la protection des investisseurs et la gouvernance d’entreprise dans le cadre du droit européen et du droit international (The protection of investors and corporate governance in european and internationallaw system)

En réaction aux multiples scandales en matière de fraude financière, les législateurs américain et européens ont réagi en élaborant de nouvelles lois, ayant comme buts principaux de mieux protéger les investisseurs et de rétablir la confiance sur les marchés financiers. Dans le présent travail, les changements dans les systèmes juridiques européens et américains seront présentés et discutés du point de vue des investisseurs ainsi que de celui d’une bonne gouvernance d’entreprise. Il sera montré que les nouvelles lois sont susceptibles d’atteindre leur but, bien qu’à certains égards elles puissent paraître restrictives et compliquées en ce qui concerne leur application. En plus, il sera montré que l’Union Européenne a besoin de rattraper les Etats-Unis sur le plan institutionnel. En dernier lieu sera élaborée une proposition comment les réglementations européennes et américaines pourraient aboutir vers une reconnaissance mutuelle. Recent scandals of financial fraud forced both American and European legislators to react by setting up several new laws and regulations in order to better protect investors and to re-establish the public’s trust towards the financial markets. In this essay the specific changes in the German, European and American legal systems will be highlighted and discussed from the investors’ perspective as well as from the background of an effective corporate governance. It will be proven that the new rules will probably reach their goals, although they sometimes might be too regulative and complicated in their application. Furthermore it will be shown that the European Union has, in comparison to the United States, also some work to do on the institutional level. At last, a proposal of how the European and American regulations could turn towards a mutual recognition on both continents will be elaborated.Investissement, Gouvernance d'entreprise, Droit européen, Droit international/Investment, corporate governance, european law, international law

An empirical study of acknowledgment structures

The subject of our study is one type of "response" in dialogue, usually called acknowledgment or positive feedback. We show here how distinguishing between different acknowledgments is central to the establishment of information. The study is based on a french corpus of direction-giving dialogues which we have gathered. The factors that we investigate about the acknowledgments are their producer, their target and their scope. We focus on the relations between those features and linguistic discourse markers

Establishing a New State-of-the-Art for French Named Entity Recognition

The French TreeBank developed at the University Paris 7 is the main source of morphosyntactic and syntactic annotations for French. However, it does not include explicit information related to named entities, which are among the most useful information for several natural language processing tasks and applications. Moreover, no large-scale French corpus with named entity annotations contain referential information, which complement the type and the span of each mention with an indication of the entity it refers to. We have manually annotated the French TreeBank with such information, after an automatic pre-annotation step. We sketch the underlying annotation guidelines and we provide a few figures about the resulting annotations

Total Opacity of Local Group Galaxies and Large Scale Structure behind the Galactic Bulge

Recently, we have developed and calibrated the Synthetic Field Method to derive total extinction through disk galaxies. The method is based on the number counts and colors of distant background field galaxies that can be seen through the foreground object. Here, we investigate how large (10-m) and very large (20 to 30-m), diffraction-limited, optical and infrared telescopes in space would improve the detection of background galaxies behind Local Group objects, including the Galactic bulge. We find that, besides and perhaps more important than telescope size, a well-behaved, well-characterized PSF would facilitate in general the detection of faint objects in crowded fields, and greatly benefit several other important research areas, like the search for extrasolar planets, the study of quasar hosts and, most relevant for this meeting, the surveying of nearby large scale structure in the Zone of Avoidance, in particular behind the Galactic bulge.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, uses asp2004.sty. To appear in ``Nearby Large-Scale Structures and the Zone of Avoidance,'' eds. A.P. Fairall, P. Woudt, ASP Conf. Series, in press, San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacifi