Gobernanza portuaria, principales trayectorias

El transporte marítimo afronta una nueva etapa de liberalización y desregulación conformando un innovador “mallaje” de distribución y almacenamiento de sus productos y servicios. Cada vez es mayor el proceso de concentración empresarial y centralización geográfica de las compañías marítimas de líneas regulares y de los operadores portuarios. Esta mayor concentración coincide con una nueva re-definición de las competencias de los puertos. Las nuevas funciones y el mayor alcance en las operaciones logísticas y de integración con los otros modos de transporte contribuyen a modificar las economías territoriales y al establecimiento de nuevas trayectorias de gobernanza y de partenariado público/privado en los recintos portuarios. ____________________________________________Maritime transport faces a new stage of liberalisation and deregulation, aimed at establishing a network of delivery and storage of both products and services. Shipping lines and port operators are increasingly focused on business and geographically centralised. This greater concentration coincides with a new redefinition of port competences. These new functions and the higher involvement in logistics and integration with other means of transport contributes to modify territorial economies, as well as to establish new trends as regards governance and public/private share in ports

Spanish regions and sustainable development: measurement of advances from rio to johannesburg through multidimensional synthetic indexes

In the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), the bases for a world sustainable development were set. Ten years later it took place in Johannesburg the World Summit on Sustainable Development, where it was discussed about the fulfilled advances and it favoured actions for century XXI. This document analyses the concern on sustainability in the Spanish regions by means of the creation of a global synthetic index of sustainable development that fulfils three conditions: it is adapted to Pressure-State-Answer principles, it adopts the Local Agenda 21 mandates and it fits in the four basic dimensions of sustainability: institutional, environmental, economic and social. Over the calculation of the changes taken place in the aforementioned decade in a set of selected variables – grouped in indicators and sub-indicators and classified according to the four dimensions aforementioned in the sustainable development – it is proceeded to the estimation of the synthetic index for the Spanish Autonomous Regions, what is useful as an instrument of analysis to make those regions hierarchical according to their degree of adaptation to the sustainability commitment developed in the Summit in Rio. JEL Classification: Q2, R1 Key Words: Sustainable development, regional analysis, Spain

Modelos de gestión de la política pesquera comunitaria: un proceso histórico

Este trabajo desarrolla las bases de la ordenación pesquera y, más concretamente, los principios de la gestión pesquera instaurada por la Unión Europea en el marco de la Política Pesquera Común (PPC). Se evalúa, en primer término, la coherencia entre los instrumentos y los fines a alcanzar, subrayando los distintos desajustes en las acciones implementadas que afectan a la conservación, regulación y gestión de los stocks pesqueros. Además, se enfatiza sobre las opciones de futuro para definir las nuevas estrategias de la regulación pesquera al amparo de los nuevos principios ecosistémicos y de precaución. Finalmente, se definen los nuevos posicionamientos de los agentes de cara a la reforma de la PPC.This article develops the bases of fishery regulation, and more specifically, the principles of the fishery management established by the European Union within the framework of the Common Fisheries Policy. The coherence between tools and purposes is examined by highlighting the different imbalances in those actions implemented affecting to the preservation, regulation and management of fish stocks. Finally, the author underlines the future options in order to define the new strategies of fishery management under the new ecosystem and precautionary principles. Likewise, the new positions of actors are defined in the light of the CFP reform.Fil: González Laxe, Fernando. Universidad de Coruña. Instituto Universitario Estudios Marítimos; España

Examination of management models in the common fisheries policy

This paper analyses the historical development of fisheries management systems within the framework of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP): how resources are managed, how tasks are allocated by the Commission, and how quotas must be implemented. Early developments were based on the control of the fleet, aiming at the best compliance regarding catches by removing the overcapacity derived from the imbalance fleet/resources. The next developments focus on the allocation of national quotas and financial subsidies. Lastly, from the 2002 reform, the developments focus on managing the fishing effort according to the precautionary principle and the implementation of individual fishing rights. The document also deals with the different criteria implemented to strengthen this more and more open and competitive sector, with more liability for producers. Finally, the author places particular emphasis on how to establish the different positions related to decision-making processes all through the period from 1983 to 2009, mainly with regard to micromanagement and regionalisation of fisheries. These recommendations would mean a change of mentality in reference to the principles of the Common Fisheries Policy.peer-reviewe

Maritime transport and trade : the impact of European transport policy. An overview of maritime freight transport patterns

In order to unblock major transport routes and to ensure sustainable mobility, the changing of freight road to rail or maritime transport is an European Union objective. The increasing seaborne transport, the growing process of containerization and building an infrastructure for regular maritime lines and increasing Short Sea Shipping draws a scene with maritime sector of companies of major size, as a result, in many occasions, of mergers and acquisitions. These dynamics seems to draw a new stage, with more concentrated markets. In this paper we intend to make an approach to the levels of concentration of maritime transport in Europe, trying to find a possible connection between new market structure in the maritime transport sector and the new economic situation promoted by European Transport Policy rules.peer-reviewe

Social inclusion of people with disabilities in traditional universities from the point of view of their peers: A gender perspective

[Resumo]: A inclusión social das persoas con discapacidade é unha dás prioridades das sociedades avanzadas, pero esta so se pode acadar plenamente en contornos normalizados. Se ben os xóvenes con discapacidade están accedendo de forma crecente á educación, fano maioritariamente nas universidades abertas ou á distancia, de xeito que a súa inclusión educativa non vai acompañada coa socialización universitaria cos pares. Para acadar este obxectivo é preciso, como se amosa na literatura, dispor dun entorno amigable que o favoreza. Neste traballo estúdase a predisposición favorable entre os estudantes universitarios nas universidades presenciais. Fíxose un traballo empírico en varias titulacións na Universidade Da Coruña durante os cursos (2009-2010, 2010-2011, 2011-2012) e realizouse unha comparativa entre sexos, obtendo como resultado unha maior implicación das mulleres que dos homes, destacando así a importancia do xénero como un elemento diferenciador.[Abstract]: Social inclusion of people with disabilities is a priority of advanced societies, but this can only be achieved fully in standardized environments. Although young people with disabilities are increasingly accessing to education, they do mostly in open or distance universities, so that educational inclusion is not accompanied with university socialization with peers. To achieve this goal it is necessary, as the literature shows, have an environment that favors friendly. In this paper we study the favorable attitude among college students in universities face to face. The empirical work was done in various degrees at the University of A Coruña during the courses (2009-2010, 2010-2011, 2011-2012) and performed a comparison between sexes, resulting in greater involvement women than men, highlighting the importance of gender as a differentiator.Artícul

TRANSPORT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - IMPACT OF THE SYSTEMS OF POPULATION MOBILITY AND GOODS ON THE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT IN GALICIA (SPAIN)

Although the calculation of indicators of sustainable development is increasing on both national and global levels, its implementation to the regional analysis is still very incipient, especially regarding those indicators that are considered as measures of the strong sustainability. Some recent researches have determined that the ecological footprint in Galicia reaches 7.01 hectares per capita, much higher than the Spanish one (4.90) or the world average (2.18). Among others, one of the main reasons of this figure for this indicator in this specific Spanish region is the excessive contribution of the footprint of energy (2.18 hectares per capita), and, in this group, the significant weight of the means and methods of transport that are used. This document deals with the analysis of this specific component of the ecological footprint in Galicia from different perspectives: first, the influence of using an intensive transport of goods on the combustion of fossil fuels to the detriment of other more sustainable transports; secondly, the mobility habits of the population (both acquired or imposed as there are no alternatives); and, finally, some reflections about the structural reasons of this behaviour

Spanish regions and sustainable development: measurement of advances from rio to johannesburg through multidimensional synthetic indexes

In the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), the bases for a world sustainable development were set. Ten years later it took place in Johannesburg the World Summit on Sustainable Development, where it was discussed about the fulfilled advances and it favoured actions for century XXI. This document analyses the concern on sustainability in the Spanish regions by means of the creation of a global synthetic index of sustainable development that fulfils three conditions: it is adapted to Pressure-State-Answer principles, it adopts the Local Agenda 21 mandates and it fits in the four basic dimensions of sustainability: institutional, environmental, economic and social. Over the calculation of the changes taken place in the aforementioned decade in a set of selected variables – grouped in indicators and sub-indicators and classified according to the four dimensions aforementioned in the sustainable development – it is proceeded to the estimation of the synthetic index for the Spanish Autonomous Regions, what is useful as an instrument of analysis to make those regions hierarchical according to their degree of adaptation to the sustainability commitment developed in the Summit in Rio. JEL Classification: Q2, R1 Key Words: Sustainable development, regional analysis, Spai