Covalent functionalization of polycrystalline silicon nanoribbons applied to Pb(II) electrical detection

International audienceAlthough recent studies in the field of nanomaterials have allowed the realization of highly sensitive sensors, research regarding new types of functionalization of nanostructures to reach high selectivity are still missing. Here, a simple electronic device based on polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) nanoribbons used for lead detection is presented. This device is functionalized by reduction of aryl diazonium salts in order to detect heavy metals. The effectiveness of the grafting process and thickness homogeneity of the coating layer were evaluated by XPS and NanoSIMS techniques. The preconcentration of lead (Pb2+) at the surface of the functionalized nanostructures was substantially verified. Finally, electrical characterization of the resistors based on the functionalized nanoribbons, showed that the sensitivity to these species is increased in the concentration ranging from 10−7 to 10−5 mol L−1. This technique could pave the way for use of complexing agents to enhance heavy metal detection

Observations on improving COVID-19 vaccination responses in kidney transplant recipients: heterologous vaccination and immunosuppression modulation

International audienceNo abstract availabl

Lung transplantation for scleroderma lung disease: An international, multicenter, observational cohort study

Background: Due to its multisystemic nature, scleroderma is considered a relative contraindication to lung transplantation at many centers. However, recent studies suggest similar post-transplant outcomes in patients with scleroderma compared to those with other causes of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Furthermore, it remains unknown whether scleroderma-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) influences post-transplant outcomes. Our objective in this study was to assess the indications, survival, and prognostic factors of lung or heart–lung transplantation for scleroderma lung disease. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 90 patients with scleroderma who underwent lung or heart–lung transplantation between 1993 and 2016 at 14 European centers. International criteria were used to diagnose scleroderma. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was diagnosed during right heart catheterization based on international guidelines. Results: Survival rates after 1, 3, and 5 years were 81%, 68%, and 61%, respectively. By univariate analysis, borderline-significant associations with poorer survival were found for female gender (hazard ratio 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99 to 4.50; p = 0.05) and PAH as the reason for transplantation (hazard ratio 1.90; 95% CI 0.96 to 3.92; p = 0.06). When both these factors were present in combination, the risk of death was 3-fold that in males without PAH. The clinical and histologic presentation resembled veno-occlusive disease in 75% of patients with PAH. Conclusions: Post-transplant survival rates and freedom from chronic lung allograft dysfunction in patients with scleroderma were similar to those in patients with other reasons for lung transplantation. Female sex and PAH in combination was associated with lower survival.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Enseigner et apprendre à l'ère de l'intelligence artificielle

International audienceAs part of the Digital Working Group (GTnum) #Scol_IA “Renewal of digital practices and creative uses of digital and AI” we are pleased to present the white paper “Teaching and learning in the era of Artificial Intelligence, Acculturation , integration and creative uses of AI in education”. The white paper edited by Margarida Romero, Laurent Heiser and Alexandre Lepage aims to provide the various educational actors with a diversified perspective both on the issues of acculturation and training in AI and on the resources and feedback from the various research teams and organisations. of scientific culture in the French-speaking countries. A multidisciplinary approach makes it possible to consider the perspectives of researchers in computer science as well as those of education and training sciences, information and communication sciences and the expertise of teaching professionals. and scientific mediation.Dans le cadre du Groupe de Travail numérique (GTnum) #Scol_IA “Renouvellement des pratiques numériques et usages créatifs du numérique et IA” nous sommes heureux de vous présenter le livre blanc “Enseigner et apprendre à l’ère de l’Intelligence Artificielle, Acculturation, intégration et usages créatifs de l’IA en éducation”. Le livre blanc édité par Margarida Romero, Laurent Heiser et Alexandre Lepage vise apporter aux différents acteurs éducatifs un éclairage diversifié tant des enjeux de l’acculturation et formation à l’IA que des ressources et retours d’expérience des différentes équipes de recherche et organismes de culture scientifique de la francophonie. Une approche pluridisciplinaire permet de considérer tant les perspectives des chercheurs en sciences de l’informatique, que celles des sciences de l’éducation et de la formation, les sciences de l’information et la communication et l’expertise des professionnels de l’enseignement et de la médiation scientifique

Effect of Tocilizumab vs Usual Care in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Moderate or Severe Pneumonia

International audienceImportance Severe pneumonia with hyperinflammation and elevated interleukin-6 is a common presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Objective To determine whether tocilizumab (TCZ) improves outcomes of patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia.Design, Setting, and Particpants This cohort-embedded, investigator-initiated, multicenter, open-label, bayesian randomized clinical trial investigating patients with COVID-19 and moderate or severe pneumonia requiring at least 3 L/min of oxygen but without ventilation or admission to the intensive care unit was conducted between March 31, 2020, to April 18, 2020, with follow-up through 28 days. Patients were recruited from 9 university hospitals in France. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis with no correction for multiplicity for secondary outcomes.Interventions Patients were randomly assigned to receive TCZ, 8 mg/kg, intravenously plus usual care on day 1 and on day 3 if clinically indicated (TCZ group) or to receive usual care alone (UC group). Usual care included antibiotic agents, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, vasopressor support, and anticoagulants.Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were scores higher than 5 on the World Health Organization 10-point Clinical Progression Scale (WHO-CPS) on day 4 and survival without need of ventilation (including noninvasive ventilation) at day 14. Secondary outcomes were clinical status assessed with the WHO-CPS scores at day 7 and day 14, overall survival, time to discharge, time to oxygen supply independency, biological factors such as C-reactive protein level, and adverse events.Results Of 131 patients, 64 patients were randomly assigned to the TCZ group and 67 to UC group; 1 patient in the TCZ group withdrew consent and was not included in the analysis. Of the 130 patients, 42 were women (32%), and median (interquartile range) age was 64 (57.1-74.3) years. In the TCZ group, 12 patients had a WHO-CPS score greater than 5 at day 4 vs 19 in the UC group (median posterior absolute risk difference [ARD] −9.0%; 90% credible interval [CrI], −21.0 to 3.1), with a posterior probability of negative ARD of 89.0% not achieving the 95% predefined efficacy threshold. At day 14, 12% (95% CI −28% to 4%) fewer patients needed noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or mechanical ventilation (MV) or died in the TCZ group than in the UC group (24% vs 36%, median posterior hazard ratio [HR] 0.58; 90% CrI, 0.33-1.00), with a posterior probability of HR less than 1 of 95.0%, achieving the predefined efficacy threshold. The HR for MV or death was 0.58 (90% CrI, 0.30 to 1.09). At day 28, 7 patients had died in the TCZ group and 8 in the UC group (adjusted HR, 0.92; 95% CI 0.33-2.53). Serious adverse events occurred in 20 (32%) patients in the TCZ group and 29 (43%) in the UC group (P = .21).Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia requiring oxygen support but not admitted to the intensive care unit, TCZ did not reduce WHO-CPS scores lower than 5 at day 4 but might have reduced the risk of NIV, MV, or death by day 14. No difference on day 28 mortality was found. Further studies are necessary for confirming these preliminary results.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0433180

Effect of anakinra versus usual care in adults in hospital with COVID-19 and mild-to-moderate pneumonia (CORIMUNO-ANA-1): a randomised controlled trial

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Sarilumab in adults hospitalised with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia (CORIMUNO-SARI-1): An open-label randomised controlled trial

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