9 research outputs found
The impact of replacing breakfast grains with meat/meat alternatives: an evaluation of child nutrition policy
Objective:
To evaluate the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) rule that allows a meat/meat alternative to replace the breakfast grain requirement three times per week.
Design:
A 5-week menu including breakfast, lunch and snack was developed with meat/meat alternative replacing the breakfast grain requirement three times per week. Menu nutrients based on the minimum requirements were compared with reference values representing the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat and a range of reference values representing two-thirds the Dietary Reference Intake for 3-year-olds and 4â5-year-olds. The meal pattern minimum requirements were compared with two-thirds of those recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA).
Setting:
Evaluation took place between April and June 2019.
Participants:
Human subjects were not utilized.
Results:
The CACFP minimum grain requirement is well below the DGA reference value (0·5â1·5 v. 3·33 ounce-equivalents). Energy (2208·52 kJ) was below the reference values (3126·83â4362·53 kJ). Protein (34·43 g) was above the reference values (9·87â10·81 g). Carbohydrate (76·65 g), fibre (7·46 g) and vitamin E (1·69 mg) were below their reference values of 86·67 g, 10·46â14·60 g and 4â4·76 mg, respectively. Fat (22·57 %) was below the reference range (25â40 %).
Conclusions:
The CACFP rule which allows a meat/meat alternative to replace the breakfast grain requirement three times per week may result in meal patterns low in energy, carbohydrate, fat, fibre and vitamin E, while providing an excessive amount of protein
Photochemistry in biomass burning plumes and implications for tropospheric ozone over the tropical South Atlantic
Photochemistry occuring in biomass burning plumes over the tropical south Atlantic is analyzed using data collected during the Transport and Atmospheric Chemistry Near the EquatorâAtlantic aircraft expedition conducted during the tropical dry season in September 1992 and a photochemical point model. Enhancement ratios (ÎY/ÎX, where Î indicates the enhancement of a compound in the plume above the local background mixing ratio, Y are individual hydrocarbons, CO, O3, N2O, HNO3, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), CH2O, acetone, H2O2, CH3OOH, HCOOH, CH3COOH or aerosols and X is CO or CO2) are reported as a function of plume age inferred from the progression of Înonâmethane hydrocarbons/ÎCO enhancement ratios. Emission, formation, and loss of species in plumes can be diagnosed from progression of enhancement ratios from fresh to old plumes. O3 is produced in plumes over at least a 1 week period with mean ÎO3/ÎCO = 0.7 in old plumes. However, enhancement ratios in plumes can be influenced by changing background mixing ratios and by photochemical loss of CO. We estimate a downward correction of âŒ20% in enhancement ratios in old plumes relative to ÎCO to correct for CO loss. In a case study of a large persistent biomass burning plume at 4âkm we found elevated concentrations of PAN in the fresh plume. The degradation of PAN helped maintain NOx mixing ratios in the plume where, over the course of a week, PAN was converted to HNO3. Ozone production in the plume was limited by the availability of NOx, and because of the short lifetime of O3 at 4âkm, net ozone production in the plume was negligible. Within the region, the majority of O3 production takes place in air above median CO concentration, indicating that most O3 production occurs in plumes. Scaling up from the mean observed ÎO3/ÎCO in old plumes, we estimate a minimum regional O3 production of 17Ă1010molecules O3 cmâ2 sâ1. This O3 production rate is sufficient to fully explain the observed enhancement in tropospheric O3 over the tropical South Atlantic during the dry season
A Taxonomically-informed Mass Spectrometry Search Tool for Microbial Metabolomics Data
MicrobeMASST, a taxonomically-informed mass spectrometry (MS) search tool, tackles limited microbial metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Leveraging a curated database of >60,000 microbial monocultures, users can search known and unknown MS/MS spectra and link them to their respective microbial producers via MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Identification of microbial-derived metabolites and relative producers, without a priori knowledge, will vastly enhance the understanding of microorganismsâ role in ecology and human health
Photochemistry in biomass burning plumes and implications for tropospheric ozone over the tropical South Atlantic
The Importance of Personal and Contextual Factors in Resolving Conflict Between Sexual Identity and Christian Upbringing
Multiple stressors in an estuarine system: Effects of nutrients, trace elements, and trophic complexity on benthic photosynthesis and respiration
The effects of multiple stressors on the balance between autotrophic and heterotrophic processes in an estuarine system
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microbeMASST: a taxonomically informed mass spectrometry search tool for microbial metabolomics data
microbeMASST, a taxonomically informed mass spectrometry (MS) search tool, tackles limited microbial metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Leveraging a curated database of >60,000 microbial monocultures, users can search known and unknown MS/MS spectra and link them to their respective microbial producers via MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Identification of microbe-derived metabolites and relative producers without a priori knowledge will vastly enhance the understanding of microorganisms' role in ecology and human health