¿A qué le teme Fidel Castro?

En una reacción propia de la Guerra Fría, Fidel Castro denunció la amenaza de una intervención militar estadounidense y justificó las largas condenas a prisión a los opositores capturados por su pretendida participación en la misma. Estos hechos coincidieron con penas de muerte a tres secuestradores de un ferry para impedir la continuidad de una sucesión de secuestros de aviones y barcos para huir del país. La situación tiene rasgos tan similares a los de la crisis económica y las manifestaciones de protesta del verano de 1994 como para hacer obligado un paralelo entre ambas. El análisis de las amenazas de una intervención militar norteamericana en Cuba durante el periodo 1980-1995 y las medidas adoptadas para impedirlas o afrontarlas muestra que las denuncias sobre nuevos preparativos para una intervención más no han tenido esta vez una respuesta equivalente de los cubanos. El Gobierno de La Habana ha optado por neutralizar esa amenaza con juicios sumarios y condenas injustas a los opositores y ejecuciones desproporcionadas a tres de los secuestradores de un ferry en el puerto habanero. Al comparar la situación actual con la existente durante las violentas protestas ocurridas en el puerto de La Habana en el verano de 1994 y el éxodo de decenas de miles de personas en balsas precarias se observa que en ambas ocasiones confluyen una crisis económica con la falta de esperanza de una población que busca mejorar sus condiciones de vida. Pero esta vez Fidel Castro pretende evitar la repetición de acontecimientos como los de 1994, amedrentando a sus opositores y a quienes intentan salir del país. Para eso cae en continuas violaciones de los derechos humanos, lo que ha provocado una solidaridad internacional sin precedentes con la oposición pacífica, a la vez que ha interrumpido el diálogo político con la Unión Europea (UE) y con los partidarios de levantar las sanciones económicas dentro de Estados Unidos. Paradójicamente, las inversiones, el acceso a mercados externos y mayores ingresos por comercio y turismo hubieran facilitado el manejo y la superación de la crisis económica actual, algo que sin embargo está siendo obstaculizado por las recientes medidas adoptadas por el Gobierno cubano

Hierarchical clustered register file organization for VLIW processors

Technology projections indicate that wire delays will become one of the biggest constraints in future microprocessor designs. To avoid long wire delays and therefore long cycle times, processor cores must be partitioned into components so that most of the communication is done locally. In this paper, we propose a novel register file organization for VLIW cores that combines clustering with a hierarchical register file organization. Functional units are organized in clusters, each one with a local first level register file. The local register files are connected to a global second level register file, which provides access to memory. All intercluster communications are done through the second level register file. This paper also proposes MIRS-HC, a novel modulo scheduling technique that simultaneously performs instruction scheduling, cluster selection, inserts communication operations, performs register allocation and spill insertion for the proposed organization. The results show that although more cycles are required to execute applications, the execution time is reduced due to a shorter cycle time. In addition, the combination of clustering and hierarchy provides a larger design exploration space that trades-off performance and technology requirements.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Modulo scheduling with integrated register spilling for clustered VLIW architectures

Clustering is a technique to decentralize the design of future wide issue VLIW cores and enable them to meet the technology constraints in terms of cycle time, area and power dissipation. In a clustered design, registers and functional units are grouped in clusters so that new instructions are needed to move data between them. New aggressive instruction scheduling techniques are required to minimize the negative effect of resource clustering and delays in moving data around. In this paper we present a novel software pipelining technique that performs instruction scheduling with reduced register requirements, register allocation, register spilling and inter-cluster communication in a single step. The algorithm uses limited backtracking to reconsider previously taken decisions. This backtracking provides the algorithm with additional possibilities for obtaining high throughput schedules with low spill code requirements for clustered architectures. We show that the proposed approach outperforms previously proposed techniques and that it is very scalable independently of the number of clusters, the number of communication buses and communication latency. The paper also includes an exploration of some parameters in the design of future clustered VLIW cores.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

De la familia a la solidaridad mediática. Las contradicciones del diálogo político

En las Éticas del diálogo están adquiriendo especial relevancia las nociones de amistad cívica y solidaridad. Esto demuestra la crisis de fundamento que surge de su confrontación con una realidad social y política en la que no se han reflejado las esperanzas que se habían depositado en las éticas basadas en el diálogo y el consenso, cuyos defensores apelan a la teoría aristotélica a fin de apoyar su concepción del vínculo social fundado sobre la amistad. Sin embargo, la noción aristotélica de “philia” es contradictoria con la amistad cívica y la solidaridad de los teóricos del diálogo, que han desatendido un elemento esencial de la doctrina política aristotélica: la familia como núcleo de la sociabilidad humana.In the Ethics of dialogue are acquiring special significance the notions of civic friendship and solidarity. This demonstrates the foundation crisis arising from their confrontation with a social and political reality in which have not been reflected the hopes that had been deposited in this conception of Ethics based on dialogue and consensus, whose defenders appeal to the theory Aristotelian to support his notion of social ties based on friendship. But Aristotelian notion of “philia” is inconsistent with civic friendship and solidarity of dialogue theorists, who have neglected an essential element of the Aristotelian political doctrine: the family as the nucleus of human sociability

La cuestión “in reparatione corruptae” y el problema de la omnipotencia divina de Pedro Damián a Guillermo de Rimini

En este artículo se presentan algunos de los textos más importantes en el desarrollo de la cuestión de la omnipotencia divina desde su inicio en Pedro Damián hasta los Comentarios a las “Sentencias” de Pedro Lombardo. Los textos se centran en el ejemplo particular de la posibilidad para Dios de restaurar la virginidad a quien la ha perdido como caso, que es utilizado para reflexionar sobre la posibilidad divina de alterar el pasado.This article is an attempt to explain the role of the most important texts in the development of the question of divine omnipotence since Peter Damian to the Commentaries on the “Sentences” of Peter Lombard. In the article I point to the particular example, used by masters, about the possibility for God to restore lost virginity, to thinking about if God can change the past

Locating sensors with fuzzy logic algorithms

In a system formed by hundreds of sensors deployed in a huge area it is important to know the position where every sensor is. This information can be obtained using several methods. However, if the number of sensors is high and the deployment is based on ad-hoc manner, some auto-locating techniques must be implemented. In this paper we describe a novel algorithm based on fuzzy logic with the objective of estimating the location of sensors according to the knowledge of the position of some reference nodes. This algorithm, called LIS (Localization based on Intelligent Sensors) is executed distributively along a wireless sensor network formed by hundreds of nodes, covering a huge area. The evaluation of LIS is led by simulation tests. The result obtained shows that LIS is a promising method that can easily solve the problem of knowing where the sensors are located.Junta de Andalucía P07-TIC-0247

LIS: Localization based on an intelligent distributed fuzzy system applied to a WSN

The localization of the sensor nodes is a fundamental problem in wireless sensor networks. There are a lot of different kinds of solutions in the literature. Some of them use external devices like GPS, while others use special hardware or implicit parameters in wireless communications. In applications like wildlife localization in a natural environment, where the power available and the weight are big restrictions, the use of hungry energy devices like GPS or hardware that add extra weight like mobile directional antenna is not a good solution. Due to these reasons it would be better to use the localization’s implicit characteristics in communications, such as connectivity, number of hops or RSSI. The measurement related to these parameters are currently integrated in most radio devices. These measurement techniques are based on the beacons’ transmissions between the devices. In the current study, a novel tracking distributed method, called LIS, for localization of the sensor nodes using moving devices in a network of static nodes, which have no additional hardware requirements is proposed. The position is obtained with the combination of two algorithms; one based on a local node using a fuzzy system to obtain a partial solution and the other based on a centralized method which merges all the partial solutions. The centralized algorithm is based on the calculation of the centroid of the partial solutions. Advantages of using fuzzy system versus the classical Centroid Localization (CL) algorithm without fuzzy preprocessing are compared with an ad hoc simulator made for testing localization algorithms. With this simulator, it is demonstrated that the proposed method obtains less localization errors and better accuracy than the centroid algorithm.Junta de Andalucía P07-TIC-0247

El debate sobre la modernidad de la filosofía medieval

La controversia secular en torno a la relación entre la filosofía medieval y moderna ha tenido un punto de inflexión en el debate entre Karl Löwith y Hans Blumenberg a propósito de la naturaleza de la secularización. Löwith es continuista pues supone un paralelismo entre el concepto de un Reino de Dios y el sueño secularista de un mundo de perfección inmanente. En cambio, Blumenberg defiende la discontinuidad, pues arguye que la autolegitimación de la Modernidad consiste en una segunda venida del gnosticismo, que resultó de una reacción contra el absolutismo teológico del final de la Edad Media. El propósito de este artículo es examinar críticamente el contexto y algunas de las consecuencias teóricas de este debate.The secular controversy about the relation between modern and medieval philosophy got to a nuclear point in the Löwith-Blumenberg debate about the nature of secularization. Löwith is continuist as draws a parallelism between Christianity's concept of a Kingdom of God and the secularists's dream of a world of immanent perfection. Blumenberg argues for the discontinuity: Modernity consists in the second overcoming of Gnosticism, that resulted from the reaction against the theological absolutism at the end of the Middle Ages. The purpose of this paper is the critical examination of the context and some of the theoretical issues of this debate.peerReviewe