Involvement of extracellular vesicles in the macrophage-tumor cell communication in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Exosomes; Larynx cancer cells; MacrophagesExosomes; Cèl·lules cancerígenes de la laringe; MacròfagsExosomas; Células cancerosas de laringe; MacrófagosBackground: Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles that mediate cellular communication in health and multiple diseases, including cancer. However, its role in head and neck cancer has been poorly defined. Here, we investigated the relevance of exosomes in the signaling between larynx cancer cells and macrophages. Methods: Exosomes from THP1 macrophages and BICR18 cells (a larynx squamous cell carcinoma cell line) were purified and their role in the cancer cell migration, macrophage phenotype and immunosuppressive activity was evaluated. The activation of STAT3 signal transduction in macrophages in response to exosomes obtained from cancer cells was also evaluated. Results: Macrophages foster the cancer cell migration and this effect is mediated by exosome signaling. On the other hand, exosomes also induce the expression of IL-10 in macrophages and PD-L1 in cancer cells, thus resulting in the promotion of an immunosuppressive environment. Moreover, we observed that the effects induced in cancer cells are mediated by the exosome-depending activation of STAT-3 signal transduction pathway. Conclusions: Our study indicates that exosomes released by both macrophages and cancer cells plays a critical role in tumor progression in larynx cancer and might be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in head and neck cancer.This work was supported by a research grant from the Carlos III Institute of Health with reference FIS PI16/00060 (D.C.), co-funded with European Union ERDF funds (European Regional Development Fund)

Ras family of small gtpases in crc: New perspectives for overcoming drug resistance

Colorectal cancer remains among the cancers with the highest incidence, prevalence, and mortality worldwide. Although the development of targeted therapies against the EGFR and VEGFR membrane receptors has considerably improved survival in these patients, the appearance of resistance means that their success is still limited. Overactivation of several members of the Ras-GTPase family is one of the main actors in both tumour progression and the lack of response to cytotoxic and targeted therapies. This fact has led many resources to be devoted over the last dec-ades to the development of targeted therapies against these proteins. However, they have not been as successful as expected in their move to the clinic so far. In this review, we will analyse the role of these Ras-GTPases in the emergence and development of colorectal cancer and their relationship with resistance to targeted therapies, as well as the status and new advances in the design of targeted therapies against these proteins and their possible clinical implications.This research was funded by Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), grant number PI19/01231. A.R-V was funded by a contract PFIS from Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII) (FI20/00213) associated with the project PI19/01231

Temporal distribution and genetic variants in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulating in Mexico, seasons 2012 and 2013

The 2012 and 2013 annual influenza epidemics in Mexico were characterized by presenting different seasonal patterns. In 2012 the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus caused a high incidence of influenza infections after a two-year period of low circulation; whereas the 2013 epidemic presented circulation of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus throughout the year. We have characterized the molecular composition of the Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) genes of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus from both epidemic seasons, emphasizing the genetic characteristics of viruses isolated from Yucatan in Southern Mexico. The molecular analysis of viruses from the 2012 revealed that all viruses from Mexico were predominantly grouped in clade 7. Strikingly, the molecular characterization of viruses from 2013 revealed that viruses circulating in Yucatan were genetically different to viruses from other regions of Mexico. In fact, we identified the occurrence of two genetic variants containing relevant mutations at both the HA and NA surface antigens. There was a difference on the temporal circulation of each genetic variant, viruses containing the mutations HA-A141T / NA-N341S were detected in May, June and July; whereas viruses containing the mutations HA-S162I / NAL206S circulated in August and September. We discuss the significance of these novel genetic changes

Iron oxide and iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles impair SARS-CoV-2 infection of cultured cells

Background Coronaviruses usually cause mild respiratory disease in humans but as seen recently, some human coronaviruses can cause more severe diseases, such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the global spread of which has resulted in the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Results In this study we analyzed the potential of using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) coated with biocompatible molecules like dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APS) or carboxydextran (FeraSpin™ R), as well as iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles (IOHNPs) coated with sucrose (Venofer®), or iron salts (ferric ammonium citrate -FAC), to treat and/or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. At non-cytotoxic doses, IONPs and IOHNPs impaired virus replication and transcription, and the production of infectious viruses in vitro, either when the cells were treated prior to or after infection, although with different efficiencies. Moreover, our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the expression of genes involved in cellular iron metabolism. Furthermore, the treatment of cells with IONPs and IOHNPs affects oxidative stress and iron metabolism to different extents, likely influencing virus replication and production. Interestingly, some of the nanoparticles used in this work have already been approved for their use in humans as anti-anemic treatments, such as the IOHNP Venofer®, and as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging in small animals like mice, such as the FeraSpin™ R IONP. Conclusions Therefore, our results suggest that IONPs and IOHNPs may be repurposed to be used as prophylactic or therapeutic treatments in order to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection.This work was supported by the following Grants: CSIC-COV19-012/012202020E154 funded by the Spanish National Research Council Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI) Global Health (PTI Salud Global), SGL2103021 funded by the European Commission-NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU2020/2094) through CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global); PDC2021-120759-100 funded by MCIN/AEI/10. 13039/50110 00110 33 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”, PID2020-112685RB-100 funded by MCIN/AEI/10. 13039/50110 00110 33, and the “Atracción de Talento Investigador” programme (2017-T1/BMD-5155) funded by the “Comunidad de Madrid”. Y. Portilla was first a predoctoral FPU scholar (FPU15/06170) funded by MCIN/AEI/10. 13039/50110 00110 33 and by “ESF Investing in your future”, then a predoctoral scholar funded by CSIC-COV19-012/012202020E154 and is now a postdoctoral scholar funded by the European Commission-NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU2020/2094) through the CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global, SGL2103021). D. López-García received a JAE-INTRO 2020 Fellowship from the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC, JAEINT-20-01805). V. Mulens-Arias was a postdoctoral scholar working under a Juan de La Cierva-Incorporación Contract (IJCI-2017-31447) funded by MCIN/AEI/10. 13039/50110 00110 33. N. Daviu is a predoctoral scholar (FPU18/04828) funded by MCIN/AEI/10. 13039/50110 00110 33 and by “ESF Investing in your future”. This research work was performed in the framework of the Nanomedicine CSIC HUB (ref. 202180E048).Peer reviewe

Hacia una internacionalización de calidad. Buenas prácticas para la integración académica y personal del estudiante Erasmus en el Grado de Español: Lengua y Literatura (Fase I)

Memoria del Proyecto de Innovación Docente Hacia una internacionalización de calidad. Buenas prácticas para la integración académica y personal del estudiante Erasmus en el Grado en Español: Lengua y Literatura(Fase I), desarrollado en la Facultad de Filología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid durante el curso académico 2018-2019. El proyecto buscó incrementar el grado de integración personal y académica del estudiante de intercambio Erasmus del Grado en Español: Lengua y Literatura de la UCM a través de una serie de acciones conjuntas que incluyeron, entre otras: el desarrollo de tutorías individuales y talleres y actividades interculturales, la puesta en marcha de un sistema de mentorías imbricado en el plan intergeneracional de la UCM, la elaboración de Guías para el estudiante Erasmus entrante y saliente, reuniones informativas, la realización de cuestionarios de satisfacción académica y personal, la promoción de los Premios para alumnos internacionales de la Facultad de Filología de la UCM o la celebración de una pionera jornada sobre "La internacionalización de los Grados de Estudios Hispánicos: Seminario de buenas prácticas en la gestión de la movilidad", según se detalla en la Memoria

Base de datos de preguntas y actualización del software. Herramientas para la generación de exámenes presenciales u online

Depto. de Farmacología y ToxicologíaFac. de MedicinaFALSEsubmitte

Trayectorias de un viaje por la investigación educativa desde el sentipensar de los maestros y maestras : experiencias en desarrollo del programa de pensamiento crítico

428 páginasEste libro reúne 19 experiencias que continúan el acompañamiento en la fundamentación, desarrollo y estructuración de estrategias de tipo pedagógico y didáctico dentro de la ruta sentipensante en el Nivel II: Experiencias en desarrollo. Igualmente, en estas experiencias se hace una ampliación de referentes, técnicas e instrumentos para recoger información de los 19 textos presentados. De tal manera, estas experiencias son fruto de este acompañamiento que ha realizado el Instituto para la Investigación Educativa y el Desarrollo Pedagógico IDEP, que servirán de base y referente para seguir aportando en la configuración y consolidación de comunidades de saber y práctica pedagógica, así como en la conformación de colectivos y redes de maestros y maestras

Estrategias de intervención dirigidas a niños con trastorno negativista desa ante, una revisión de la literatura

Objective: To identify the strategies used in the treatment of children with oppositional de ant disorder. Materials and methods: This is a review of literature on intervention strategies that are reported for the intervention of children with oppositional de ant disorder, which was performed in six databases: ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Ebsco, Scopus and Scielo. Inclusion crite- ria were child population, publications in the period 2007-2015 in Spanish and English, articles that explained intervention strategies in children with oppositional de ant disorder, complete and available items. Exclusion criteria: articles that mentioned cognitive disorders, pharmacolo- gical interventions and only treatment for attention de cit hyperactivity disorder. The method of recording and analysis of the results is carried out on a grid in Excel in which the number of items per database, year, country of publication, discipline, assessment tools, and population strategy suggested intervention is included. A total of 50 items that  t the purpose of the study were revised. Results: 50% of the publications were found in PubMed, in Scopus 16%, 14% in Science Direct, 10% in the Proquest, 6% in Ebsco and 4% Scielo. United States is the country with more evidence on the issue with 60% of publications. 50% of the researches reported that strategies for treating oppositional de ant disorder are developed in an interdisciplinary way and are aimed at children. Conclusions: Intervention strategies arise from a clinical approach and few involve teaching strategies.Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias que se utilizam no tratamento de crianças com transtorno desafiador opositivo. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura sobre as estratégias de intervenção que se reportam para a intervenção de crianças com transtorno desafiador opositivo, a qual realiza-se em seis bases de dados: ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Ebsco, Scopus e Scielo. Os critérios de inclusão foram população infantil, publicações no período 2007-2015, língua espanhola e inglesa, que explicaram estratégias de intervenção em crianças com transtorno negativista desa ador opositivo, artigos completos e disponíveis. Os critérios de exclusão foram artigos que mencionam desordens cognitivos, intervenções farmacológicas e tratamento só para dé cit de atenção com hiperatividade. O método de registro e análise de resultados se realiza em uma grade em Excel na que se inclui o número de artigos por base de dados, ano, país de publicação, disciplina, ferramentas de avaliação, população e estratégia de intervenção sugerida. Revisaram-se um total de 50 artigos que se ajustavam o objetivo do estudo. Resultados: O 50% das publicações encontraram-se em Pubmed, o 16% em Scopus, o 14% em Science Direct, o 10% em Proquest, o 6% em Ebsco e em Scielo 4%. Os Estados Unidos é o país com maior evidência respeito ao tema com um 60% de publicações. O 50% das buscas reportam que as estratégias para o tratamento do transtorno desafiador opositivo são desenvolvidas de maneira interdisciplinar e estão dirigidas à população infantil. Conclusões: As estratégias de intervenção apresentam-se desde um enfoque clínico e poucas envolvem estratégias pedagógicas. Objetivo: identificar las estrategias que se utilizan en el tratamiento de niños con trastorno oposicional desafiante. Materiales y métodos: se trata de una revisión de la literatura sobre las estrategias de intervención que se reportan para la intervención de niños con trastorno negativista desafiante, la cual se realiza en seis bases de datos: ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Ebsco, Scopus y Scielo. Los criterios de inclusión fueron población infantil, publicaciones en el periodo 2007-2015, idioma español e inglés, que explicaran estrategias de intervención en niños con trastorno negativista desafiante, artículos completos y disponibles. Los criterios de exclusión fueron artículos que mencionan desórdenes cognitivos, intervenciones farmacológicas y tratamiento solo para déficit de atención con hiperactividad. El método de registro y análisis de resultados se realiza en una rejilla en Excel en la que se incluye el número de artículos por base de datos, año, país de publicación, disciplina, herramientas de evaluación, población y estrategia de intervención sugerida. Se revisaron un total de 50 artículos que se ajustaban al objetivo del estudio. Resultados: el 50% de las publicaciones se encontraron en Pubmed, el 16% en Scopus, el 14% en Science Direct, el 10% en Proquest, el 6% en Ebsco y en Scielo 4%. Estados Unidos es el país con mayor evidencia respecto al tema con un 60% de publicaciones. El 50% de las búsquedas reportan que las estrategias para el tratamiento del trastorno oposicional desafiante son desarrolladas de manera interdisciplinar y están dirigidas a la población infantil. Conclusiones: las estrategias de intervención se plantean desde un enfoque clínico y pocas involucran estrategias pedagógicas.