ASTERIA In-Orbit Testing on OPSSAT: An On-Board Autonomous Orbit Control Solution Including Collision Risks Avoidance

For several years, CNES has been working on Flight Dynamics algorithms to ensure high level of autonomy for next generation of space missions. One example of these autonomous techniques is the Autonomous Orbital Control, which consists of delegating to onboard satellite system the identification, planning and realization of orbital corrections to stay in the mission reference orbit. ASTERIA, an application of on-board autonomy combining station keeping and collision risk management for the low earth orbit satellites, enables both in-track and cross-track control for different LEO missions. The on-board collision risk management process is fully integrated into the autonomous station keeping in order to maintain the satellite orbit as best as possible and to minimize mission unavailability resulting from the avoidance maneuvers. The paper aims to show the completeness of the ASTERIA concept. First, the principles of on-board orbit control with collision risk management are described with the operational concepts of such a solution. Then, the ability to operate ASTERIA is demonstrated through an in-orbit experiment performed last year on the ESA OPSSAT 3-Units CubeSat

Design and experimental evaluation of a dynamically balanced redundant planar 4-RRR parallel manipulator

International audienceShaking forces and shaking moments in high speed parallel manipulators are a significant cause of base vibrations. These vibrations can be eliminated by designing the manipulator to be shaking-force balanced and shaking-moment balanced. In this article an approach for the design and for the evaluation of high speed dynamically balanced parallel manipulators is presented and applied for a comparative experimental investigation of the balanced and the unbalanced DUAL-V planar 4-RRR parallel manipulator. For precise simulation of the manipulator motion, the inverse dynamic model of the manipulator is derived and validated. Experiments show that the balanced manipulator has up to 97% lower shaking forces and up to a 96% lower shaking moment. For small inaccuracies of the counter-masses or for a small unbalanced payload on the platform, base vibrations may be considerable for high speed manipulation, however their values remain significantly low as compared to the unbalanced manipulator. For the balanced manipulator the actuator torques are about 1.6 times higher and the bearing forces are about 71% lower as compared to the unbalanced manipulator

Assessment of the susceptibility to pests and diseases of 36 apple cultivars in four low-input organic orchards in France

One of the keystones of the organic orchard is the cultivar choice as one element of pest and disease control. However, few exhaustive data sets concerning the cultivar susceptibility to pests and diseases are available for growers. In order to identify cultivars adapted to organic production methods, the susceptibility to scab, aphids and powdery mildew and the agronomic properties of 36 cultivars were assessed in four French sites under different pedo-climatic conditions. Different levels of susceptibility to scab were observed for 23 scab Vf-resistant and 13 other cultivars. In the North of France where Vf resistance is overcome, the Vf cultivars displayed different levels of scab severity. A high variability in the susceptibility to aphids was observed whereas susceptibility to powdery mildew varied less. The analysis of susceptibility properties, yield and fruit quality, fruit storability and tree behaviour permitted to identify a set of interesting cultivars according to the site

Combining genetic resources and elite material populations to improve the accuracy of genomic prediction in apple

Genomic selection is an attractive strategy for apple breeding that could reduce the length of breeding cycles. A possible limitation to the practical implementation of this approach lies in the creation of a training set large and diverse enough to ensure accurate predictions. In this study, we investigated the potential of combining two available populations, i.e., genetic resources and elite material, in order to obtain a large training set with a high genetic diversity. We compared the predictive ability of genomic predictions within-population, across-population or when combining both populations, and tested a model accounting for population-specific marker effects in this last case. The obtained predictive abilities were moderate to high according to the studied trait and small increases in predictive ability could be obtained for some traits when the two populations were combined into a unique training set. We also investigated the potential of such a training set to predict hybrids resulting from crosses between the two populations, with a focus on the method to design the training set and the best proportion of each population to optimize predictions. The measured predictive abilities were very similar for all the proportions, except for the extreme cases where only one of the two populations was used in the training set, in which case predictive abilities could be lower than when using both populations. Using an optimization algorithm to choose the genotypes in the training set also led to higher predictive abilities than when the genotypes were chosen at random. Our results provide guidelines to initiate breeding programs that use genomic selection when the implementation of the training set is a limitation

ÉVALUATION DE LA SENSIBILITÉ AUX BIOAGRESSEURS DE 36 VARIÉTÉS DE POMMIERS DANS UN RÉSEAU DE PARCELLES BIOLOGIQUES À FAIBLES INTRANTS

Les bioagresseurs sont une des principales limites à la production de pomme dans les systèmes conduits en AB et à faibles niveaux d’intrants. Une des clefs du contrôle des bioagresseurs dans ces vergers est le choix des variétés (Trapman et Jansonius, 2008). La variabilité de l’expression de la sensibilité variétale peut être appréhendée grâce à un réseau multi-site pluri-annuel. Quatre parcelles de pommier biologique conduites de manière semi-extensive ont été plantées en 2002 afin d’identifier des variétés d’intérêts pour les systèmes à faible intrants. 36 variétés ont été suivies afin d’évaluer conjointement leur sensibilité à la tavelure, aux pucerons et à l’oïdium.La thématique de cette étude initiée en 2002 se trouve être au coeur des questionnements récents sur la réduction des intrants en arboriculture (programme ECOPHYTO 2018). Cette étude souligne (1) la spécificité des variétés intéressantes pour un site donné, (2) l’apparation dans certains cas de maladies considérées comme anecdoctiques, (3) l’intérêt de dispositifs multi-sites et d’observations pluriannuelles pour évaluer avec fiabilité la sensibilité aux bioagresseurs, (4) la méthodologie adaptée à cette problématique (méthode de notation, type de dispositif, etc)

Detecting QTLs and putative candidate genes involved in budbreak and flowering time in an apple multiparental population

UMR AGAP - équipe AFEF - Architecture et fonctionnement des espèces fruitièresIn temperate trees, growth resumption in spring time results from chilling and heat requirements, and is an adaptive trait under global warming. Here, the genetic determinism of budbreak and flowering time was deciphered using five related full-sib apple families. Both traits were observed over 3 years and two sites and expressed in calendar and degree-days. Best linear unbiased predictors of genotypic effect or interaction with climatic year were extracted from mixed linear models and used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, performed with an integrated genetic map containing 6849 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), grouped into haplotypes, and with a Bayesian pedigree-based analysis. Four major regions, on linkage group (LG) 7, LG10, LG12, and LG9, the latter being the most stable across families, sites, and years, explained 5.6–21.3% of trait variance. Co-localizations for traits in calendar days or growing degree hours (GDH) suggested common genetic determinism for chilling and heating requirements. Homologs of two major flowering genes, AGL24 and FT, were predicted close to LG9 and LG12 QTLs, respectively, whereas Dormancy Associated MADs-box (DAM) genes were near additional QTLs on LG8 and LG15. This suggests that chilling perception mechanisms could be common among perennial and annual plants. Progenitors with favorable alleles depending on trait and LG were identified and could benefit new breeding strategies for apple adaptation to temperature increase

Europe

This chapter reviews the scientific evidence published since the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) on observed and projected impacts of anthropogenic climate change in Europe and adaptation responses. The geographical scope of this chapter is the same as in AR4 with the inclusion of Turkey. Thus, the European region includes all countries from Iceland in the west to the Russian Federation (west of the Urals) and the Caspian Sea in the east, and from the northern shores of the Mediterranean and Black Seas and the Caucasus in the south to the Arctic Ocean in the north. Impacts above the Arctic Circle are addressed in Chapter 28 and impacts in the Baltic and Mediterranean Seas in Chapter 30. Impacts in Malta, Cyprus, and other island states in Europe are discussed in Chapter 29. The European region has been divided into five sub-regions: Atlantic, Alpine, Southern, Northern, and Continental. The sub-regions are derived by aggregating the climate zones developed by Metzger et al. (2005) and therefore represent geographical and ecological zones rather than political boundaries. The scientific evidence has been evaluated to compare impacts across (rather than within) sub-regions, although this was not always possible depending on the scientific information available

Investigating the impact of captivity and domestication on limb bone cortical morphology: an experimental approach using a wild boar model

The lack of bone morphological markers associated with the human control of wild animals has prevented the documentation of incipient animal domestication in archaeology. Here, we assess whether direct environmental changes (i.e. mobility reduction) could immediately affect ontogenetic changes in long bone structure, providing a skeletal marker of early domestication. We relied on a wild boar experimental model, analysing 24 wild-born specimens raised in captivity from 6 months to 2 years old. The shaft cortical thickness of their humerus was measured using a 3D morphometric mapping approach and compared with 23 free-ranging wild boars and 22 pigs from different breeds, taking into account sex, mass and muscle force differences. In wild boars we found that captivity induced an increase in cortical bone volume and muscle force, and a topographic change of cortical thickness associated with muscular expression along a phenotypic trajectory that differed from the divergence induced by selective breeding. These results provide an experimental proof of concept that changes in locomotor behaviour and selective breeding might be inferred from long bones morphology in the fossil and archaeological record. These trends need to be explored in the archaeological record and further studies are required to explore the developmental changes behind these plastic responses

Dynamic configuration of the CMS Data Acquisition cluster

The CMS Data Acquisition cluster, which runs around 10000 applications, is configured dynamically at run time. XML configuration documents determine what applications are executed on each node and over what networks these applications communicate. Through this mechanism the DAQ System may be adapted to the required performance, partitioned in order to perform (test-) runs in parallel, or re-structured in case of hardware faults. This paper presents the CMS DAQ Configurator tool, which is used to generate comprehensive configurations of the CMS DAQ system based on a high-level description given by the user. Using a database of configuration templates and a database containing a detailed model of hardware modules, data and control links, nodes and the network topology, the tool automatically determines which applications are needed, on which nodes they should run, and over which networks the event traffic will flow. The tool computes application parameters and generates the XML configuration documents as well as the configuration of the run-control system. The performance of the tool and operational experience during CMS commissioning and the first LHC runs are discussed