21 research outputs found
Arabidopsis S2Lb links AtCOMPASS-like and SDG2 activity in H3K4me3 independently from histone H2B monoubiquitination.
The functional determinants of H3K4me3, their potential dependency on histone H2B monoubiquitination, and their contribution to defining transcriptional regimes are poorly defined in plant systems. Unlike in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where a single SET1 protein catalyzes H3K4me3 as part of COMPlex of proteins ASsociated with Set1 (COMPASS), in Arabidopsis thaliana, this activity involves multiple histone methyltransferases. Among these, the plant-specific SET DOMAIN GROUP 2 (SDG2) has a prominent role.
We report that SDG2 co-regulates hundreds of genes with SWD2-like b (S2Lb), a plant ortholog of the Swd2 axillary subunit of yeast COMPASS. We show that S2Lb co-purifies with the AtCOMPASS core subunit WDR5, and both S2Lb and SDG2 directly influence H3K4me3 enrichment over highly transcribed genes. S2Lb knockout triggers pleiotropic developmental phenotypes at the vegetative and reproductive stages, including reduced fertility and seed dormancy. However, s2lb seedlings display little transcriptomic defects as compared to the large repertoire of genes targeted by S2Lb, SDG2, or H3K4me3, suggesting that H3K4me3 enrichment is important for optimal gene induction during cellular transitions rather than for determining on/off transcriptional status. Moreover, unlike in budding yeast, most of the S2Lb and H3K4me3 genomic distribution does not rely on a trans-histone crosstalk with histone H2B monoubiquitination.
Collectively, this study unveils that the evolutionarily conserved COMPASS-like complex has been co-opted by the plant-specific SDG2 histone methyltransferase and mediates H3K4me3 deposition through an H2B monoubiquitination-independent pathway in Arabidopsis
Regulation of Pol I-Transcribed 45S rDNA and Pol III-Transcribed 5S rDNA in Arabidopsis
International audienc
Learning collaboration in General Internal Medicine: a pilot project for undergraduate students in nursing, physiotherapy and medicine
Background: A form of education called Interprofessional Education
(IPE) occurs when two or more professions learn with, from and about
each other. The purpose of IPE is to improve collaboration and the
quality of care. Today, IPE is considered as a key educational approach
for students in the health professions. IPE is highly effective when
delivered in active patient care, such as in clinical placements. General
internal medicine (GIM) is a core discipline where hospital-based
clinical placements are mandatory for students in many health
professions. However, few interprofessional (IP) clinical placements in
GIM have been implemented. We designed such a placement.
Placement design: The placement took place in the Department
of Internal Medicine at the CHUV. It involved students from nursing,
physiotherapy and medicine. The students were in their last year before
graduation. Students formed teams consisting of one student from each
profession. Each team worked in the same unit and had to take care of
the same patient. The placement lasted three weeks. It included formal
IP sessions, the most important being facilitated discussions or
"briefings" (3x/w) during which the students discussed patient care and
management. Four teams of students eventually took part in this
project.
Method: We performed a type of evaluation research called formative
evaluation. This aimed at (1) understanding the educational experience
and (2) assessing the impact of the placement on student learning. We
collected quantitative data with pre-post clerkship questionnaires. We
also collected qualitative data with two Focus Groups (FG) discussions
at the end of the placement. The FG were audiotaped and transcribed.
A thematic analysis was then performed.
Results: We focused on the qualitative data, since the quantitative
data lacked of statistical power due to the small numbers of students
(N = 11). Five themes emerged from the FG analysis: (1) Learning
of others' roles, (2) Learning collaborative competences, (3) Striking
a balance between acquiring one's own professional competences
and interprofessional competences, (4) Barriers to apply learnt IP
competences in the future and (5) Advantages and disadvantages
of IP briefings.
Conclusions: Our IP clinical placement in GIM appeared to help
students learn other professionals' roles and collaborative skills. Some
challenges (e.g. finding the same patient for each team) were identified
and will require adjustments
Effectiveness of simulation in psychiatry for nursing students, nurses and nurse practitioners: A systematic review and meta-analysis
International audienceAims: Mental disorders constitute one of the main causes of disease and disability worldwide. While nurses are often at the frontline of mental health care, they have limited access to dedicated psychiatric training opportunities. Simulation training may foster the development of the appropriate competencies required when supporting people with mental disorders. To evaluate the effectiveness of simulation training in psychiatry for nursing students, nurses and nurse practitioners. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: Eight electronic databases, trial registries, key journals and reference lists of selected studies were searched from inception to August 20, 2020 without language restriction. Review Methods: We included randomized and non-randomized controlled studies and single group pre/post studies. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 was used for randomized controlled study appraisal, and the Medical Education Research Study Quality instrument was completed for all other studies. Meta-analysis was restricted to randomized controlled studies. The other studies were synthesized narratively. The main outcomes were based on Kirkpatrick levels. Results: A total of 118 studies (6738 participants) were found. Interventions included simulated patients (n = 55), role-plays (n = 40), virtual reality (n = 12), manikins (n = 9) and voice simulations (n = 9). Meta-analyses based on 11 randomized controlled studies found a significant large effect size on skills at immediate post-test for simulation compared with active control; and a small and medium effect size on learners’ attitudes for simulation compared with inactive control, at immediate post-test and at three-month follow-up respectively. Three quarters of non-randomized controlled studies and pre/post-tests assessing attitudes and skills showed significant differences, and three quarters of participants in randomized controlled studies and pre/post-tests showed significant differences in behaviours. Among the few studies assessing people with mental health outcomes, almost all reported significant differences. Conclusion: These findings support the effectiveness of simulation training in psychiatric nursing throughout professional development grades, despite heterogeneity in methods and simulation interventions
Underground and Underwater: Oil Security in France and Britain during the Cold War
International audienceIn the first half of the Cold War several administrations in Western Europe sought to increase the amount of oil and gas that could be made available to their countries. These arrangements aimed to boost their national economies but they were also vital to energy security and molded the management of new discoveries and supplies of hydrocarbons at home and abroad. This paper focuses in particular on the plans outlined by the governments of two former imperial powers, France and Britain; their relationships with the superpowers; and those with neighboring partners and rivals. It shows how these administrations used different strategies of surveillance and diplomacy to gain and retain control of, and access to, strategically vital oil-rich areas, especially those in Algeria and in the North Sea. We conclude that geological exploration, and in particular oil prospecting, became another tool for nations long accustomed to intelligence gathering and surveying in the imperial context, to cater for their national energy security