The place of historical novel for young readers within the historical and literary canon

Many issues are raised when authors set their stories in the past. First and foremost there is the balance that must be kept between the responsibility owed to historical truth and the need to write a story which in its emotional and narrative truth engages the modem reader. (Collins 2001: v

Knowing, transmitting, living together, recognizing and valuing : new categories for the understanding of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) in plaza de mercado de Las Flores, Bogotá.

El PCI analiza las diferentes expresiones culturales a partir de los lineamientos dados por la UNESCO y el Ministerio de Cultura en un ejercicio académico y gubernamental que busca clasificar, valorar y visibilizar aquello que se considera representativo para la nación. Para lograrlo, define 13 campos en los cuales se inscriben las diferentes manifestaciones, no obstante, la mayoría de estos campos son lejanos a los procesos culturales que se tejen en la ciudad. A partir de esta afirmación, se plantea el estudio de la plaza de mercado desde un enfoque histórico que permite reconocer sus transformaciones y permanencias, para pasar a un análisis etnográfico de la Plaza de Mercado de las Flores, ubicada en la localidad Kennedy en Bogotá, del cual surgen nuevas categorías de análisis: conocer, transmitir, convivir, reconocer y valorar, que permiten que la plaza sea interpretada como un complejo entramado cultural.ICH analyzes the different cultural expressions based on the guidelines given by UNESCO and the Ministry of Culture in an academic and governmental exercise that seeks to classify, assess and make visible what is considered representative for the nation. To achieve this, thirteen fields were defined in which the different manifestations are registered. However, most of these fields are distant from the cultural processes that are woven in the city. Based on this statement, the study of the market place is considered from a historical perspective that allows recognizing its transformations and permanence, to move on to an ethnographic analysis of the Plaza de Mercado de las Flores, located in the Kennedy neighborhood in Bogotá, from which new categories of analysis emerge: knowing, transmitting, coexisting, recognizing, and valuing, which allow the market to be interpreted as a complex cultural framework

New forms of masculinity in Western films: The end of the Marlboro Man?

[EN]Westerns are one of the most masculine and stereotypical of film genres. In a social and film context where gender equality is increasingly important, it is worth looking at the evolution of the genre in recent years. Especially because, as André Bazin said, the Western is “cinema par excellence” (1966) and its analysis allows a reflection on cinema itself. Taking the figure of the Marlboro Man as a prototype, this study carries out an analysis of three selected case studies: Brokeback Mountain, Jane Got a Gun and Godless, two films and a miniseries with main characters that do not follow heteronormative masculinity. Ang Lee’s work broke new ground not only in Westerns but also in industrial cinema by making homosexuality visible, while Gavin O’Connor’s showed the possibility of a woman playing the leading role in a classic Western. The miniseries produced by Netflix combines both by giving leading roles to female characters, some of them gay, while reflecting on homosexuality. It was noted that the portrayal of masculinity in Western films remains valid in all three cases, but it allows women and homosexuals to access leading roles, often by acquiring typically masculine attributes

LA MODELIZACIÓN COMO ESTRATEGIA DIDÁCTICA PARA EL RECONOCIMIENTO DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL Y NATURAL DEL MUNICIPIO DE FLORESTA (BOYACÁ) EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DEL COLEGIO TÉCNICO HÉCTOR JULIO RANGEL QUINTERO

Presentamos la propuesta de la práctica pedagógica desarrollada en el Colegio Héctor Julio Rangel Quintero del  Municipio de Floresta (Boyacá) con una duración de seis meses y bajo los lineamientos del Grupo de Investigación Conocimiento Profesional del Profesor de Ciencias de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (Bogotá-Colombia). La investigación se centró  en las  estrategias que utilizan los maestros en la modelización para la enseñanza  de la Biología en los espacios académicos,  permitiendo de  a los docentes y estudiantes  reflexionar sobre su labor y así mejorar  las falencias y fortalecer sus cualidades,  y de esta forma “propiciar la meta-reflexión de los profesores acerca de su conocimiento docente con el fin de fortalecer su identidad profesional, (Valbuena, 2009: 3), para ello el proceso investigativo se constituyó a partir de la perspectiva cualitativa, con un enfoque interpretativo donde se empleó diferentes instrumentos de recolección de información.Finalmente se muestra las conclusiones más relevantes arrojadas por la investigación de la práctica pedagógica

New forms of masculinity in Western films: The end of the Marlboro Man?

Westerns are one of the most masculine and stereotypical of film genres. In a social and film context where gender equality is increasingly important, it is worth looking at the evolution of the genre in recent years. Especially because, as André Bazin said, the Western is “cinema par excellence” (1966) and its analysis allows a reflection on cinema itself. Taking the figure of the Marlboro Man as a prototype, this study carries out an analysis of three selected case studies: Brokeback Mountain, Jane Got a Gun and Godless, two films and a miniseries with main characters that do not follow heteronormative masculinity. Ang Lee’s work broke new ground not only in Westerns but also in industrial cinema by making homosexuality visible, while Gavin O’Connor’s showed the possibility of a woman playing the leading role in a classic Western. The miniseries produced by Netflix combines both by giving leading roles to female characters, some of them gay, while reflecting on homosexuality. It was noted that the portrayal of masculinity in Western films remains valid in all three cases, but it allows women and homosexuals to access leading roles, often by acquiring typically masculine attributes

Gower's "Confessio" and the "Nova statuta Angliae": royal lessons in English law

This essay examines parallels between the discussion of kingship and law in the Confessio Amantis and the account of Edward II's deposition that opens the Nova statuta Angliae, a comparison that reveals how each text employs a hybrid discourse that creates multiple frames of reference for the reader. Manuscript copies of both texts appear to have been commissioned tar Richard II in the early 1390s, at a time when the king sought to defend against limitations of his power, and the Confessio has been depicted as a commentary on the king's fulfillment of his responsibilities. This essay shows how both texts interweave discourses of legal argument, romance narrative, advice to princes, and religious exemplum in ways that strengthen their representation of the king's sacred obligation to uphold the laws of the land, based on the English coronation oath that entered textual circulation in the fourteenth century

Conflict resolution in the "Wife of Bath's Tale" and in Gower's "Tale of Florent"

Defining the principles that apply to resolving conflicts between individuals in The Wife of Bath 's Tale and comparing them to parallel conflicts in Gower's "Tale of Florent," one discovers that The Wife of Bath 's Tale foregrounds appeals to political, social, religious, and ethical authority -all of which are questioned, discussed, and negotiated. In the "Tale of Florent," on the other hand, conflict tends to be internal rather than between individuals. Florent's conflicts are resolved by himself alone thinking about the obligations he has accepted in his various covenants, and then behaving in such a way that he does not lie or cheat or break his pledge. Conflict resolution in Gower depends upon absolute commitment to principle, the culturally sanctioned rules that govern human behavior. Conflicts in the "Tale of Florent" are not resolved through argument, debate, negotiation with an adversary as in Chaucer's text

Genius and the practice of ethical reading

There has been a tendency in Gower scholarship to emphasize what Genius is not doing in the Confessio Amantis: the stories he does not tell, the sins he fails to discuss, and the interpretations he does not pursue. Some critics view Genius's supposed deficiencies as intentional failings designed by Gower to challenge his readers; still, these readings are centered on absence rather than presence. This paper offers a new interpretation of Genius's role in the Confessio, and, in particular, of Genius's use of classical exempla, by arguing that the absence of allegorized versions of these tales is, in fact, the result of a conscious decision to use an alternate method of reading ---ethical reading- rather than allegorical interpretation. Instead of merely appropriating or desecularizing "old bokes," the process of ethical reading preserves the status of secular texts while reframing them to make them morally useful for new generations of readers

The margins in the Iberian manuscripts of John Gower's "Confessio Amantis": language, authority and readership

The pages of the Confessio Amantis display an interesting blend of English text and Latin commentary in which the Latin apparatus enhances the vernacular text forming a strongly interrelated entity. The Latin captions and the glosses in the Confessio appear in a remarkably regular way in the English manuscripts and the presentation of the elements in the pages follows, in general, a pre-established pattern of marginal and in-column annotations.However, the Iberian translations of the Confessio translated the Latin captions and skipped most of the marginal annotations, leaving behind an integral part of the work that probably carne from Gower himself. In a work such as the Confessio Amantis, in which bilingualism is central to the text as planned by its author, the absence of all the Latin elements results in an important change in the textual dynamics of the poem. Why did they fail to cross the geographical borders in an era when Latin was lingua franca? What does their absence te\l us about the origin of the translations and their intended readership

Fusogenic properties of the ectodomains of hepatitis C virus envelope proteins

We have used an isolated chimeric protein E1340E2661 that includes the ectodomains of the envelope proteins of epatitis C virus to study its interaction with model membranes. E1340E2661 has some of the membrane destabilization properties, vesicle aggregation, lipid mixing and the release of internal aqueous content, which have previously been ascribed to fusion proteins. The effects are preferentially produced on vesicles of acidic phospholipids which would indicate the importance of the electrostatic interactions. In fact, an increase of the ionic strength of the buffer induced a considerable decrease of the destabilizing properties. Moreover, fluorescence polarization studies show that the recombinant protein reduces the amplitude of the thermal transition of dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol vesicles and increases the transition temperature at pH 5.0 in a dose-dependent manner, indicating its insertion into the bilayer. Furthermore, a decrease of the pH induces a onformational change in the protein structure as videnced by fluorescence of tryptophan residues and 4,4-bis(1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate). A model for the fusion of hepatitis C virus with the host cell membrane can be postulated. The dissociation of E1E2 dimers would uncover the fusion peptides which can then interact with the polar lipid heads of the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer and next insert into the hydrophobic moiety producing the destabilization of the bilayer which finally leads to fusion