Midazolan por vía espinal o endovenosa como coadyuvante de la anestesia regional con lidocaína/fentanil en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos lumbares de pequeño porte

OBJECTIVES: the present study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of intravenous and intrathecal midazolan as an adjunct to intrathecal ligdocaine, with or without intrathecal fentanyl. METHODS: double-blind study, institutional approval and informed consent; 40 patients scheduled for minor lumbar orthopedic surgery were randomly assigned to one of five groups (n=8). Patients were premedicated with a 4 mL final intravenous volume (saline or midazolan). Spinal anaesthesia was administered to a 3 mL final volume - 75 mg of lidocaina plus either 33 mg fentanyl or 500 mg midazolan diluted in saline (0,9%) - with the patient in sitting position. The latency time for onset of the block (LT), time to progress to T10 sensory level (TT10), duration of the block (Bl), duration of effective analgesia (An), the subjective degree of intraoperative sedation, level of alertness, concentration level and degree of anxiety were specifically measured. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: the addition of midazolan to the intrathecal injection in the absence of fentanyl was the only procedure which caused a statistically significant reduction in LT (p<0.002) and TT10 (p<0.001). Intrathecal midazolan increased the blockade time both with (p<0.05) and without (p<0.02) intrathecal fentanyl, but, when given intravenously, this effect failed to reach statistical significance (p>0,05). Both intrathecal fentanyl and midazolan increased the duration of analgesia (p<0.01). With respect to the subjective measures, group 1 served as the control group, demonstrating an alert, fully awake patient who was able to concentrate but showed some anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: while all additional treatments resulted in a relaxed patient, only those given intrathecal midazolan remained fully awake, alert and able to concentrate. Intrathecal fentanyl with saline premedication or intravenous midazolan premedication resulted in decreased alertness and inability to concentrate, as well as sleepiness, which was more extreme in the case of those patients given intravenous midazolan.OBJETIVOS: o presente estudo visa avaliar a utilidade da administração do benzodiazepínico midazolan, por via venosa ou espinal, em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos de pequeno porte sob anestesia regional com lidocaína e fentanil. MÉTODOS: após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em pesquisa e consentimento formal, 40 pacientes foram avaliados de forma duplamente encoberta e prospectiva, sendo divididos aleatoriamente a um dos cinco grupos do estudo (n=8). Os pacientes foram premedicados com midazolan ou solução fisiológica (volume final de 4 mL) por via venosa. A anestesia espinal foi administrada com o paciente sentado, utilizando-se 75 mg de lidocaína, 33 mg de fentanil ou 500 mg de midazolan, diluídos em solução fisiológica (0,9%), sendo o volume final (3 mL) administrado por via intratecal. Foram avaliados: tempo de latência, tempo de bloqueio motor, tempo de analgesia, grau de sedação, nível de alerta, nível de concentração e grau de ansiedade. Foi considerado significante p<0,05. RESULTADOS: a adição de midazolan por via intratecal na ausência de fentanil foi o único procedimento que resultou em redução do tempo de latência para início do bloqueio (p<0,002). Midazolan por via intratecal aumentou o tempo de bloqueio motor, com (p<0,05) ou sem (p<0,02) a associação de fentanil intratecal, enquanto que, ao serem administrado por via venosa, não alterou o tempo de bloqueio motor (p>0,05). Tanto a administração de fentanil ou midazolan intratecais resultaram em aumento do tempo de analgesia (p<0,01). Em relação aos resultados subjetivos, enquanto o grupo 1 atuou como controle, sendo os pacientes alertas, porém com certo grau de ansiedade, os pacientes que receberam midazolan estavam alertas e não ansiosos. CONCLUSÕES: os pacientes que receberam midazolan intratecal permaneceram acordados, alertas e com capacidade de concentração, apresentaram menor latência para anestesia e maior tempo de analgesia.OBJETIVOS: el presente estudio visa evaluar la utilidad de la administración del benzodiazepínico midazolan por vía venosa o espinal en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos de pequeño porte sobre anestesia regional con lidocaína y fentanil. MÉTODOS: después de la aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación Formal, 40 pacientes fueron evaluados de forma doble-ciego y prospectivo, siendo divididos de forma aleatoria uno de los cinco grupos del estudio (n=8). Los pacientes fueron pre-medicados con midazolan o solución fisiológica (volumen final 4 mL) por vía venosa. La anestesia espinal fue administrada con el paciente sentado, utilizándose 75 mg de lidocaína, 33 mg de fentanil o 500 mg de midazolan diluidos en solución fisiológica (0.9%), siendo el volumen final administrado por vía intratecal 3 mL. Fueron evaluados: el tiempo de latencia, el de bloqueo motor, el de analgesia, lo grado de sedación y de ansiedad. El p<0.05 fue considerado significativo. RESULTADOS: la adición de midazolan por vía intratecal en la ausencia de fentanil fue el único procedimiento que resultó en reducción del tiempo de latencia para inicio del bloqueo (p<0.002). Midazolan por vía intratecal aumentó el tiempo de bloqueo motor con (p<0.05) o sin (p<0.02) la asociación de fentanil intratecal, mientras que administrado por vía venosa no cambió el tiempo de bloqueo motor (p>0.05). Tanto la administración de fentanil intratecal o midazolan intratecal resultaron en aumento del tiempo de analgesia (p<0.01). En relación a los resultados subjetivos, el Grupo 1 actuó como Control, siendo los pacientes alertas, pero con cierto grado de ansiedad, mientras los pacientes que recibieron midazolan estuvieron alertas y no ansiosos. CONCLUSIONES: los pacientes que recibieron midazolan intratecal permanecieron alertas y con capacidad de concentración, presentaron menor latencia para anestesia y mayor tiempo de analgesia

Olfactory groove meningioma: report of 99 cases surgically treated at the Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome

OBJECTIVE: We reviewed our series of olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs) with the aim to relate the surgical approach with outcome and to define clinical and pathologic predictors of prognosis. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients who underwent 113 craniotomies at our Institution between 1984 and 2010 were entered this study. The relationship between surgical approach (bifrontal, fronto-orbito-basal, and pterional) and either tumor diameter, extent of tumor resection, complication rate, need of reoperation, and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) was analyzed. The impact of age ( 64 70 vs. &gt; 70 years), sex, tumor diameter (&lt; 6 vs. 65 6 cm), pre- and postoperative KPS (&lt; 80 vs. 65 80), Simpson grade (I-II vs. III-IV), and World Health Organization (WHO) histologic grade (I vs. II-III) on survival was assessed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted and differences in survival between groups of patients were compared. A multivariate analysis adjusted for age, pre- and postoperative KPS, Simpson grade, tumor diameter, and WHO histologic grade also was performed. RESULTS: The fronto-orbito-basal approach (n = 22) allowed a significantly greater percentage of Simpson I-II removals than the bifrontal (n = 70) and pterional approach (n = 21) (P = 0.0354 and P = 0.0485, respectively). The risk of life-threatening complications trended to be lower in patients operated upon either via the fronto-orbito-basal and via the pterional approach than in those treated via the bifrontal approach. Retraction-related brain swelling did not occur in any case after the fronto-orbito-basal approach (P = 0.0384); however, this approach was associated with a greater rate of cerebrospinal fluid leak (P = 0.0011). Among prognostic factors, age 64 70 years (P = 0.0044), tumor diameter &lt;6 cm (P = 0.0455), pre- and postoperative KPS 65 80 (both P &lt; 0.0001), Simpson grade I-II (P = 0.0096), and WHO histologic grade I (P = 0.0112) were significantly associated with longer overall survival. Age (P = 0.0393) and WHO histologic grade (P = 0.0418) emerged as independent prognostic factors for overall survival on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: In the largest series of OGMs published to date, the bifrontal approach was associated with a greater risk of life-threatening complications compared with the lateral pterional and fronto-orbito-basal approaches. The fronto-orbito-basal approach provided greater chances of total tumor removal than the bifrontal and pterional approaches. Two independent factors for overall survival of patients with OGM were identified, namely age and WHO grade

Preliminary experience with 4K ultra-high definition endoscope: analysis of pros and cons in skull base surgery

Negli ultimi venti anni la chirurgia endoscopica del basicranio ha osservato continui sviluppi tecnici e tecnologici. Lendoscopia 3D e l alta definizione (HD) 4K hanno fornito grandi vantaggi in termini di visualizzazione e di risoluzione spaziale. L ultra HD 4K, recentemente introdotta nella pratica clinica, determinerà i prossimi passi soprattutto nella chirurgica endoscopica del basicranio. I pazienti sono stati operati attraverso un approccio transnasale transfenoidale endoscopico, utilizzando un endoscopio Olympus NBI 4K UHD con ottica 4 mm 0 ° Ultra Telescope, lampada allo xeno 300 W (CLV-S400) predisposto per la tecnologia narrow band imaging (NBI) collegato con una videocamera ad un alta qualità unità di controllo (OTV-S400 - VISERA 4K UHD) (Olympus, Tokyo, Giappone). Due schermi, un 31 Monitor - (LMD-X310S) e quello principale ultra-HD 55 a pollici ottimizzati per la riproduzione immagini UHD (LMD-X550S). In casi selezionati abbiamo usato un sistema di navigazione (Stealthstation S7, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, Stati Uniti). Abbiamo valutato 22 adenomi ipofisari (86,3% macroadenomi; 13,7% microadenomi). Il 50% non erano secernenti (NS), 22,8% GH, 18,2% ACTH, 9% PRLsecernenti. 3/22 erano recidive. Nel 91% dei casi abbiamo raggiunto la rimozione totale, mentre nel 9% la resezione subtotale. Un followup medio di 187 giorni, durata media del ricovero era 3,09 ± 0,61 giorni. Tempo chirurgico 128,18 ± 30,74 minuti. Abbiamo avuto solo 1 caso di fistola intraoperatoria a basso flusso senza ulteriori complicazioni nel follow up. Il 100% dei casi non ha richiesto emotrasfusione. La visualizzazione e lalta risoluzione del campo operatorio hanno fornito una vista dettagliata di tutte le strutture anatomiche e patologie e permesso il miglioramento della sicurezza e lefficacia della procedura chirurgica. Il tempo operatorio è stato simile a quello dellendoscopio HD standard 2D e 3D, come la fatica fisica era paragonabile ad altri in termini di ergonomicità e peso

Philadelphia-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with minimal residual disease persistence and poor outcome. First report of the minimal residual disease-oriented GIMEMA LAL1913

Early recognition of Philadelphia-like (Ph-like) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases could impact on the management and outcome of this subset of B-lineage ALL. In order to assess the prognostic value of the Ph-like status in a pediatric-inspired, minimal residual disease (MRD)driven trial, we screened 88 B-lineage ALL cases negative for major fusion genes (BCR-ABL1, ETV6-RUNX1, TCF3-PBX1 and KTM2Ar) enrolled in the GIMEMA LAL1913 front-line protocol for adult BCR/ABL1-negative ALL. The screening - performed using the “BCR/ABL1-like predictor” - identified 28 Ph-like cases (31.8%), characterized by CRLF2 overexpression (35.7%), JAK/STAT pathway mutations (33.3%), IKZF1 (63.6%), BTG1 (50%) and EBF1 (27.3%) deletions, and rearrangements targeting tyrosine kinases or CRLF2 (40%). The correlation with outcome highlighted that: i) the complete remission rate was significantly lower in Ph-like compared to non-Ph-like cases (74.1% vs. 91.5%, P=0.044); ii) at time point 2, decisional for transplant allocation, 52.9% of Ph-like cases versus 20% of non-Ph-like were MRD-positive (P=0.025); iii) the Ph-like profile was the only parameter associated with a higher risk of being MRD-positive at time point 2 (P=0.014); iv) at 24 months, Ph-like patients had a significantly inferior event-free and disease-free survival compared to non-Ph-like patients (33.5% vs. 66.2%, P=0.005 and 45.5% vs. 72.3%, P=0.062, respectively). This study documents that Ph-like patients have a lower complete remission rate, event-free survival and disease-free survival, as well as a greater MRD persistence also in a pediatric-oriented and MRD-driven adult ALL protocol, thus reinforcing that the early recognition of Ph-like ALL patients at diagnosis is crucial to refine risk-stratification and to optimize therapeutic strategies

Philadelphia-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with minimal residual disease persistence and poor outcome. First report of the minimale residual disease-oriented GIMEMA LAL1913

Early recognition of Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases could impact on the management and outcome of this subset of B-lineage ALL. To assess the prognostic value of the Ph-like status in a pediatric-inspired, minimal residual disease (MRD)-driven trial, we screened 88 B-lineage ALL cases negative for the major fusion genes (BCR-ABL1, ETV6-RUNX1, TCF3-PBX1 and KTM2Ar) enrolled in the GIMEMA LAL1913 front-line protocol for adult BCR/ABL1-negative ALL. The screening - performed using the “BCR/ABL1-like predictor” - identified 28 Ph-like cases (31.8%), characterized by CRLF2 overexpression (35.7%), JAK/STAT pathway mutations (33.3%), IKZF1 (63.6%), BTG1 (50%) and EBF1 (27.3%) deletions, and rearrangements targeting tyrosine kinases or CRLF2 (40%). The correlation with outcome highlighted that: i) the complete remission (CR) rate was significantly lower in Ph-like compared to non-Ph-like cases (74.1% vs 91.5%, p=0.044); ii) at time point 2 (TP2), decisional for transplant allocation, 52.9% of Ph-like cases vs 20% of non-Phlike were MRD-positive (p=0.025); iii) the Ph-like profile was the only parameter associated with a higher risk of being MRD-positive at TP2 (p=0.014); iv) at 24 months, Ph-like patients had a significantly inferior event-free and disease-free survival compared to non-Ph-like patients (33.5% vs 66.2%, p=0.005 and 45.5% vs 72.3%, p=0.062, respectively). This study documents that Ph-like patients have a lower CR rate, EFS and DFS, as well as a greater MRD persistence also in a pediatric-oriented and MRD-driven adult ALL protocol, thus reinforcing that the early recognition of Ph-like ALL patients at diagnosis is crucial to refine risk-stratification and to optimize therapeutic strategies