COBOL: Still the Major Language for Business Applications Programmers

This paper reviews the history of criticism of COBOL and the recurring predictions that COBOL will soon vanish from the scene. It then presents an analysis of the help-wanted advertising for business programmers in the Boston Sunday Globe from 1982 through 1988. Help-wanted advertisements are an acknowledged indicator of business trends. The data from help-wanted advertisements support the author\u27s contention that COBOL is and will remain the major computer language for business applications. Companies are advertising for COBOL programmers because they have been using COBOL for years and plan to continue using COBOL. Undergraduate curriculum for CIS education should reflect the needs of the business community for COBOL programmers. COBOL has been the central language of such curriculum and should remain as the central language for undergraduate CIS education

Coverage of Key Issues in the MIS Course

MIS decision-makers in business and academia are faced with a number of issues in an ever changing environment. A number of previous studies [1,2,3,4] have identified MIS issues of greatest importance to IS management. It has been suggested [2,4] that knowledge of the relative importance of MIS issues aids businesses in deciding where to focus investments, and is also relevant to academics as they attempt to shape curricula. This study presents an assessment of the degree to which the issues identified as of greatest importance by the cited studies are likely to be included in a typical undergraduate MIS class. Coverage of a topic in the typical MIS text is used as a proxy for actual class coverage. Such coverage within the textbooks is found to be spotty and the implications of this finding for the classroom are discussed

Software Piracy: A Study of the Extent of Coverage in Introductory MIS Textbooks

This research argues that although software piracy has serious implications for the software industry and the economy, the topic receives very little detailed coverage in MIS textbooks. Software piracy has a significant impact on the software industry and on the economy as a whole. Lost sales due to software piracy amount to over $11 billion annually and lost taxes approach$1 billion annually. Current technology makes it a simple task for even a novice computer user to copy software and therefore, unauthorized software is not uncommon. The researchers conducted an evaluation of MIS texts and found that software piracy receives very little coverage in the texts. The research suggests that MIS faculty need to provide material to supplement the textbook coverage in order to provide adequate coverage of this serious issue

Single channel properties of recombinant GABA A receptors containing Γ2 or Δ subtypes expressed with Α1 and Β3 subtypes in mouse L929 Cells

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65956/1/j.1469-7793.1997.283bb.x.pd

Multiple Quantitative Trait Loci Influence the Shape of a Male-Specific Genital Structure in Drosophila melanogaster

The observation that male genitalia diverge more rapidly than other morphological traits during evolution is taxonomically widespread and likely due to some form of sexual selection. One way to elucidate the evolutionary forces acting on these traits is to detail the genetic architecture of variation both within and between species, a program of research that is considerably more tractable in a model system. Drosophila melanogaster and its sibling species, D. simulans, D. mauritiana, and D. sechellia, are morphologically distinguishable only by the shape of the posterior lobe, a male-specific elaboration of the genital arch. We extend earlier studies identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for lobe divergence across species and report the first genetic dissection of lobe shape variation within a species. Using an advanced intercross mapping design, we identify three autosomal QTL contributing to the difference in lobe shape between a pair of D. melanogaster inbred lines. The QTL each contribute 4.6–10.7% to shape variation, and two show a significant epistatic interaction. Interestingly, these intraspecific QTL map to the same locations as interspecific lobe QTL, implying some shared genetic control of the trait within and between species. As a first step toward a mechanistic understanding of natural lobe shape variation, we find an association between our QTL data and a set of genes that show sex-biased expression in the developing genital imaginal disc (the precursor of the adult genitalia). These genes are good candidates to harbor naturally segregating polymorphisms contributing to posterior lobe shape

Strength based nursing: caring for the whole person

Strengths-Based Nursing (SBN) is an integrated value-driven approach based on a philosophy of care to guide actions. It consists of eight values which guide nursing practice to promote care of the whole person and family.  SBN promotes empowerment, collaborative partnership, innate health and healing, authentic relationships while focusing on enhancing and developing strengths to cope with challenges and minimize, contain or circumvent that which is not working.Our poster will illustrate the basics of SBN and how it can be utilized in the promotion of whole person care.Conclusion: SBN has enlarged our perspective, broadened our skilled-know how, and opened us to new ways of caring for persons and families dealing with cancer. It has also given us insights into our nursing practices and illustrates the importance these eight values have in supporting development of whole person care

Development of a practical dietitian road map for the nutritional management of phenylketonuria (PKU) patients on pegvaliase

Funding Information: Outside the submitted work, the authors disclose the following. Bausell H received personal fees from BioMarin, Ultragenyx, Horizon and Vitaflo. Bélanger-Quintana A reports personal fees from BioMarin, Nutricia, Vitaflo, Orphan Europe, Takeda and Genzyme. Rocha JC received research grants from BioMarin, Glutamine and Cambrooke, as well as personal fees from BioMarin, Applied Pharma Research, Nutricia, Merck Serono, Vitaflo, Cambrooke, PIAM and Lifediet. MacDonald A reports research funding from BioMarin, Nutricia, Applied Pharma Research, Vitaflo, Galen, Metax, Mevalia and Arla, as well as lecture fees from BioMarin, Applied Pharma Research, Nutricia and Vitaflo, and consultancy fees from BioMarin, Applied Pharma Research, Arla, Nutricia and Vitaflo. Met Ed reports grant funding from BioMarin, Nutricia, Vitaflo and Horizon Pharmaceuticals. Bernstein L and Rohr F report lecture fees from Vitaflo. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: The metabolic dietitian/nutritionist (hereafter ‘dietitian’) plays an essential role in the nutritional management of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), including those on pegvaliase. Currently, more educational support and clinical experience is needed to ensure that dietitians are prepared to provide optimal nutritional management and counselling of pegvaliase-treated patients. Methods: Via a face-to-face data-review meeting, followed by a virtual consolidation meeting, a group of expert dietitians and one paediatrician discussed and developed a series of recommendations on the nutritional evaluation and management of patients receiving pegvaliase. The consensus group consisted of 10 PKU experts: six dietitians and one paediatrician from Europe and three dietitians from the US. One European and three US dietitians had experience with pegvaliase-treated patients. Results: The consensus group recommended that a physician, dietitian and nurse are part of the pegvaliase treatment team. Additionally, a psychologist/counsellor should be included if available. Practical proposals for the nutritional evaluation of pegvaliase-treated patients at baseline, during the induction and titration phases and for long-term maintenance were developed. The consensus group suggested assessment of blood Phe at least monthly or every 2 weeks in the event of low blood Phe (i.e., blood Phe <30 μmol/L). It may be appropriate to increase blood Phe monitoring when adjusting protein intake and/or pegvaliase dose. It was recommended that natural protein intake is increased by 10–20 g increments if blood Phe concentrations decrease to <240 μmol/L in patients who are not meeting the dietary reference intake for natural protein of 0.8 g/kg. It was proposed that with pegvaliase treatment blood Phe levels could be maintained <240 μmol/L but more evidence on the safety of achieving physiological blood Phe levels is necessary before any recommendation on the lower blood Phe target can be given. Finally, both patients and dietitians should have access to educational resources to optimally support patients receiving pegvaliase. Conclusion: This practical road map aims to provide initial recommendations for dietitians monitoring patients with PKU prescribed pegvaliase. Given that practical experience with pegvaliase is still limited, nutritional recommendations will require regular updating once more evidence is available and clinical experience evolves.publishersversionpublishe

Acute Cellular Alterations in the Hippocampus After Status Epilepticus

The critical, fundamental mechanisms that determine the emergence of status epilepticus from a single seizure and the prolonged duration of status epilepticus are uncertain. However, several general concepts of the pathophysiology of status epilepticus have emerged: (a) the hippocampus is consistently activated during status epilepticus; (b) loss of GABA-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus is critical for emergence of status epilepticus; and, finally (c) glutamatergic excitatory synaptic transmission is important in sustaining status epilepticus. This review focuses on the alteration of GABAergic inhibition in the hippocampus that occurs during the prolonged seizures of status epilepticus. If reduction in GABAergic inhibition leads to development of status epilepticus, enhancement of GABAergic inhibition would be expected to interrupt status epilepticus. Benzodiazepines and barbiturates are both used in the treatment of status epilepticus and both drugs enhance GABA A receptor-mediated inhibition. However, patients often become refractory to benzodiazepines when seizures are prolonged, and barbiturates are often then used for these refractory cases of status epilepticus. Recent evidence suggests the presence of multiple GABA A receptor isoforms in the hippocampus with different sensitivity to benzodiazepines but similar sensitivity to barbiturates, thus explaining why the two drug classes might have different clinical effects. In addition, rapid functional plasticity of GABA A receptors has been demonstrated to occur during status epilepticus in rats. During status epilepticus, there was a substantial reduction of diazepam potency for termination of the seizures. The loss of sensitivity of the animals to diazepam during status epilepticus was accompanied by an alteration in the functional properties of hippocampal dentate granule cell GABA A receptors. Dentate granule cell GABA A receptor currents from rats undergoing status epilepticus had reduced sensitivity to diazepam and zinc but normal sensitivity to GABA and pentobarbital. Therefore, the prolonged seizures of status epilepticus rapidly altered the functional properties of hippocampal dentate granule cell GABA A receptors, possibly explaining why benzodiazepines and barbiturates may not be equally effective during treatment of the prolonged seizures of status epilepticus. A comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular events leading to the development, maintenance, and cytotoxicity of status epilepticus should permit development of more effective treatment strategies and reduction in the mortality and morbidity of status epilepticus.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65664/1/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00873.x.pd

Radical Listening, Action, and Reflection at the Boundaries of Youth Violence Prevention

The purpose of this article is to make visible collaborative pedagogical and research practices that opened space for community members to be co-educators and researchers with students and a professor on a youth violence assessment. We use Third Generation Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) as a conceptual framework to examine the learning that occurred in the boundary zone of our eight differently situated organizations. As we demonstrate through the inclusion of boundary dialogue excerpts, this process generated more authentic understandings of why racial inequity has persisted in youth violence outcomes. The assessment questions we asked, the key informants we engaged, the data analysis process we undertook, and the substantially different types of findings that emerged were a function of relationship building and radical listening in the boundary zone of our collaboration. We conclude that practices that foster radical listening in boundary work can reframe experiential learning for racial justice