Ground Water Management by Streambed Dams for the Upper Big Sioux River Basin

The general objective of this research was to define the problems and to offer possible solutions associated with the development of a ground water management plan for the Upper Big Sioux River Basin. The investigation was primarily an evaluation of existing literature and data. The available information was collected and evaluated for the specific objectives: 1. Determination of the type of information that would be required for the development of an acceptable plan for ground water management in the basin. 2. Determination of the beneficial or adverse effects that may occur in the river basin as a result of raising the groundwater table by the use of streambed dams. A preliminary judgment of the need for and the feasibility of this type of a plan was also made. No actual data were taken nor field measurements made. The collection of such information would be accomplished during future investigations if this analysis indicated that continued study was desirable or feasible

A Study of Two Facultative Lagoons for Municipal Wastewater Treatment in Iowa

Two 2-celled facultative lagoons, comparable in design and serving small communities in rural Iowa, were studied for seven consecutive summer weeks. Chemical and physical parameters of water quality were monitored in samples taken from influent and effluent structures and at two depths and three to six locations in each cell. The composition and density of the phytoplankton was monitored, and total and fecal coliform counts were made. A diurnal study showed wide fluctuations in the chemical composition of influent wastewater. The quality of effluent water was comparable for the two lagoons although one was loaded to design capacity and the other to half capacity. During the study period, both lagoons met the Iowa standards and approached the EPA standards

Using confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate construct validity of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)

Context: The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is a frequently used instrument designed to assess the patient-reported outcome of pain. The majority of factor analytic studies have found a two-factor (i.e., pain intensity and pain interference) structure for this instrument; however, because the BPI was developed with an a priori hypothesis of the relationship among its items, it follows that construct validity investigations should use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Objectives: The purpose of this work was to establish the construct validity of the BPI using a CFA framework and demonstrate factorial invariance using a range of demographic variables. Methods: A retrospective CFA was completed in a sample of individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and cancer (n = 364; 63% male; age 21-92 years, M = 51.80). A baseline one-factor model was compared against two-factor and three-factor models (i.e., pain intensity, activity interference, and affective interference) that were developed based on the hypothetical design of the instrument. Results: Fit indices for the three-factor model were statistically superior when compared with the one-factor model and marginally better when compared with the two-factor model. This three-factor structure was found to be invariant across disease, age, and ethnicity groups. Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence to support a three-factor representation of the BPI, and the originally hypothesized two-factor structure. Such findings will begin to provide clinical trialists, pharmaceutical sponsors, and regulators with confidence in the psychometric properties of this instrument when considering its inclusion in clinical research

Reliability of adverse symptom event reporting by clinicians

Purpose Adverse symptom event reporting is vital as part of clinical trials and drug labeling to ensure patient safety and inform risk-benefit decision making. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of adverse event reporting of different clinicians for the same patient for the same visit. Methods A retrospective reliability analysis was completed for a sample of 393 cancer patients (42.8% men; age 26-91, M = 62.39) from lung (n = 134), prostate (n = 113), and Ob/Gyn (n = 146) clinics. These patients were each seen by two clinicians who independently rated seven Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) symptoms. Twenty-three percent of patients were enrolled in therapeutic clinical trials. Results The average time between rater evaluations was 68 min. Intraclass correlation coefficients were moderate for constipation (0.50), diarrhea (0.58), dyspnea (0.69), fatigue (0.50), nausea (0.52), neuropathy (0.71), and vomiting (0.46). These values demonstrated stability over follow-up visits. Two-point differences, which would likely affect treatment decisions, were most frequently seen among symptomatic patients for constipation (18%), vomiting (15%), and nausea (8%). Conclusion Agreement between different clinicians when reporting adverse symptom events is moderate at best. Modification of approaches to adverse symptom reporting, such as patient self-reporting, should be considered

Deux collations d’Armand de Belvézer sur saint Thomas d’Aquin

Two Short Sermons by Armand of Belvézer on Saint Thomas of Aquinus. Armand of Belvézer was a Dominican cleric who held important functions in the Avignon court during the first third of the fourteenth century. He left several written works concerning the Psalter, including a collection of about a hundred short sermons which formed the main part of his works, at least in volume. Among these sermons, two recalled Saint Thomas of Aquinus ; they were probably written about 1328, that is to say only a few years after the angelical doctor’s canonization. In these two texts, Armand of Belvézer asserted that Saint Thomas’s holiness was undeniable and therefore that his doctrine was faultless. He based his arguments on many images, particularly taken from nature. Ultimately, Armand of Belvézer proposed Saint Thomas of Aquinus as an example for clerics.Deux collations d’Armand de Belvézer sur saint Thomas d’Aquin. Armand de Belvézer est un clerc dominicain qui exerça des fonctions importantes à la Cour d’Avignon, au cours du premier tiers du XIVe siècle. Il a laissé plusieurs écrits concernant le Psautier, dont une collection d’une centaine de collations, qui forment le principal de son œuvre, du moins par le volume. Parmi ces collations, deux évoquent saint Thomas d’Aquin ; elles ont sans doute été composées vers 1328, soit seulement quelques années après la canonisation du docteur angélique. Armand de Belvézer affirme, dans ces deux textes, que la sainteté de Thomas d’Aquin est indiscutable et par conséquent que sa doctrine est irréprochable. Il développe son argumentation en s’appuyant sur de nombreuses images, empruntées notamment à la nature. Finalement, Armand de Belvézer propose saint Thomas d’Aquin comme modèle aux clercs.Lavene Béatrice. Deux collations d’Armand de Belvézer sur saint Thomas d’Aquin. In: La Prédication en Pays d'Oc. Toulouse : Éditions Privat, 1997. pp. 171-194. (Cahiers de Fanjeaux, 32

Agroforestry: new challenge for fiel crop breeding ?

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