PWHT at 1073K is not recovered nether to the value in as-welded state nor to that one of base metal

Impact properties of electron beam welds of V-4Ti-4Cr alloys NIFS-HEAT-2 and CEA-J57

International audienc

Burden of community-acquired and nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in the pediatric population of Western Europe: a scoping review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Rotavirus affects 95% of children worldwide by age 5 years and is the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea. The objective of this review was to estimate the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in the Western European pediatric population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A comprehensive literature search (1999-2010) was conducted in PubMed and other sources (CDC; WHO, others). Data on the epidemiology and burden of RVGE among children < 5 years-old in Western Europe --including hospital-acquired disease--were extracted.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>76 studies from 16 countries were identified. The mean percentage of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases caused by rotavirus ranged from 25.3%-63.5% in children < 5 years of age, peaking during winter. Incidence rates of RVGE ranged from 1.33-4.96 cases/100 person- years. Hospitalization rates for RVGE ranged from 7% to 81% among infected children, depending on the country. Nosocomial RVGE accounted for 47%-69% of all hospital-acquired AGE and prolonged hospital stays by 4-12 days. Each year, RVGE incurred $0.54-$53.6 million in direct medical costs and $1.7-$22.4 million in indirect costs in the 16 countries studied. Full serotyping data was available for 8 countries. G1P[8], G2P[4], G9P[8], and G3P[8] were the most prevalent serotypes (cumulative frequency: 57.2%- 98.7%). Serotype distribution in nosocomial RVGE was similar.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This review confirms that RVGE is a common disease associated with significant morbidity and costs across Western Europe. A vaccine protecting against multiple serotypes may decrease the epidemiological and cost burden of RVGE in Western Europe.</p

A post-traumatic diplopia

International audienc