50 research outputs found

    Les Olympiades de Physique

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    Afin de développer l'enseignement expérimental de la physique dans l'enseignement secondaire, la Société Française de Physique et l'Union des Physiciens organisent, avec le soutien de l'État et d'entreprises privées, un concours destiné à récompenser des équipes de lycéens qui réalisent et exploitent des dispositifs expérimentaux. Ce court article essaye de résumer les objectifs de ces "Olympiades de Physique" et leurs résultats, après leurs deux premières années d'existence

    Biological characteristics of sperm in European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis)

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    In brooding mollusc species that incubate larvae before their release in seawater, the biology of gametes remains poorly explored. The present study describes some biological characteristics of sperm of the European flat oyster, a native species that has been over-exploited in the past and is nowadays classified as an endangered species in Europe. Flat oysters were collected by divers in the Rade de Brest (Finistère, France), during its natural reproduction period. Gonadal pH is acidic (6.31 ± 0.10). Spermatozoa are clustered in spermatozeugmata, an acellular structure in which the sperm heads are embedded. After their transfer in seawater, spermatozeugmata have a mean diameter of 64 ± 3 μm and they release free spermatozoa for a mean duration of 21 ± 3 min. Immediately after their release, the mean percentage of motile spermatozoa was 48.5 ± 12.6%. At 10 min after dilution in seawater, movement of spermatozoa was no more observed. Biological characteristics of European flat oyster sperm are compared to those observed in the Pacific oyster, regarding the unique reproductive behaviour of the former species and the role of spermatozoa transfer played by spermatozeugmata. The present results aim to improve the knowledge of reproduction and natural recruitment processes, support conservation and restoration measures and favour the establishment of management protocols of gametes and larvae in this endangered species

    De l'inefficacité du réseau social : des liens sociaux non mobilisés chez les patients atteints de cancer

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    International audienceDe nombreuses études sur les réseaux sociaux portent sur la question des ressources auxquelles un individu peut avoir accès à travers ses relations sociales. En s'intéressant aux réseaux qui ont « fonctionné », elles tentent alors de spécifier les facteurs ayant permis l'accès aux ressources. Mais peu de travaux se sont penchés sur les réseaux ayant échoué à fournir à l'individu le bien ou le service qu'il recherchait. Cet article se propose de discuter de ces réseaux « inefficaces » à travers le cas de patients atteints de cancer recherchant des informations relatives à leur pathologie. Les résultats indiquent que les causes de l'inefficacité du réseau sont à rechercher dans la non mobilisation des liens de la part des malades rencontrés. Un certain nombre de contraintes pèsent sur ces liens empêchant ainsi leur mobilisation

    The detectability of radio emission from exoplanets

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    Like the magnetized planets in our Solar system, magnetized exoplanets should emit strongly at radio wavelengths. Radio emission directly traces the planetary magnetic fields and radio detections can place constraints on the physical parameters of these features. Large comparative studies of predicted radio emission characteristics for the known population of exoplanets help to identify what physical parameters could be the key for producing bright, observable radio emission. Since the last comparative study, many thousands of exoplanets have been discovered. We report new estimates for the radio flux densities and maximum emission frequencies for the current population of known exoplanets orbiting pre-main-sequence and main-sequence stars with spectral types F-M. The set of exoplanets predicted to produce observable radio emission are Hot Jupiters orbiting young stars. The youth of these systems predicts strong stellar magnetic fields and/or dense winds, which are the key for producing bright, observable radio emission. We use a new all-sky circular polarization Murchison Widefield Array survey to place sensitive limits on 200MHz emission from exoplanets, with 3s values ranging from 4.0 to 45.0mJy. Using a targeted Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observing campaign, we also report a 3s upper limit of 4.5mJy on the radio emission from V830 Tau b, the first Hot Jupiter to be discovered orbiting a pre-main-sequence star. Our limit is the first to be reported for the low-frequency radio emission from this source
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