13 research outputs found

    Les significations du processus transitionnel de personnes ùgées hospitalisées nécessitant un hébergement permanent et vivant de multiples relocalisations

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    Au QuĂ©bec, les personnes ĂągĂ©es hospitalisĂ©es nĂ©cessitant un hĂ©bergement dans le secteur public peuvent ĂȘtre dĂ©placĂ©es plusieurs fois au sein d’un hĂŽpital et de diffĂ©rents Ă©tablissements jusqu’à ce qu’une place permanente soit disponible. Cette pratique peut avoir des consĂ©quences sur leur santĂ©. Les significations qu’accordent les personnes ĂągĂ©es Ă  cette expĂ©rience sont peu connues alors qu’elles peuvent influencer leur processus transitionnel et les consĂ©quences sur leur santĂ© et leur bien-ĂȘtre. BasĂ©e sur la thĂ©orie de transitions de Meleis (2010), une micro ethnographie critique ayant pour but de comprendre les significations du processus transitionnel de personnes ĂągĂ©es hospitalisĂ©es nĂ©cessitant un hĂ©bergement et vivant de multiples relocalisations a Ă©tĂ© conçue. L’échantillon Ă©tait composĂ© de huit personnes ĂągĂ©es ayant vĂ©cu au moins deux relocalisations durant leur attente d’hĂ©bergement. Des entrevues semi-dirigĂ©es et des conversations informelles ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es. L’analyse des donnĂ©es a respectĂ© la mĂ©thode dĂ©crite par Braun et Clarke (2006). Les rĂ©sultats de cette analyse thĂ©matique ont dĂ©montrĂ© que les personnes ĂągĂ©es vivent, durant leur expĂ©rience transitionnelle, des discontinuitĂ©s spatio-temporelles auxquelles elles attribuent diffĂ©rentes significations. Ces significations correspondent Ă  la perception de vivre de longues pĂ©riodes d’attente dans des milieux temporaires, des dĂ©mĂ©nagements rapides et impromptus et des coupures affectives. L’incertitude et l’impuissance ressenties Ă  divers degrĂ©s d’intensitĂ© par les personnes ĂągĂ©es sont Ă©galement des significations qui ressortent du processus transitionnel. Une autre signification accordĂ©e par les personnes ĂągĂ©es Ă  leur expĂ©rience de transitions est l’importance des « petites choses » de la vie quotidienne. Les connaissances issues de cette Ă©tude ont des implications pour les diffĂ©rents champs d’activitĂ©s des infirmiĂšres. Notamment, elles offrent des pistes pour favoriser la santĂ© et le bien-ĂȘtre des personnes ĂągĂ©es vivant un processus transitionnel.In the province of Quebec, hospitalized older people requiring placement in public intermediate or long-term care facilities can be relocated multiple times within a hospital and between various institutions before a permanent place becomes available. This practice may have consequences on their health. The meanings that older people ascribe to this experience are unknow but can influence the older persons’ transitional process and shape the nature of the impacts on their health and well-being. Based on Meleis’ transition theory (2010), a critical microethnography study was designed aiming to understand the meanings of the transitional process of hospitalized older people requiring placement and living multiple relocations. The sample consisted of eight older persons who experienced at least two relocations while waiting for definite placement. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and informal conversations. Data analysis followed the six steps method described by Braun and Clarke (2006). The results of this thematic analysis revealed that older people live spatial and temporal discontinuities during their transitional experience to which they assign meanings. These meanings are the perception to live long waiting periods in temporary places, rapid and unannounced relocations and emotional cuts. The uncertainty and helplessness that older people feel at different levels are also meanings that emerge from the transitional process. Another meaning ascribed by older people to their transitional experience is the great importance of "little things" of everyday life. Knowledge generated from this study has implications in various nursing fields. In particular, they offer ways to improve health and well-being in older people living a transitional process

    RÎle de la phosphorylation sur tyrosine dans la régulation de l'activité de PPARγ

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    Tableau d'honneur de la FacultĂ© des Ă©tudes supĂ©rieures et postdoctorales, 2016-2017.L’obĂ©sitĂ© et ses complications telles le diabĂšte et la stĂ©atose hĂ©patique non alcoolique sont des enjeux de santĂ© qui prennent de plus en plus d’ampleur partout sur la planĂšte et la comprĂ©hension approfondie des mĂ©canismes physiopathologiques impliquĂ©s est essentielle pour mieux contrer ces maladies. La protĂ©ine peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARÎł) est reconnue pour ses propriĂ©tĂ©s antiinflammatoires, insulino-sensibilisantes et pro-adipogĂ©niques. Des rĂ©sultats antĂ©rieurs ont dĂ©montrĂ© qu’en l’absence de la protĂ©ine tyrosine phosphatase Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase- 1 (Shp1), l’activitĂ© de PPARÎł est augmentĂ©e. L’activation de PPARÎł par ses agonistes, les thiazolidinediones (TZD), est favorable au contrĂŽle du diabĂšte, mais entraĂźne certains effets indĂ©sirables. Nos recherches ont portĂ© sur l’investigation d’une nouvelle voie de rĂ©gulation de PPARÎł. Nous avons montrĂ© que Shp1 et PPARÎł interagissent et que PPARÎł est phosphorylĂ© sur ses rĂ©sidus tyrosine. Les rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que la dĂ©phosphorylation de PPARÎł par Shp1 diminue son activitĂ©. Des analyses de modĂ©lisation molĂ©culaire suggĂšrent que cette interaction entre Shp1 et PPARÎł dĂ©pend de la prĂ©sence de phosphorylation sur un acide aminĂ© particulier, la tyrosine 355. Ce mĂȘme rĂ©sidu est aussi important dans la liaison avec la rosiglitazone, mĂ©dicament de la classe des TZD. Des expĂ©riences de mutagĂ©nĂšse ont montrĂ© que l’absence de phosphorylation sur la tyrosine 355 diminue grandement l’activitĂ© de la protĂ©ine et, qu’à l’inverse, la prĂ©sence de phosphorylation tend Ă  augmenter son activitĂ©. Bien que plusieurs modifications post-traductionnelles aient Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crites dans la littĂ©rature, la phosphorylation sur tyrosine de PPARÎł demeure trĂšs peu Ă©tudiĂ©e. Nos rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent une nouvelle voie de rĂ©gulation de PPARÎł qui pourrait mener Ă  l’élaboration de nouveaux ligands qui exploitent ce mĂ©canisme afin de favoriser les propriĂ©tĂ©s bĂ©nĂ©fiques de ce facteur transcriptionnel pour mieux traiter le diabĂšte de type 2 et diminuer les risques d’effets secondaires.Obesity and its complications such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are becoming worldwide health concerns and more insights into the underlying physiopathological mechanisms are necessary to improve the treatment of these conditions. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARÎł) protein is well known for its anti-inflammatory, insulin sensitizing and pro-adipogenic roles. Previous results showed that in absence of the protein tyrosine phosphatase Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (Shp1), PPARÎł activity is increased. PPARÎł activation by thiazolidinediones (TZD) is used in the control of diabetes but is also linked to unwanted side effects. We investigated a new mechanism of regulation of PPARÎł activity. We show that Shp1 and PPARÎł interact and that PPARÎł is tyrosine phosphorylated. Our results suggest that Shp1-mediated dephosphorylation of PPARÎł reduces its activity. Molecular modeling analyses further suggest that the interaction between Shp1 and PPARÎł depends upon the phosphorylation of one specific residue, tyrosine 355. This residue is also important for the binding with rosiglitazone, a member of the TZD drug class. Mutagenesis experiments showed that the absence of phosphorylation on tyrosine residue 355 decreases PPARÎł activity, while its phosphorylation tends to increase it. Despite the fact that many post-translational modifications have been reported in the literature, tyrosine phosphorylation of PPARÎł remains mostly unexplored. These results suggest a new PPARÎł regulating mechanism that could be exploited to elaborate new PPARÎł ligands to improve the treatment of type 2 diabetes and to limit side effects

    Le rĂŽle de la restauration dans la connaissance des Ɠuvres d'art : l'exemple du Retable de Saint-Georges du MusĂ©e des Beaux-Arts de Lille

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    Since 1990, the MusĂ©e des Beaux- Arts in Lille has been utterly transformed ; in complement to the extensive refurbishing of the older building and to the construction of an extension, a major campaign of restoration of the art work themselves has been carried out. More than a hundred paintings and sculptures, hitherto known or ignored, have already recovered their legibility. It is true of the Retable de Saint-Georges restored for the exhibition «German sculptures at the end of the Middle Ages» (Paris, MusĂ©e du Louvre, 1991- 1992). This work was adulterated by widespread deposits of grime, and added touches of paint ; thanks to its restoration, completed by laboratory studies and in-situ research, S. Guillot de Suduiraut can propose an attribution, an origin, and a date. The Lille altar-piece would have been executed in Simon Von Taisten's workshop for Saint-Georgen an der Ahn's church, near Bru- neck, in southern Tyrol around 1480-1490. As for the three busts of the pre- della, one should search among the people surrounding Hans Klocker (working in Bruneck from year 1482) to find the master who created those fine sculptures.Since 1990, the MusĂ©e des Beaux- Arts in Lille has been utterly transformed ; in complement to the extensive refurbishing of the older building and to the construction of an extension, a major campaign of restoration of the art work themselves has been carried out. More than a hundred paintings and sculptures, hitherto known or ignored, have already recovered their legibility. It is true of the Retable de Saint-Georges restored for the exhibition «German sculptures at the end of the Middle Ages» (Paris, MusĂ©e du Louvre, 1991- 1992). This work was adulterated by widespread deposits of grime, and added touches of paint ; thanks to its restoration, completed by laboratory studies and in-situ research, S. Guillot de Suduiraut can propose an attribution, an origin, and a date. The Lille altar-piece would have been executed in Simon Von Taisten's workshop for Saint-Georgen an der Ahn's church, near Bru- neck, in southern Tyrol around 1480-1490. As for the three busts of the pre- della, one should search among the people surrounding Hans Klocker (working in Bruneck from year 1482) to find the master who created those fine sculptures.Sedert 1990 wordt het museum voor Schone Kunsten te Rijsel volledig omgebouwd : naast de vernieuwings - en uitbreidingswerken loopt er een res- tauratieprogamma. Meer dan honderd bekende en minder bekende schilderijen en beeldhouwwerken werden reeds behandeld. Voor de Parijse tentoons- telling over Duitse beeldhouwwerken aan het einde van de middeleeuwen (Louvre, 1991-1992) werd het Sint-Jorisretabel gerestaureerd. Het werk was vuil en overschilderd. Na onderzoek, in het laboratorium en in situ, en restauratie kon S. Guillot de Seduirant een tooschrijving, herkomst en datering voorstellen. Het werk komt waarschijnlijk uit het atelier van Simon Von Tajs- ten en was bestemd voor de kerk van Sankt-Georgen an der Ahn, bij Bruneck, in Zuid-Tyrol, omstreeks 1480-1490. De drie mooie borstbeelden op de pre- della zijn vermoedelijk eerder het werk van Hans Klocker (aktief in Bruneck na 1482) of van iemand in zijn omgeving.LavallĂ©e Marie-HĂ©lĂšne. Le rĂŽle de la restauration dans la connaissance des Ɠuvres d'art : l'exemple du Retable de Saint-Georges du MusĂ©e des Beaux-Arts de Lille. In: Revue du Nord, tome 74, n°297-298, Juillet-dĂ©cembre 1992. pp. 477-481

    Doubs. Ornans, Ă©tude de bĂąti d'une maison des XIIIe -XIVe et XVIe siĂšcles

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    Lefebvre Bastien, Lavallée Marie-HélÚne. Doubs. Ornans, étude de bùti d'une maison des XIIIe -XIVe et XVIe siÚcles. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 163, n°4, année 2005. pp. 378-380

    An action research to optimize the well-being of older people in nursing homes: Challenges and strategies for implementing a complex intervention

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    Few studies have been conducted on strategies to promote the implementation of complex interventions in nursing homes (NHs). This article presents a pilot study intended to assess the strategies that would enable the optimal implementation of a complex intervention approach in NHs based on the meanings of screams of older people living with Alzheimer’s disease. An action research approach was used with 19 formal and family caregivers from five NHs. Focus groups and individual interviews were held to assess different implementation strategies. A number of challenges were identified, as were strategies to overcome them. These latter included interactive training, intervention design, and external support. This study shows the feasibility of implementing a complex intervention to optimize older people’s well-being. The article shares strategies that may promote the implementation of these types of interventions in NHs

    Effects of an Intervention Approach Based on the Meanings of Vocal Behaviours in Older People Living with a Major Neurocognitive Disorder: A Pilot Study

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    Introduction: Vocal behaviours (VB) are frequent in long-term care facilities (LTCF) and have many negative consequences. Interventions to decrease VB have limited clinical impact. Objective: This pilot study aimed to provide preliminary evidence on the effects of an intervention approach based on the meanings of VB in older people living with a neurocognitive disorder in LTCF. Methods: A mixed methods action research study was used. Fourteen triads (n=43) made up of an older person who manifested VB, a family member, and formal caregivers were included. An approach based on the meanings of VB was implemented in five LTCF. Semi-structured interviews took place with some participants. Tools were used at four-time points to measure five variables: the frequency of VB, the well-being of older people, the perceived disruptiveness of VB, the partnership-based decision-making and the empowerment felt by family and formal caregivers. Results: The approach improved the perception of family and formal caregivers toward older people. This led to habit changes that influenced positively the frequency of VB and the well-being of older people. Formal and family caregivers also perceived VB as less disturbing and felt more empowered relatively to VB. The attitude of formal caregivers toward families evolved positively. No other changes were noted on partnership-based decision-making. Discussion and conclusion: This study indicates the potential of this approach to improve the well-being of older people who manifested VB, their families, and formal caregivers. This approach could be implemented in LTCF, tested and adapted for other behaviours.Introduction: Les comportements vocaux (CV) sont frĂ©quents en centre d’hĂ©bergement et de soins de longue durĂ©e(CHSLD) et ils entrainent des consĂ©quences nĂ©gatives. Les interventions pour les rĂ©duire ont peu d’impact clinique. Objectif: Cette Ă©tude pilote visait Ă  fournir des rĂ©sultats prĂ©liminaires sur les effets d’une dĂ©marche d’interventions basĂ©e sur les sens des CV des personnes ĂągĂ©es vivant avec un trouble neurocognitif en CHSLD. MĂ©thodes: Une recherche-action avec mĂ©thodes mixtes a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e auprĂšs de quatorze triades (n=43) regroupant une personne ĂągĂ©e avec des CV, un proche aidant et un soignant. Une dĂ©marche basĂ©e sur les sens des CV a Ă©tĂ© implantĂ©e dans cinq CHSLD. Des entrevues semi-structurĂ©es ont eu lieu avec certains participants. Des outils ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s Ă  quatre moments pour mesurer cinq variables : la frĂ©quence des CV, le bien-ĂȘtre des personnes ĂągĂ©es, la perception de dĂ©rangement des CV, la prise de dĂ©cisions en partenariat, et la capacitĂ© d’agir des proches et des soignants. RĂ©sultats: La dĂ©marche a amĂ©liorĂ© la perception des proches et des soignants Ă  l’égard des personnes ĂągĂ©es. Cela a amenĂ© des changements d’habitudes qui ont influencĂ© positivement la frĂ©quence des CV et le bien-ĂȘtre des personnes ĂągĂ©es. Les proches et les soignants ont aussi perçu les CV comme moins dĂ©rangeants et ont eu une augmentation de leur capacitĂ© d’agir. L’attitude des soignants envers les proches a Ă©voluĂ© positivement. Aucun autre changement n’a Ă©tĂ© notĂ© dans la prise de dĂ©cision en partenariat. Discussion et conclusion: L’étude dĂ©montre le potentiel de cette dĂ©marche pour amĂ©liorer le bien-ĂȘtre des personnes ĂągĂ©es qui manifestent des CV, celui de leurs proches et des soignants. Elle pourrait ĂȘtre implantĂ©e dans les CHSLD, ainsi que testĂ©e et adaptĂ©e Ă  d’autres comportements

    Effectiveness of interventions on early neurodevelopment of preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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    Abstract Background As preterm infants’ neurodevelopment is shaped by NICU-related factors during their hospitalization, it is essential to evaluate which interventions are more beneficial for their neurodevelopment at this specific time. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions initiated during NICU hospitalization on preterm infants’ early neurodevelopment during their hospitalization and up to two weeks corrected age (CA). Methods This systematic review referred to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses [PRISMA] guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017047072). We searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE (OVID), Cochrane Systematic Reviews, CENTRAL, and Web of Science from 2002 to February 2020 and included randomized controlled/clinical trials conducted with preterm infants born between 24 and 366/7 weeks of gestation. All types of interventions instigated during NICU hospitalization were included. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction, assessment of risks of bias and quality of evidence. Results Findings of 12 studies involving 901 preterm infants were synthesized. We combined three studies in a meta-analysis showing that compared to standard care, the NIDCAP intervention is effective in improving preterm infants’ neurobehavioral and neurological development at two weeks CA. We also combined two other studies in a meta-analysis indicating that parental participation did not significantly improve preterm infants’ neurobehavioral development during NICU hospitalization. For all other interventions (i.e., developmental care, sensory stimulation, music and physical therapy), the synthesis of results shows that compared to standard care or other types of comparators, the effectiveness was either controversial or partially effective. Conclusions The overall quality of evidence was rated low to very low. Future studies are needed to identify interventions that are the most effective in promoting preterm infants’ early neurodevelopment during NICU hospitalization or close to term age. Interventions should be appropriately designed to allow comparison with previous studies and a combination of different instruments could provide a more global assessment of preterm infants’ neurodevelopment and thus allow for comparisons across studies. Trial registration Prospero CRD42017047072
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