Study of vaginal microbiota in postmenopausal women with surgical correction of genital prolapse

The study of the vaginal microflora of women with genital prolapse (GP), who are ref erred to surgical treatment, is of particular importance. Infectious and inflammatory complications after the surgical correction of GP significantly increase the recovery time, the length of the patient’s hospital stay and the cost of treatment. It is important to be able to change the qualitative composition of microflora, thereby exerting a beneficial effect on the course of the postoperative period, affecting the outcome of surgical treatment. Evaluation of the vaginal microbiota by real-time polymerase chain reaction in postmenopausal women with surgical correction of genital prolapse against the background of using low-dose local therapy regimens with a drug containing estriol, progesterone and Lactobacillus culture

Molecular genetic determinants of stress urinary incontinence in women: Prospective comparative study

Aim. To identify the molecular genetic determinants of stress urinary incontinence (UI) in women. Materials and methods. A comparative study involving 120 women was conducted. Group 1 (main group) included 80 women with UI. Group 2 (comparison group) included 40 women without UI. Statistic data processing was performed using the Excel software package, SPP Statistics 22.0, Statistica for Windows 10 (TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA). The mean and standard deviation were reported for quantitative variables with a normal distribution. The statistical hypotheses on the absence of intergroup differences for quantitative variables with normal distribution were verified using Student's test. The absolute and relative values (in percent) were reported for qualitative variables. The chi-square test was used to verify the statistical hypotheses. Results. Molecular genetic predictors of UI in women are the carriage of polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor gene ESR1:-351_G and the type I collagen gene COL1A1:1546_T. These polymorphisms can be considered as genotypes of "risk" since their carriage is associated with an increased risk of UI. Conclusion. Genetically determined disorders of the estrogen receptor function and type I collagen synthesis can be one of the essential mechanisms of stress incontinence occurrence. Studying molecular genetic determinants of stress incontinence can provide a deeper understanding of its pathogenetic mechanisms and develop a personalized approach to surgical correction

Uterine microbiome in women with uterine scar defect after cesarean section: Prospective cohort study

Aim. To evaluate the endometrial microbiota in patients with uterine scar defect after cesarean section. Materials and methods. The study included 80 women of reproductive age. The main group included 50 patients with a uterus scar defect due to cesarean section; the comparison group included 30 women with a competent uterus scar due to cesarean section. Patients underwent a Pipelle endometrial biopsy on days 2022 of the menstrual cycle using a double-lumen catheter that excludes sample contamination with vaginal and cervical microflora. A molecular genetic study of the endometrium was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using the Femoflor 16 reagent kit (DNA-Technology Moscow). The DNA content in the specimen was measured using software and expressed in genome equivalent (GE) proportional to the number of microorganisms. The statistical data were processed using the Exсel software package and SPSS Statistics 22.0. Results. The study showed the following statistically significant differences: lower count of Lactobacillus spp. 2.600 (1.4303.600) GE/mL vs 3.550 (2.8004.700) GE/mL in patients of the comparison group (p=0.02); higher count of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus spp. 3.270 (3.0003.700) GE/mL and 3.450 (3.2003.600) GE/mL vs 1.030 (0.7601.700) GE/mL and 0.560 (0.1201.200) GE/mL in the comparison group, respectively (p0.00001); higher count of Enterobacteriaceae 2.700 (1.7003.300) GE/mL vs 0.950 (0.6601.120) GE/mL in the comparison group (p0.00001); higher count of Gardnerella/Prevotellabivia/Porphyromonas spp. 2.310 (0.9303.480) GE/mL vs 1.000 (0.0001.860) GE/mL (p=0.003); higher count of Peptostreptococcus spp. 0.195 (0.0001.560) GE/mL vs 0.000 (0.000-0.000) GE/mL (p=0.032); Eubacterium spp. 1.355 (0.1002.460) GE/mL vs 0.000 (0.0001.560) GE/mL (p=0.040). Conclusion. Endometrial dysbiosis in patients with a uterus scar defect after cesarean section due to the possible effects of microorganisms can be considered one of the leading causes of the formation of a uterus scar defect in the postoperative period

Synthesis of six-coordinate mono-, bis-, and tris(tetrazolato) complexes via [3 + 2] cycloadditions of nitriles to silicon-bound azido ligands

A convenient synthetic route to poly(tetrazolato) silicon complexes is described based on the four reactive centres of the N-rich, highly endothermic tetraazides of the type Si(N3)4(L2). Hypercoordinate azido(tetrazolato) silicon complexes Si(N3)2(N4C-R)2(L2), R = CH3, C6H5, 4-C6H4CH3 (4a, 5, 6, 7) and Si(N3)2(N4C-L)2 (9, L = 2-C5H4N), L2 = 2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, with SiN6 skeletons were synthesised via multiple [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition reactions starting from Si(N3)4(L2) and a nitrile. The isolated new complexes were characterised by standard analytical methods, single crystal X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (4a,b). Tetrazolato ligand linkage isomerism was observed for complex 4a. The crystallographically characterised methyl tetrazolato complexes and plausible configurational and linkage isomers were evaluated by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level

Exclusive Distribution Agreement and Franchise Agreement

Bakalaura darba mērķis ir izpētīt jautājumu par ekskluzīvās izplatīšanas vienošanos un franšīzes līgumu, attiecības starp līguma slēdzējiem, līgumu vietu vertikālo un izplatīšanas līgumu grupās un svarīgākās juridiskās problēmas. Galvenie tiesību aboti ir Romas Līgums, vairākas Eiropas Savienības regulas, Soft Law kā Eiropas Līgumu tiesību principi, Eiropas Līgumu tiesību principi attiecībā uz komercaģenta, franšīzes un izplatīšanas līgumu, UNIDROIT informācijas par franšīzi sniegšanas parauglikums, kā arī Latvijas Konkurences likums, Ministru Kabineta noteikumi un citi. Bakalaura darba sākumā ir raksturoti pamatprincipi (kopējais tirgus, brīva konkurence) kā abu līgumu tiesiskās koncepcijas bāze. Tad seko vertikālo un izplatīšanas līgumu analīze. Tiesu lietu izpētei ir svarīga loma bakaura darbā. Grundig-Consten, Silhouette, Davidoff un Pronuptia ir galvenie apskatīto tiesu lietu piemēri. Darba beigās īpaša uzmanība veltīta ekskluzīvās izplatīšanas vienošanās un franšīzes līgumu apskatam. Galvenie priekšlikumi ir saistīti ar franšīzes līguma regulējumu Latvijas Komerclikumā, piemēram, franšīzes līguma definīcijas paplašināšana vai fransizes devēja atbildības paaugstināšana, izmainot informacijas par franšīzi sniegšanas termiņu.The Bachelor Thesis’ object was to examine an issue about exclusive distribution agreement and franchise agreement, the relationships between concluders of the agreement, the place of agreements in vertical and distribution groups of agreements and the significant legal problems. The main legal sources are the Rome Treaty, several European Union regulations, Soft Law as The Principles of European Contract Law, Principles of European Law on Commercial Agency, Franchise and Distribution Contract, UNIDROIT Model Franshise Disclosure Law, as well as The Commercial Law of Latvia, Law of Competition of Latvia, Regulations issued by the Cabinet and others. In the beginning of the Bachelor Thesis the main principles (common market, free competition) are described as the basis of the legal conception of both agreements. Then follows the analisys of vertical and distribution agreements. The examination of cases has an essential importance in the bachelor Thesis. Grundig-Consten, Silhouette, Davidoff and Pronuptia are the main examples of cases dealt with. At the end of the Thesis a special study on exclusive distribution agreement and franchise agreement is made. The main suggestions are connected with regulation of franchise agreement in The Commerce Law of Latvia, for example enlarging of the definition of franchise agreement or to increase the franchisors responsibility by changing the term of information disclosure about the franchising agreement

Legal regulation and problems of Software as a service delivery agreement

Informācijas laikmetā aizvien lielāku nozīmi iegūst informācijas tehnoloģijas un to kvalitāte. Aptuveni 27 % pasaules iedzīvotāju lieto internetu un attiecīgi arī kādu programmatūru. Interneta radītās brīvās datu plūsmas dēļ ir sarežģīti noteikt datu atrašanās vietu, izsekot drošības prasību, kuras arī dažkārt ir neskaidras, realizācijai un atrast piemērojamās tiesību normas. Programmatūras kā pakalpojuma nodrošināšanas līgums (SaaS) ir viens no IT fenomeniem - komplekss IT līgums, kas paredz programmatūras kā pakalpojuma nodrošināšanu klientam caur interneta pieslēgumu. Cloud Computing ir nākamā SaaS attīstības pakāpe. Atšķirībā no tradicionālā modeļa, klientam nav nepieciešama sava IT infrastruktūra un atsevišķa programmatūras instalācija. Maģistra darbā „Programmatūras kā pakalpojuma nodrošināšanas līguma normatīvais regulējums un problēmas” analizēts esošais regulējums, tā galvenās problēmas, tiesu prakse un galvenās tendences. Galvenās problēmas ir saistītas ar programmatūras kvalifikāciju kā preci, pakalpojumu vai sui generis; datu aizturēšanu; atbildību par programmatūras kvalitāti; datu drošību un datu glabāšanu. Autore darba rezultātā ir nonākusi pie vairākiem priekšlikumiem, sākot ar ieteikumiem līgumu sastādīšanā un beidzot ar normatīvo aktu (Civillikuma, Patērētāju tiesību aizsardzības likuma, likuma „Par grāmatvedību”) grozījumu priekšlikumiem. Ir ierosināts izveidot atsevišķu Informācijas un komunikāciju tiesību nozari, kā arī specializētu Informācijas un komunikāciju tiesību tiesu Latvijā.In the era of information information technologies and their quality become more and more significant. Approximately 27 % of world population uses Internet as well as some software. Due to the free data flow ensured by Internet Access it is hard to determine the data location and therefore the safety standards, which are unclear, cannot be easily traced, and the applicable law in unclear. Software as a service (SaaS) delivery agreement is one of IT phenomenon – complex IT contract, envisaging provision of software as a service to customers by Internet means. Cloud Computing is the next SaaS development level. Customer need no IT infrastructure or software installation, what is different from traditional model. In Master’s Thesis “Legal regulation and problems of Software as a service delivery agreement” there have been analyzed existing legal regulation, the main problems, case law as well as the actual tendencies. Important problems discussed are software qualification as a service, good or sui generis; data detention; liability about software quality; data security and hosting. As a result of Master’s Thesis completion the author has proposed several suggestions and conclusions regarding contract drafting, necessary amendments in legal acts (Civil Code, Consumer Protection Law, Law On Accountancy). Additionally, it is suggested to create a separate Information and communication legal sector, as well as specialized Information and communication court in Latvia