Consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de la Universidad de la Amazonia

La investigación tomó como punto de referencia la pregunta: ¿cuál es el estado del consumo de alcohol en los estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad de la Amazonia?, partiendo de que nunca se había hecho la reflexión sobre la realidad de los jóvenes educandos de esta alma mater en torno al consumo de esta sustancia. La indagación, además de este propósito, busca generar inquietudes sobre el papel que está cumpliendo la universidad, y la educación superior en general, en términos de prevención y de salud de su población estudiantil en vínculo con este tipo de prácticas de consumo, considerada por el grueso de la población como una práctica normalizada, pero poco cuestionada precisamente por ser vista de este modo. Es así que, en lo hallado, el 95% de los estudiantes afirmaron consumir alcohol, respecto a un 5% que manifestó lo contrario. Entre los consumidores de alcohol, el 75% se clasificó como ocasionales, 24% como habitual, 1% como dependientes. Frente a lo cual se problematizó sobre el papel de la Universidad en esta realidad, concretamente lo que está haciendo con los casos de los estudiantes dependientes. En cuanto a la metodología, la investigación fue de naturaleza descriptiva transversal y empleó como técnica de recolección de información la encuesta, la cual fue aplicada a una población muestra de 369 estudiantes de los diferentes programas académicos

Metabolic Syndrome, depression and patient safety culture in Mexican resident physicians

Background: Medical residence can affect the well-being and health of resident physicians (rp), which are directly related to the quality of medical care and patient safety. El objective was to identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), depressive symptoms, and evaluate the culture of patient safety in resident physicians. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical survey of 106 physicians residing in 13 medical specialties of a public hospital in Mexico. MetS was defined according to who criteria and depressive symptoms using the cesd-r scale; the culture of patient safety was evaluated with the Spanish version of the Hospital Survey on Patient safety. Results: 53.7% had a combined prevalence of overweight/obesity and insulin resistance was found in 33%. 8.5% of rp had prediabetes and 2.5% diabetes. 23.6% of the sample presented two MetS components. The prevalence of MetS was 8.5% and depressive symptoms were found in 21.7% of rp. The evaluation of the culture of patient safety showed strength in the dimensions of teamwork in the unit-service, organizational learning- continuous improvement, expectations and actions of the direction and frequency of reported events, perception of patient safety culture was found in 8/10 rp. Conclusions: A high prevalence of cardiometabolic alterations and depressive symptoms was found in Mexican rp. It is necessary to promote self-care for health and to strengthen the concept of patient safety culture among resident physicians

Metabolic Syndrome, depression and patient safety culture in Mexican resident physicians

Background: Medical residence can affect the well-being and health of resident physicians (rp), which are directly related to the quality of medical care and patient safety. El objective was to identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), depressive symptoms, and evaluate the culture of patient safety in resident physicians. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical survey of 106 physicians residing in 13 medical specialties of a public hospital in Mexico. MetS was defined according to who criteria and depressive symptoms using the cesd-r scale; the culture of patient safety was evaluated with the Spanish version of the Hospital Survey on Patient safety. Results: 53.7% had a combined prevalence of overweight/obesity and insulin resistance was found in 33%. 8.5% of rp had prediabetes and 2.5% diabetes. 23.6% of the sample presented two MetS components. The prevalence of MetS was 8.5% and depressive symptoms were found in 21.7% of rp. The evaluation of the culture of patient safety showed strength in the dimensions of teamwork in the unit-service, organizational learning- continuous improvement, expectations and actions of the direction and frequency of reported events, perception of patient safety culture was found in 8/10 rp. Conclusions: A high prevalence of cardiometabolic alterations and depressive symptoms was found in Mexican rp. It is necessary to promote self-care for health and to strengthen the concept of patient safety culture among resident physicians

Tabela raiz-osso e distância do pavimento nasal dos dentes anteriores superiores com indicação para microcirurgia apical

 Objective: To evaluate the distance from the root to the bone tables and nasal floor of maxillary anterior teeth with indication for apical microsurgery. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 44 cone beam computed tomographic images prior to the apical microsurgery procedure; in addition, 31 images were selected for comparison with contralateral teeth without indication for apical microsurgery. The distance from the root to the bone tables and nasal floor was measured. Results: The distance from the root surface to the vestibular and palatal bone tables 3 mm from the apex was 0.98 ± 0.67 mm and 4.26 ± 2.97 mm for the central incisor; 0.77 ± 0.50 mm and 2.12 ± 1.22 mm for the lateral incisor; and 0.52 ± 0.63 mm and 5.31 ± 1.38 mm for the canine, respectively. The shortest distance from the apex to the nasal floor was 9.56 ± 2.88 mm for the central incisor, 10.33 ± 2.97 mm for the lateral incisor, and 5.73 ± 2.57 mm for the canine. A statistically significant greater distance from the apex to the nasal floor was found only for the lateral incisor with indication for apical microsurgery compared to the lateral incisor without indication for apical microsurgery. Conclusions: The distance from the root to the vestibular bone table is less than from the root to the palatal bone table. The apex closest to the nasal floor was that of the canine. Maxillary anterior teeth with and without indication for apical microsurgery showed similar distances from the root to the bone tables and nasal floor.Objetivo: Evaluar la distancia de la raíz a las tablas óseas y piso nasal de dientes anteriores maxilares con indicación de microcirugía apical. Material y métodos: La muestra fue de 44 imágenes tomográficas computarizadas de haz cónico previas al procedimiento de microcirugía apical; además, se seleccionaron 31 imágenes para la comparación con los dientes contralaterales sin indicación de microcirugía apical. Se midió la distancia de la raíz a las tablas óseas y al piso nasal. Resultados: La distancia de la superficie radicular a las tablas óseas vestibular y palatina a 3 mm del ápice fue de 0,98 ± 0,67 mm y 4,26 ± 2,97 mm para el incisivo central; 0,77 ± 0,50 mm y 2,12 ± 1,22 mm para el incisivo lateral; y 0,52 ± 0,63 mm y 5,31 ± 1,38 mm para el canino, respectivamente. La distancia más corta del ápice al piso nasal fue de 9,56 ± 2,88 mm para el incisivo central; 10,33 ± 2,97 mm para el incisivo lateral; y 5,73 ± 2,57 mm para el canino. Solo se encontró una distancia mayor, estadísticamente significativa, del ápice al piso nasal del incisivo lateral con indicación de microcirugía apical en comparación con el incisivo lateral sin indicación de microcirugía apical. Conclusiones: La distancia de la raíz a la tabla ósea vestibular es menor que la distancia de la misma a la tabla ósea palatina. El ápice más próximo al piso nasal fue del canino. Los dientes anteriores maxilares con y sin indicación de microcirugía apical mostraron distancias similares de la raíz a las tablas óseas y piso nasal.Objetivo: avaliar a distância da raiz às tábuas ósseas e ao assoalho nasal de dentes anteriores superiores com indicação de microcirurgia apical. Material e métodos: a amostra foi composta por 44 imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico antes do procedimento de microcirurgia apical; além disso, 31 imagens foram selecionadas para comparação com dentes contralaterais sem indicação de microcirurgia apical. Foi medida a distância da raiz até as tábuas ósseas e o assoalho nasal. Resultados: a distância da superfície radicular às tábuas ósseas vestibular e palatina, a 3mm do ápice, foi de 0,98mm ± 0,67mm e 4,26mm ± 2,97mm para o incisivo central; 0,77mm ± 0,50mm e 2,12mm ± 1,22mm para o incisivo lateral; e 0,52mm ± 0,63mm e 5,31mm ± 1,38mm para o canino, respetivamente. A menor distância entre o ápice e o assoalho nasal foi de 9,56 ± 2,88 mm para o incisivo central; 10,33 ± 2,97 mm para o incisivo lateral; e 5,73 ± 2,57 mm para o canino. Uma distância estatisticamente significativa maior do ápice ao assoalho nasal foi encontrada apenas para o incisivo lateral com indicação de microcirurgia apical em comparação com o incisivo lateral sem indicação de microcirurgia apical. Conclusões: a distância da raiz até a tábua óssea vestibular é menor do que a distância da raiz até a tábua óssea palatina. O ápice mais próximo do assoalho nasal foi o do canino. Os dentes anteriores superiores com e sem indicação de microcirurgia apical apresentaram distâncias semelhantes da raiz às tábuas ósseas e ao assoalho nasal

Structural basis for redox regulation of cytoplasmic and chloroplastic triosephosphate isomerases from Arabidopsis thaliana

"In plants triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) interconyerts glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) during glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Calvin-Benson cycle. The nuclear genome of land plants encodes two tpi genes, one gene product is located in the cytoplasm and the other is imported into the chloroplast. Herein we report the crystal structures of the TPIs from the vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana (AtTPIs) and address their enzymatic modulation by redox agents. Cytoplasmic TPI (cTPI) and chloroplast TPI (pdTPI) share more than 60% amino acid identity and assemble as (beta-alpha)(8) dimers with high structural homology. cTPI and pdTPI harbor two and one accessible thiol groups per monomer respectively. cTPI and pdTPI present a cysteine at an equivalent structural position (C13 and C15 respectively) and cTPI also contains a specific solvent accessible cysteine at residue 218 (cTPI-C218). Site directed mutagenesis of residues pdTPI-C15, cTPI-C13, and cTPI-C218 to serine substantially decreases enzymatic activity, indicating that the structural integrity of these cysteines is necessary for catalysis. AtTPIs exhibit differential responses to oxidative agents, cTPI is susceptible to oxidative agents such as diamide and H2O2, whereas pdTPI is resistant to inhibition. Incubation of AtTPIs with the sulfhydryl conjugating reagents methylmethane thiosulfonate (MMTS) and glutathione inhibits enzymatic activity. However, the concentration necessary to inhibit pdTPI is at least two orders of magnitude higher than the concentration needed to inhibit cTPI. Western-blot analysis indicates that residues cTPI-C13, cTPI-C218, and pdTPI-C15 conjugate with glutathione. In summary, our data indicate that AtTPIs could be redox regulated by the derivatization of specific AtTPI cysteines (cTPI-C13 and pdTPI-C15 and cTPI-C218). Since AtTPIs have evolved by gene duplication, the higher resistance of pdTPI to redox agents may be an adaptive consequence to the redox environment in the chloroplast.

Monitoring of microbial bioarosols in a metabolic and dietetic kitchen of a Public hospital in Paraguay.

The metabolic kitchen is a sensitive point within a hospital, so it must be free of potentially food contaminating pathogenic microorganisms, hence the monitoring of bioarosols is an important tool for air quality control and the establishment of cleaning procedures. This work aimed to monitor fungal and bacterial bioaerosols present in the metabolic-diet cooking area of a public hospital in Paraguay.CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Climate Change and Potential Health Effects in Mexican Children

Climate change (CC) is the most important challenge of our time, a long-term global problem and one of the most serious global threats to human health in the future. CC is the expression of changes in temperature and water cycle, floods and drought events, extreme heat waves and sea level rise. Children are particularly vulnerable because they are highly sensitive to climate changes. The main environmental hazards affecting children’s health are poor household drinking water quality and availability, lack access to adequate sanitary facilities, poor hygiene practices, outdoor and indoor air pollution, vector-borne diseases, chemical hazards, and unintentional injuries. Except for some unintentional injuries, these environmental hazards are associated to CC

An Iterative Process for Training Design and Implementation Increased Health Workers\u27 Knowledge for Taking Nutrition Behavior Change to Scale

The shortage of skilled, motivated, and well-supported health workers is a major barrier to scaling up nutrition interventions and services. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the process for developing and implementing a training of health personnel for the delivery of the Integrated Strategy for Attention to Nutrition (EsIAN), an evidence-based strategy for promoting infant and young child feeding through primary health care in Mexico. The specific objective is to provide a case study and highlight challenges, as well as elements to successfully mitigate these, and discuss potential applications of findings beyond the Mexican context. Methods: The design and implementation of training followed a 5-phase process: situation analysis, formative research, large-scale feasibility study, redesign and scale up, and evaluation. We conducted document reviews, surveys, and focus groups during the first phases to inform and refine the training, as well as a pre- and posttraining telephone survey to evaluate change in knowledge. Results: The initial phases of the design provided a clear understanding of the opportunities and challenges for promoting infant and young child feeding, as well as health workers\u27 routines and practices, which informed training design. The feasibility study allowed tailoring and refinement of training. The vertical coherence and coordination between the federal and state levels during redesign and scale up facilitated compliance with training timeline and process. Evaluation results showed significant improvement in knowledge posttraining of up to 19 percentage points. Conclusions: The EsIAN training component for health providers was developed using a systematic approach to consolidate and generate relevant evidence, following an iterative process to test, learn, and improve both design and implementation. This process allowed for flexibility to take advantage of new opportunities and respond to findings from iterations. Garnering and ensuring political support allowed for continuity and sustainability of actions

Distribución de plantas hospedantes de Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa en México

Background and Aims: Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, the causal agent of Pierce’s disease, is a γ-proteobacterium, native to America and present in Mexico in wine-growing areas of the Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California, Parras de la Fuente, Coahuila and Ezequiel Montes in Querétaro. This pathogen has numerous hosts, in some of them without causing disease but representing an important source of inoculum, while in others, it causes decay, chlorosis, wilting and even death of the plant. Despite the potential damage it can cause, there are no reports of the quantification of losses, presence and distribution of hosts in Mexico, which is essential to develop management strategies. The objective of this work was to determine by means of Geographic Information Systems, the presence and regional and altitudinal distribution of host wild plants in Mexico.Methods: A base of 7695 georeferenced data of plants reported in the literature as hosts of X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa obtained from herbalized specimens was developed. The information was analyzed using Geographic Information Systems to determine the distribution of species by state, physiographic regions, altitudinal, latitudinal, and longitudinal ranges.Key results: Twenty six reported wild plant species were identified as wild hosts of X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, widely distributed in the 32 states of the Mexican Republic. The largest number of sites with species presence was recorded in the states of Mexico, Veracruz, and Sonora. The plants inhabit an altitudinal gradient of 0 to 4146 m a.s.l. and are concentrated in the physiographic province of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt.Conclusions: In Mexico, there are conditions for the development of species of wild host plants of X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, especially in the area of ​​transition of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, in the State of Mexico, Mexico City, Durango, Michoacán and Veracruz.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, agente causal de la enfermedad de Pierce, es una γ-proteobacteria nativa de América y presente en México en zonas vitivinícolas del Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California, Parras de la Fuente, Coahuila y Ezequiel Montes en Querétaro. Este patógeno cuenta con numerosos hospedantes, en algunos de ellos sin causar enfermedad, aunque representa una fuente importante de inóculo, y en otros, causa decaimiento, clorosis, marchitez e inclusive la muerte de la planta. A pesar del daño potencial que puede causar, no hay reportes de la cuantificación de pérdidas, presencia y distribución de hospedantes en México, lo cual es esencial para desarrollar estrategias de manejo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar, mediante sistemas de información geográfica, la presencia y distribución regional y altitudinal de plantas silvestres hospedantes en México.Métodos: Se elaboró una base de 7695 datos georreferenciados de plantas reportadas en la literatura como hospedantes silvestres de X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, obtenidos de ejemplares herborizados. La información se analizó mediante Sistemas de Información Geográfica para determinar la distribución de especies por estado, regiones fisiográficas, rangos altitudinales, latitudinales y longitudinales.Resultados clave: Se identificaron 26 especies de plantas silvestres reportadas como hospedantes de X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, ampliamente distribuidas en los 32 estados de la República Mexicana. En los estados de México, Veracruz y Sonora se registró el mayor número de sitios con presencia de especies. Las plantas habitan en un gradiente altitudinal de 0 a 4146 m s.n.m. y se concentran en la provincia fisiográfica del Eje Neovolcánico.Conclusiones: En México existen las condiciones para el desarrollo de plantas silvestres hospedantes de X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, en especial en la zona de transición del Eje Neovolcánico, en el Estado de México, Ciudad de México, Durango, Michoacán y Veracruz

Evaluación de agentes enmascarantes para abatir interferencias en la determinación de plomo por generación de hidruros-fluorescencia atómica

La determinación de plomo mediante la generación de hidruros-fluorescencia atómica (HG-AFS) presenta el problema de interferencias. Con el objetivo de minimizarlas, el efecto de agentes enmascarantes (MA) como KI, L-cisteína y 1,10-fenantrolina fue estudiado en ausencia y presencia de especies interferentes (As, Cr, Cu y Fe). Las mediciones de plomo fueron realizadas a través de la técnica HG-AFS. La linealidad de las curvas de calibración no fue afectada por la adición de los MA. El KI en la solución reductora disminuyó las interferencias de concentraciones de As y Cu. 1,10-phentrolina mostró un buen efecto sobre la interferencia por As. El Cr y Cu fueron los interferentes más serios. El fierro no ocasionó ninguna interferencia en los experimentos. Se estableció el límite tolerable máximo para cada uno de los iones interferentes. La precisión del método analítico fue probada mediante la determinación de niveles traza de plomo en un material de referencia certificado (BCR-610, agua de pozo) y la adición de KI como MA.The greatest problem with the Pb-determination by hydride generation (HG) technique is the interference from foreign ions present in matrix samples. In order to minimize these interferences, the effect of masking agents such as KI, L-cysteine and 1,10-phenanthroline was studied in absence and in presence of selected interfering species (As, Cr, Cu and Fe). The Pb-determinations were performed by HG-AFS system. The linearity of calibration graphs was not affected by the addition of the MA. The use of KI in the reducing solution, diminishes interferences from concentrations of As and Cu. 1,10-phenanthroline showed a positive effect on the interference by As. Moreover, Cr and Cu appeared to be the most serious interfering ions. Fe not presented any interference in the experiments. It was established the maximum tolerated level of the foreign ion tested in presence of MA. The accuracy in the determination of lead at trace levels in BCR-610 (groundwater) certified reference material was reached using KI as MA