La société alternative et les jeunes

Les jeunes végètent actuellement dans une condition sociale objective d'aliénation à laquelle la société les condamne. Cette aliénation comporte les quatre dimensions suivantes: l'absence de pouvoir, l'absence de signification de la vie, l'absence de normes d'action et l'isolement social. Que ce soit dans les établissements scolaires, sur le marché du travail ou dans le système politique, les jeunes sont condamnés à l'impuissance. Dans ces institutions, ils n'ont pratiquement aucun pouvoir décisionnel ; on les écoute à peine, dans leurs revendications les plus légitimes. Hs ne connaissent plus le sens de leur vie; ils sont en état d'anomie sociale et ils vivent repliés sur eux-mêmes. Le mode de vie qu'ils ont développé, centré souvent sur le plaisir immédiat, sur des activités d'expression, sur les rapports interpersonnels et sur un détachement de la société adulte, les prédispose à être davantage attentifs à une société «alternative» et à ses pratiques innovatrices. En tout cas, c'est dans ce sens-là qu'ils peuvent trouver un certain espoir d'épanouissement.Nowaday young people are vegetating in an alienated social condition to which society has condemned them. This alienation comprises the four following dimensions : absence of power, absence of a meaning to their life, absence of rules of action and social isolation. Young people are rendered powerless, be it in their school, on the work market or in the political system. In those institutions, they practically have no power of decision ; their most legitimate demands are hardly listened to. They have lost the meaning of their life ; they are in a state of social vacuum and they retreat within themselves. The life pattern they have developed, often centered on immediate gratification, expressive activities, on inter-personal relationships and a distancing from the adult society, predisposes them to be more attentive to an "alternative" society and its innovative practices. In any case, this is how they can find a certain hope of development

Possessing the Sacred: Monarchy and Identity in Philip II\u27s Relic Collection at the Escorial

Traditionally, Philip II’s massive relic collection preserved in the palace-monastery of the Escorial has been interpreted as a testimony to the Spanish king’s devotion to the cult of saints, and a proof of his support for the principles of the Tridentine Church. This essay explores some of Philip II’s more political and symbolic uses of relics, and studies their role in the construction of a monarchical, spiritual, and national identity in sixteenth-century Spain

HIGH DUTY CYCLE ECHOLOCATION AND PREY DETECTION ABILITY IN BATS

While most echolocating bats separate pulse and echo in time (low duty cycle bats), a few species separate pulse and echo in frequency (high duty cycle). The type of écholocation is defined by the pattern of signal emission, but many other call variables differ significantly between the two approaches. This study used two complementary experiments to understand the role of flying prey detection ability as a selective force that could explain the diversity of écholocation behaviour in extant bats. I collected data from acoustical measurements of artificial sonar echoes from fluttering targets, and field recordings of hunting behaviour of different bat species. I found that prey detection is improved with increased pulse length and duty-cycle of écholocation calls. Proportionally, high duty cycle bats approached fluttering targets more often (18.6 %) than low duty cycle bats (1.16 %). Pulse length used by low duty cycle bats is limited by functional constraints of their auditory system. The frequency used by a given bat species cannot be explain by prey detection ability. High and low duty cycle bats are syntopic in some habitats, despite the fact that high duty cycle bats are more efficient at detecting flying prey than low duty cycle bats. Competition for flying insects as a food resource does not seem to be shaping the bat assemblage

Distance

The only way to kill the fleas, Mama said, is to pinch them between your fingers and drown them in soapy water. If it\u27s just plain tap, they swim to the rim and escape, she said. If ther\u27s soap, it gets in their lungs and it\u27s all over

Thermal Characteristics of Ground \u3cem\u3ePectoralis Secundus\u3c/em\u3e Turkey Muscle

Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of ground turkey pectoralis secundus muscle were investigated using a line-source apparatus modified to allow determinations upon the sample during transient heating. Samples (51.5g) were heated in a water jacketed cylinder at and to end points of 77, 95, 113, 131, 149, 167, and 185oF and subjected to holding times of 0 or 15 min. The relationship between thermal properties and moisture factors including total moisture, cooking loss, and expressible moisture index was investigated. Thermal conductivity values were similar for samples heated at and to temperatures between 77 and 167oF but tended to decrease for those at 185oF. Holding times did not affect thermal conductivity values. There tended to be close agreement among values for a given end point and these were within ranges reported in the literature. Total moisture gradually decreased for turkey heated to temperatures that ranged from 77 to 149oF. Thereafter a pronounced decrease in total moisture occurred as end points increased. A significant increase in cooking loss was noted between samples heated to 77 and 95oF (P \u3c 0.001) , to 113 and 131oF or 149oF (P \u3c 0.01) , and to 149 \u3c 167 \u3c 185oF (P \u3c 0.05) . Expressible moisture indexes for 77 and 95oF samples were similar and decreased slightly at 113oF. A pronounced decrease occurred for samples at 131oF. With further increase in temperature, little difference was observed. Expressable moisture indexes were similar for the 149, 167, and 185oF end points. Holding time had little if any effect on all parameters measured

L’Alpabem, une association de parents de jeunes adultes avec des symptômes de maladie mentale chronique

L'article présente les étapes de la création et le fonctionnement d'une association de parents de jeunes adultes présentant des symptômes apparentés à la schizophrénie. On y décrit les impacts de l'association sur les attitudes des familles face à la maladie et l'évolution des intervenants psychiatriques responsables des bénéficiaires. Le rayonnement de l'association sur le plan social est également présenté.This article describes the stages encountered in the creation of an association for the parents of young adults with schizophrenia related symptoms. The association's mode of operation is also studied. The association's impact on the families'reactions to the illness is observed as well as the evolution of the psychiatric workers in charge of the beneficiaries. This article also deals with the social influence of such an organization

Un catálogo de las obras de Isidoro de Sevilla conservadas en distintas bibliotecas españolas en el siglo XVI

The Spanish humanist Arias Montano developed several official tasks during his stay in Antwerp (1568-1575). Montano also collaborated from the beginning in the edition of the complete works of Saint Isidoro de Sevilla. In that period the project had just begun: the first step was to elaborate a catalogue of the printed and manuscript works of Isidoro kept in Spanish libraries. When that catalogue was finished, it was sent to Montano and kept in the printing office of Christophe Plantin. In this article we edit this important document and study the historical and religious context to with it belongs

Isolation and characterization of gelatin-binding proteins from goat seminal plasma

A family of proteins designated BSP-A1, BSP-A2, BSP-A3 and BSP-30 kDa (collectively called BSP proteins for Bovine Seminal Plasma proteins) constitute the major protein fraction in the bull seminal plasma. These proteins interact with choline phospholipids on the sperm surface and play a role in the membrane stabilization (decapacitation) and destabilization (capacitation) process. Homologous proteins have been isolated from boar and stallion seminal plasma. In the current study we report the isolation and preliminary characterization of homologous proteins from goat seminal plasma. Frozen semen (-80°C) was thawed and centrifuged to remove sperm. The proteins in the supernatant were precipitated by the addition of cold ethanol. The precipitates were dissolved in ammonium bicarbonate and lyophilised. The lyophilised proteins were dissolved in phosphate buffer and loaded onto a gelatin-agarose column, which was previously equilibrated with the same buffer. The column was successively washed with phosphate buffer, with phosphate buffer saline and with 0.5 M urea in phosphate buffer saline to remove unadsorbed proteins, and the adsorbed proteins were eluted with 5 M urea in phosphate buffer saline. Analysis of pooled, dialysed and lyophilised gelatin-agarose adsorbed protein fraction by SDS-PAGE indicated the presence of four protein bands that were designated GSP-14 kDa, GSP-15 kDa, GSP-20 kDa and GSP-22 kDa (GSP, Goat Seminal Plasma proteins). Heparin-affinity chromatography was then used for the separation of GSP-20 and -22 kDa from GSP-14 and -15 kDa. Finally, HPLC separation permitted further isolation of each one from the other. Amino acid sequence analysis of these proteins indicated that they are homologous to BSP proteins. In addition, these BSP homologs bind to hen's egg-yolk low-density lipoproteins. These results together with our previous data indicate that BSP family proteins are ubiquitous in mammalian seminal plasma, exist in several forms in each species and possibly play a common biological role

Análisis de medidas de salinidad cerca de islas de la plataforma continental francesa del Golfo de Vizcaya

The Bay of Biscay is characterised by large fresh water inputs from two major rivers, the Loire and the Gironde, with a mean discharge of about 900 m3/s. To describe the spatial and temporal variability of the Loire and Gironde plumes, continuous salinity measurements were made at 4 locations on French coastal islands over periods lasting at least two years. These islands are located at a distance from the large local gradients linked to local inputs. Whereas sea surface salinity in the centre of the Bay of Biscay is 35.6, salinities at the coast vary between about 35 in summer to occasionally less than 30 in late winter or in spring. Minimum salinities do not occur at the same time along the coast, indicating a strong spatial gradient. Near the Loire and Gironde estuaries, a strong temporal correlation between discharges and salinity variation appears. Far from the estuaries, some drops in salinity seem to be correlated with a change of wind regime. In summer, a general decrease from north to south is found along the coast and may be linked to northwesterly wind conditions, which drive surface water to SW of the bay. These data constitute the first set of time series of salinity. They will be pursued to assess the interannual variability which is presumed to be high because of the large variability in river discharges and wind regimes.El golfo de Vizcaya se caracteriza por los importantes aportes de agua dulce que recibe de dos grandes ríos, Loira y Garona, de un caudal medio de 900m3/s. Para medir la variabilidad espacial y temporal de estas plumas, se han realizado medidas continuas de salinidad en 4 puntos situados en sendas islas de la costa francesa durante períodos mínimos de dos años. Estas islas están alejadas de los fuertes gradientes relacionados con aportes locales. Mientras que la salinidad en la superficie del mar en el centro del golfo es de 35.6, en la costa oscila entre 35 en verano y menos de 30 en ciertos momentos al final del invierno o durante la primavera. Los mínimos de salinidad no se dan simultáneamente a lo largo de toda la costa, lo que indica un fuerte gradiente espacial. Cerca de los estuarios, ciertas disminuciones de salinidad parecen estar correlacionadas con cambios en los regímenes de viento. En verano se observa una disminución general desde el norte hacia el sur a lo largo de la costa y que puede estar relacionada con unas condiciones de viento del noroeste que conduce el agua de la superficie hacia el sudoeste del golfo. Estos datos constituyen el primer conjunto de series temporales de salinidad cuyo estudio se continuará para evaluar la variabilidad interanual que se supone elevada debido a la fuerte variabilidad de las descargas de los ríos y de los regímenes de viento