Variant de la carretera C-53 al seu pas per Bellcaire d'Urgell, Lleida

El poble de Bellcaire d’Urgell a Lleida, està tallat per la carretera C-53 que passa pel mig. Causa molèsties acústiques i perill per a la població. Fins al moment, han mort 18 persones a aquest tram de carretera. És per això que s’ha decidit fer un estudi sobre una possible variant d’aquest tram de carretera que desviï el trànsit a les afores per tal de que el poble pugui fer una vida més segura, tranquil·la i saludable. Aquest projecte presenta el disseny de la variant amb els encreuaments amb la C-53 i la LP-3322. Per dur a terme l’estudi s’ha utilitzat la cartografia de l’Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya i buscar el traçat més òptim per a la nova carretera. S’ha tingut en compte evitar les expropiacions de vivendes, optimitzar els canvis de rasant i corbes i, respectar la Normativa 3.1-IC de la Instrucció de Carreteres. Un cop decidit el traçat, s’ha procedit a donar coordenades a un seguit de bases a partir d’observacions en estàtic i amb els càlculs en post-procés amb el programa LEICA GEO-OFFICE. Seguidament s’ha fet un aixecament topogràfic de la zona a escala 1/1000 mitjançant la metodologia RTK. Amb les dades obtingudes s’ha creat el model digital del terreny amb el programa AUTOCAD/MDT. El disseny del traçat en planta, en alçat i els encreuaments de la variant s’han realitzat amb el programa ISTRAM-ISPOL en funció de les seccions tipus dissenyades. Posteriorment s’ha calculat el moviment de terres. Per acabar, cal comentar que aquest projecte inclou un estudi del trànsit i del medi de la zona així com un reportatge fotogràfic. També s’hi troben els corresponents plànols que inclouen la senyalització vial i els drenatges

Análisis empírico de la rentabilidad de la estrategia “Momentum” en función de la rentabilidad por dividendo

El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado se centra en intentar demostrar la rentabilidad teórica que podría obtener un inversor individual o institucional utilizando la estrategia de inversión denominada “momentum”. Está estrategia consiste en comprar aquellos títulos con un mejor rendimiento en el pasado y vender o tomar posiciones cortas en aquellos títulos que han obtenido peores resultados en el pasado. Este TFG analiza con datos reales la rentabilidad de dicha estrategia tomando como referencia la rentabilidad por dividendo (Yield) de los componentes del Índice General de la Bolsa de Madrid durante el periodo de tiempo 2001-2013

Role of polyphenol oxidase in olive metabolism

Virgin olive oil (VOO) is the most important fat in the Mediterranean diet, which has many nutritional benefits and excellent organoleptic properties. These characteristics are mainly linked to the phenolic compounds present in VOO. The content of phenolic compounds in VOO is related to the initial content of phenolic glycosides in the olive fruit, which are later transformed by hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes to form the main phenolic components of VOO [1].The main enzyme involved in the oxidative degradation of phenolic compounds during the oil extraction process is the polyphenol oxidase (PPO). This enzyme may catalyse two different reactions, hydroxylation of monophenols to form orthodiphenols (monophenolase activity), or oxidation of these orthodiphenols to quinones (diphenolase activity). Thus, PPO could display an important role both in the degradation and biosynthesis pathways, which means that these pathways could be connected [1]. In consequence, the functional characterization of olive PPOs is needed to understand the metabolism of phenolic compounds.Two polyphenol oxidase genes (OePPO1 and OePPO2) have been identified from a transcriptome obtained from diverse olive varieties, with different phenolic contents, and submited to various biotic and abiotic stresses [3]. Both genes were synthesized, cloned and expressed in E. coli (BL21). Extraction and purification protocols of the recombinant proteins have been optimized using affinity chromatography [2]. Similarly, specific activity assays and HPLC analysis methods have been designed for the biochemical characterization of the recombinant proteins.The functional identity of both proteins has been verified, since both of them have shown to be active against orthodiphenols (hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein), and their catalytic characterization is being completed using natural phenolic substrates from olive fruit (oleuropein and verbascoside) and VOO (hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and acetate of hydroxytyrosol).Later, expression studies by qRT-PCR will be carried out and, finally, the expression, functional genomics and metabolomics data will be analyzed together to determine the specific role of these enzymes in the metabolism of phenolic compounds in olive trees

Las consecuencias del COVID-19 en las personas adultas mayores que sufren soledad no deseada en el barrio Oliver y la respuesta de los agentes sociales ante esta problemática.

El presente documento engloba un Trabajo de Fin de Grado sobre las consecuencias del COVID-19en las personas adultas mayores que sufren soledad no deseada en el barrio Oliver y la respuesta por partede los agentes sociales ante esta problemática. El contexto objeto de estudio se ubica en el barrio Oliver deZaragoza. Se va a proceder a entrevistar a un conjunto de profesionales del tejido asociativo del barrio, quehan intervenido en torno a las necesidades de la población tras el comienzo de la pandemia y, también, apersonas adultas mayores que han manifestado padecer soledad no deseada.<br /

Las consecuencias del COVID-19 en las personas adultas mayores que sufren soledad no deseada en el barrio Oliver y la respuesta de los agentes sociales ante está problemática

El presente documento engloba un Trabajo de Fin de grado sobre las consecuencias del COVID-19 en las personas adultas mayores que sufren soledad no deseada en el barrio Oliver y la respuesta por parte de los agentes sociales ante esta problemática. El contexto objeto de estudio se ubica en el barrio Oliver de Zaragoza. Se va a proceder a entrevistar a un conjunto de profesionales del tejido asociativo del barrio, que han intervenido en torno a las necesidades de la población tras el comienzo de la pandemia y, también, a personas adultas mayores que han manifestado padecer soledad no deseada. <br /

Neuromodulation in anejaculation, case report and literature review

Introducción y objetivos: La neuromodulación de raíces sacras (NMS) es un procedimiento empleado para el manejo de trastornos del funcionamiento urinario, intestinal y sexual. Hablando de trastornos sexuales, hay algunos datos que sugieren benefi cios en disfunción eréctil y muy poca evidencia en trastornos de la eyaculación. El reporte de este caso tiene como objetivo revisar la teoría acerca del funcionamiento y las indicaciones de la NMS con el fi n de plantear una hipótesis acerca del mecanismo por el cual respondió este paciente, y sugerir la NMS como una alternativa en el manejo de la aneyaculación refractaria al tratamiento farmacológico. Materiales y métodos: Recolección de la historia clínica desde el ingreso en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfi ca en Medline y Ovid, sin límites de idioma ni diseño, en los últimos 10 años. Los términos MESH usados fueron: “sacral plexus”, “sacral region”, “ejaculation”, “neurobiology”, “spinal cord stimulation”, “transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation”; también se utilizó un término no MESH: “neuromodulation”. Resultados: Se trata del primer reporte de un caso de aneyaculación secundaria a manipulación del área pélvica durante la resección de neurogangliomas en un paciente joven con vida sexual previa normal, tratado exitosamente con NMS. La NMS es un procedimiento cuyo mecanismo de acción se desconoce; es posible que la estimulación eléctrica de las aferencias permita la modulación de los refl ejos medulares restaurando el equilibrio entre la inhibición y la activación a nivel central. Ha sido usado en el manejo de alteraciones urinarias, intestinales, sexuales y nerviosas. Basada en esta respuesta positiva, nuestra hipótesis consiste en que el procedimiento quirúrgico alteró la transmisión de señales eferentes de los nervios pélvicos. Con la terapia neuromoduladora en las raíces sacras, se logró la regulación de los refl ejos medulares al facilitar la transmisión de señales eyaculatorias mediadas por serotonina y noradrenalina trasportadas por los nervios pélvicos y pudendos. Conclusiones: La NMS se presenta como una alternativa en el manejo de la aneyaculación a pesar de que falta evidencia que soporte la estandarización del procedimiento.Q4Reporte de caso51-57Paciente masculinoIntroduction and objectives: Sacral root neuromodulation (SRN) is a procedure used to treat urinary function, as well as bowel and sexual disorders. In sexual disorders, there is some data suggesting benefi ts in erectile dysfunction, with very little evidence on ejaculation disorders. The objective of this report is to review the theory of SRN operation and its indications in order to propose a hypothesis on the mechanism and why our patient improved his ejaculation disorder after the SRN procedure. We suggest the SRN as an alternative treatment in the management of refractory anejaculation. Methods and materials: Review of patient’s medical chart. A literature search was performed using MEDLINE and OVID. The search was limited to papers published in the last 10 years. MESH terms used were “sacral plexus”, “sacral region”, “ejaculation”, “neurobiology”, “spinal cord stimulation”, “transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation”, and also a non-MESH term “neuromodulation”. Results: We present the fi rst report of anejaculation, secondary to pelvic surgical dissection in a young patient with a previously normal sexual life. Ejaculation improved signifi cantly after the SRN procedure. The mechanism of action of SRN is not entirely known. It is possible that afferent electrical stimulation allows the modulation of spinal refl exes by restoring the balance between inhibition and activation at a central level. It has been used in the management of urinary, bowel, sexual, and nervous disorders. Based on this positive response, our hypothesis is that the surgical procedure altered the transmission of efferent signals of the pelvic nerves. The SRN procedure could improve the regulation of spinal refl exes and transmission of ejaculatory signals mediated by serotonin and noradrenaline transported by pelvic and pudenda nerves. Conclusions: The SRN is presented as an alternative in the management of anejaculation despite the lack of evidence to support the standardization of the procedure

Influence of SWEP (Study Pregnant Water Exercise) program in perinatal outcomes: Study protocol

Introducción: el entrenamiento mediante ejercicio físico moderado durante el periodo de gestación aporta beneficios tanto a la mujer embarazada como al feto. Los trabajos de investigación consultados vinculan la actividad física con una reducción del número de cesáreas, de partos instrumentados y con un parto más fisiológico. Previene igualmente la ganancia excesiva de peso de la mujer, disminuye el riesgo de diabetes gestacional y de hipertensión arterial. Objetivo: el objetivo de esta investigación es conocer si un programa de ejercicio físico de carácter moderado con el método Study Water Exercise Pregnant (SWEP), realizado en un medio acuático, contribuye a obtener unos resultados más favorables en la etapa perinatal, tanto para la mujer como para el bebé. Material y métodos: el diseño que se llevará a cabo es un ensayo clínico aleatorizado. La muestra estará constituida por 364 gestantes, obtenida de un universo total de 6.579 partos acontecidos en Granada (España) durante el año 2014. Dicha muestra se ha dividido en dos grupos, uno de intervención y otro de control. La actividad se realizará en las instalaciones deportivas acuáticas de la Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte de la Universidad de Granada, que cuentan con dos vasos adecuados a nuestros objetivos, uno polivalente de 25 metros y otro de enseñanza de 12,5 metros. Resultados: el programa de ejercicios diseñado específicamente para el proyecto denominado SWEP, abarca desde la 20 hasta la 37 semana de gestación (SG) y consta de tres sesiones semanales, con una duración de 60 minutos cada una. Las sesiones incluirán tres fases: fase de calentamiento, fase principal en la que el ejercicio se divide en una parte aeróbica y otra de ejercicios de fuerza y resistencia y una final con estiramientos y relajación. Las variables que se van a estudiar son las siguientes: a) maternas: peso, IMC, tensión arterial, test de O´Sullivan, aparición de depresión postparto, nivel de autopercepción de salud, calidad del sueño y esfuerzo percibido durante la actividad física; b) fetales: peso, test de Apgar, perímetro cefálico y SG (semana de gestación al nacimiento); c) periparto: tiempos de dilatación, expulsivo y alumbramiento, tipo de parto, presencia de episiotomía, tipo de alimentación que recibe el RN y tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva; y d) descriptivas: edad, profesión, nivel de estudios, tipo de ejercicio físico realizado previamente y FO (fórmula obstétrica). Conclusión: con la actividad física acuática moderada, por parte de la embarazada (método SWEP), se pretenden mejorar las variables arriba indicadas.Introduction: Moderate exercise training during the pregnancy benefits both the pregnant woman and the fetus. The research papers consulted have linked physical activity with the reduction of the number of cesareans, instrumental delivery and with a more physiological delivery. It also prevents excessive weight gain in women and decreases the risk of gestational diabetes and high blood pressure. Aims: The aim of this research is to know if an exercise program of moderate character with Water Study Exercise Pregnant (SWEP) method, performed in an aquatic environment, contributes to have more favorable results in the perinatal period, both for women and baby. Material and methods: The design is a randomized clinical trial. The sample will consist of 364 pregnant women, with a total universe of 6,579 births occurred in Granada (Spain) during 2014. The sample was divided into two groups, intervention group and control group. The activity will be carried out in the water sporting facilities of the Faculty of Sports Science of the University of Granada, which have two pools suitable for our purposes: a 25-meter polyvalent pool and a 12.5-meter pool for training. Results: The exercise program designed specifically for the project called SWEP is performed from 20 to 37 weeks of gestation (SG), and it consists of three weekly sessions, with duration of 60 minutes each. Sessions will include three phases: warm-up phase, the main phase in which the exercise is divided into an aerobic phase and strength training and endurance training phase and a final phase of stretching and relaxation. The variables that will be studied are: a) Maternal: weight, BMI, blood pressure, O’Sullivan test, postpartum depression, level of self-rated health, sleep quality and perceived exertion during physical activity; b) fetal: weight, Apgar scores, head circumference and GA (Gestational age); c) peripartum: time dilation, expulsion and delivery, type of delivery, episiotomy, type of feed received by the RN and time of exclusive breastfeeding; and d) descriptive: age, occupation, education level, type of exercise done before and OF (obstetric formula). Conclusion: With aquatic moderate physical activity during pregnancy (method SWEP), we intended to improve the variables above

Development of a VR application for binge eating treatment: identification of contexts and cues related to bingeing behavior in spanish italian patients

The objective of this study was to identify frequent situations and specific cues that produce the craving to binge in Spanish and Italian samples of patients with eating disorders (ED). There were two main aims: to assess transcultural differences in the contexts and cues that elicit food craving; and to develop valid, reliable VR environments for effective cue-exposure therapy (CET) for patients from both countries. Twenty-six Spanish and 75 Italian ED patients completed an ad hoc questionnaire to assess contexts and cues that trigger the craving to binge. No differences between groups were found. All patients reported experiencing higher levels of craving in the afternoon/early evening and in the late evening/night, between meals, when alone, and more frequently at the end of the week. Being in the dining room, the kitchen, the bedroom, the bakery and the supermarket were the specific situations that produced the highest levels of craving to binge. We used the questionnaire results to develop a virtual reality application for CET

Twenty-year secular trends in infective endocarditis in a teaching hospital

Background. The purpose of this study was to analyze the secular trends of infective endocarditis in a teaching hospital between January 1996 and December 2015. Methods. We report on a single-center retrospective study of patients with left-side valve infective endocarditis. We performed an analysis of secular trends in the main epidemiological and etiological aspects, as well as clinical outcomes, in 5 successive 4-year periods (P1 to P5). Results. In total, 595 episodes of infective endocarditis were included, of which 76% were community-acquired and 31.3% involved prosthetic valves. Among the cases, 70% occurred in men, and the mean age (SD) was 64.1 (14.3) years. A significant increase in older patients (age ≥70 years) between P1 (15.332%) and P5 (51.9%; P < .001) was observed. The rate of infective endo- carditis on biological prostheses also increased in the prosthetic group, accounting for 30% in P1 and 67.3% in P5 (P < .001). By contrast, there were significant decreases in vascular and immunological phenomena over the study period, with decreases in the presence of moderate to severe valvular insufficiency (75.9% in P1 to 52.6% in P5; P < .001) and valvular surgery (43% in P1 vs 29.6% in P5; P = .006). Finally, overall mortality was 23.9%, and although it was highest in P1, it subsequently remained stable through P2 to P5 (38% in P1 to 20% in P5; P = .004). Conclusions. There has been a significant increase in infective endocarditis in older patients. The decrease in moderate to severe valve regurgitation at diagnosis could explain the stable mortality despite the increase in the mean age of patients over time

Understanding the Early Evolutionary Stages of a Tandem Drosophilamelanogaster-Specific Gene Family: A Structural and Functional Population Study

Gene families underlie genetic innovation and phenotypic diversification. However, our understanding of the early genomic and functional evolution of tandemly arranged gene families remains incomplete as paralog sequence similarity hinders their accurate characterization. The Drosophila melanogaster-specific gene family Sdic is tandemly repeated and impacts sperm competition. We scrutinized Sdic in 20 geographically diverse populations using reference-quality genome assemblies, read-depth methodologies, and qPCR, finding that ∼90% of the individuals harbor 3-7 copies as well as evidence of population differentiation. In strains with reliable gene annotations, copy number variation (CNV) and differential transposable element insertions distinguish one structurally distinct version of the Sdic region per strain. All 31 annotated copies featured protein-coding potential and, based on the protein variant encoded, were categorized into 13 paratypes differing in their 3′ ends, with 3-5 paratypes coexisting in any strain examined. Despite widespread gene conversion, the only copy present in all strains has functionally diverged at both coding and regulatory levels under positive selection. Contrary to artificial tandem duplications of the Sdic region that resulted in increased male expression, CNV in cosmopolitan strains did not correlate with expression levels, likely as a result of differential genome modifier composition. Duplicating the region did not enhance sperm competitiveness, suggesting a fitness cost at high expression levels or a plateau effect. Beyond facilitating a minimally optimal expression level, Sdic CNV acts as a catalyst of protein and regulatory diversity, showcasing a possible evolutionary path recently formed tandem multigene families can follow toward long-term consolidation in eukaryotic genomes