REVISIONE DEI MODELLI NUMERICI ALLA MACROSCALA PER LO STUDIO DEL FENOMENO DI INFRAGILIMENTO DA IDROGENO

Il fenomeno di infragilimento da idrogeno, noto da diversi anni, rimane un argomento di grande interesse scientifico. Di recente, in letteratura l’attenzione si è spostata prevalentemente sullo sviluppo di modelli numerici in grado di riprodurre il fenomeno o di chiarire e/o interpretare alcuni aspetti che lo caratterizzano. Diverse sono le scale dimensionali considerate: scala atomistica, nano, meso, macroscala. I modelli sviluppati alla macroscala sono prevalentemente modelli ad elementi finiti di tipo coesivo il cui scopo è la valutazione della resistenza meccanica di un materiale sotto effetto combinato di sollecitazione meccanica applicata e ambiente aggressivo, in particolare ricco di idrogeno atomico. Il presente lavoro propone una revisione dei modelli numerici alla macroscala presenti in letteratura al fine di riassumere lo stato dell’arte, di valutare pro e contro dei modelli presenti e individuare quali possano essere gli sviluppi futuri per l’ottimizzazione di un approccio numerico a questa scala

Phosphorescent-based pavements for counteracting urban overheating – A proof of concept

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Protest and the Democratic Order

The introduction of this special issue elaborates a research perspective on the meaning and function of political protest in the context of democratic orders. Starting from the consideration that protest and democratic orders form a close interrelationship, we ask how and to what extent democracy is imagined, negotiated, and problematized within protest, and how democratic orders and politics shape the formation of protest. To this end, we argue for a combination of Democratic Theory and Social Movement Studies. Interweaving these two traditions allows for empirically saturated and theoretically sound interpretations of recent episodes of contention. With this research perspective, we not only gain a deeper understanding of protest dynamics, but also of contemporary social and political transformations within modern democratic societies

Bioactive compounds in different coffee beverages for quality and sustainability assessment

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide, mainly due to its organoleptic, and psychoactive properties. Coffee brewing techniques involve the use of different extraction/infusion conditions (i.e., time, temperature, pressure, water/powder ratio, etc.), which can influence the quality of the final product. The study aimed to analyze the effect of four brewing coffee techniques (industrial espresso machine, Moka machine, pod machine, and capsule machine), which are the most used coffee brewing methods in Italy, on the quality and safety of the coffee brews, taking into account the profile of biogenic amines (BAs), total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and anti-radical activity (DPPH and ABTS assay). Eight coffee powders and brewed beverages from two different brands belonging to the 100% Arabica variety (country of origin Brazil) were analysed. The brewing techniques all resulted in a reduction of both BA content (27–30%), TPC (55–60%), TFC (50–55%), and anti-radical assays (45–50%) in coffee beverages compared to ground coffee samples. The study also showed that Moka is the method that yields the highest TPC (2.71–3.52 mg GAE/g coffee powder) and TFC (8.50–8.60 mg RUT/g coffee powder) content and highest anti-radical capacity in coffee beverages. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed a difference between coffee powder and infusions and coffee infusions obtained by different extraction techniques. Moreover, an analysis of the environmental impacts related to the different coffee preparation methods examined was conducted. This was performed by applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology through SimaPro v.9.2.2. software

Integrated 3D information for custom-made bone grafts: focus on biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitute biomaterials

none5Purpose: Several studies showed that the sintering temperature of 1250 °C could affect the formation of α-Ca3(PO4)2, which is responsible for the reduction of the hardness value of biphasic calcium phosphate biocomposites, but they did not evaluate the inference of the sintering time at peak temperature on transition of β-Ca3(PO4)2 to α-Ca3(PO4)2. This analysis explored, in an innovative way, inferences and correlations between volumetric microstructure, mechanical properties, sintering temperature, and time at peak temperature in order to find the best sintering conditions for biphasic calcium phosphate composites grafted in severe alveolar bone defects. Methods: Sintered biphasic calcium phosphates (30%-hydroxyapatite/70%-tricalcium phosphate) were tested by microCT imaging for the 3D morphometric analysis, by compressive loading to find their mechanical parameters, and by X-ray diffraction to quantify the phases via Rietveld refinement for different sintering temperatures and times at the peak temperature. Data were analysed in terms of statistical inference using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Results: All the studied scaffolds closely mimicked the alveolar organization of the jawbone, independently on the sintering temperatures and times; however, mechanical testing revealed that the group with peak temperature, which lasted for 2 hours at 1250 °C, showed the highest strength both at the ultimate point and at fracture point. Conclusion: The good mechanical performances of the group with peak temperature, which lasted for 2 hours at 1250 °C, is most likely due to the absence of the α-Ca3(PO4)2 phase, as revealed by X-ray diffraction. However, we detected its presence after sintering at the same peak temperature for longer times, showing the time-dependence, combined with the temperature-dependence, of the β-Ca3(PO4)2 to α-Ca3(PO4)2 transition.openAlessandra Giuliani; Maria Laura Gatto; Luigi Gobbi; Francesco Guido Mangano; Carlo ManganoGiuliani, Alessandra; Gatto, MARIA LAURA; Gobbi, Luigi; Guido Mangano, Francesco; Mangano, Carl

Novel insights into pericarp, protein body globoids of aleurone layer, starchy granules of three cereals gained using atomic force microscopy and environmental scanning electronic microscopy

In this study, we applied Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (ESEM-EDS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis of three different cereal caryopses: barley, oat and einkorn wheat. The morphological structures, chemical elemental composition and surface characteristics of the three cereals were described. Regarding the morphology, barley showed the thickest pericarp, providing a strong barrier to digestion and absorption of nutrients. The aleurone layer of each cereal type contained protein body globoids within its cells. Large type-A and small type-B starchy granules were revealed in the endosperm of barley and einkorn wheat, whereas irregular starchy granules were found in oats. The starchy granule elemental composition, detected by ESEM-EDS, was rather homogenous in the three cereals, whereas the pericarp and protein body globoids showed heterogeneity. In the protein body globoids, oats showed higher P and K concentrations than barley and einkorn wheat. Regarding the topographic profiles, detected by AFM, einkorn wheat starchy granules showed a surface profile that differed significantly from that of oats and barley, which were quite similar to one another. The present work provides insights into the morphological and chemical makeup of the three grains shedding light on the higher bio-accessibility of einkorn wheat nutrients compared to barley and oats, providing important suggestions for human nutrition and technological standpoints

Cuestionario para evaluar las disfuncionalidades de las articulaciones temporomandibulares en artritis reumatoide

Fil: Rhys, Karen Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Fisiología; Argentina.Fil: Gobbi, Carla Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Clínica Médica; Argentina.Fil: Busamia, Beatriz Ester. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Fisiología; Argentina.Fil: Albiero, Eduardo Horacio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Clínica Médica; Argentina.Fil: Lagnarini, Ana Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Prostodoncia I; Argentina.Fil: Alba, Paula Beatríz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.Objectives: To design a useful tool for derivations from the Rheumatology Service to the Dentistry Service of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who present possible pathologies in the temporomandibular joints (TMJ). Methods: A dichotomous questionnaire was designed which was called: Questionnaire to evaluate the dysfunction of the temporomandibular joints in rheumatoid arthritis (CEDATAR). It was structured in four dimensions: dynamic, static, translation in closing and translation in opening. It was performed by the rheumatologist in the quarterly consultation (attached in table 1). A Correspondence Analysis of Factors was carried out. Internal consistency was evaluated by Crombach?s Alpha. It was validated with expert specialists who completed multiple grids. It was applied to one hundred patients who attended the Rheumatology Service of the Hospital Córdoba consecutively. The patients signed the informed consent and presented a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. The present study is approved by the Cieis of Adults of the Córdoba Hospital. Results: The Correspondence Analysis was good (attached in graph 1). Crombach?s Alpha was 0.76, it showed internal consistency. The lack of symptoms expressed by the patient to the professional was evidenced. The patients considered that if they did not feel pain in the TMJ, it was not necessary to inform the rheumatologist, however, CEDATAR allowed to show that if there was pathology in the TMJs. although they did not present painful symptoms. Conclusions: Since rheumatoid arthritis is a declared disease of importance in public health and health policies, the use of CEDATAR in daily rheumatology consultations would be of imponderable relevance. It would speed up dental therapy since the patient would be referred before presenting joint pain and would allow limiting the advance of the autoimmune disease at the level of the temporomandibular joints. It would provide a favorable prognosis due to early diagnosis and therefore limit injuries and disabilities. 113. ID 3643235Objetivos: Diseñar una herramienta útil para las interconsultas y derivaciones del Servicio de Reumatología al Servicio de Odontología de pacientes con artritis reumatoide que presenten posibles patologías en las articulaciones temporomandibulares (ATM). Métodos: Se diseñó un cuestionario dicotómico al que se denominó: Cuestionario para evaluar las disfuncionalidades de las articulaciones temporomandibulares en artritis reumatoide (CEDATAR). Se estructuró en cuatro dimensiones: dinámica, estática, traslación en cierre y traslación en apertura. Lo realizó el médico reumatólogo en la consulta trimestral (se adjunta en tabla n°1). Se efectuó un Análisis de Correspondencia de Factores. Se evaluó la consistencia interna por el Alfa de Crombach. Se lo validó con especialistas expertos que completaron múltiples grillas. Se aplicó a cien pacientes que asistieron en forma consecutiva al Servicio de Reumatología del Hospital Córdoba. Los pacientes firmaron el consentimiento informado y presentaron diagnóstico de artritis reumatoide según los criterios de la American College of Rheumatology. El presente estudio se encuentra aprobado por el Cieis del Adulto del Hospital Córdoba. Resultados: El Análisis de Correspondencia fue bueno (se adjunta gráfico n°1). El Alfa de Crombach fue de 0,76, demostró consistencia interna. Se evidenció la falta de sintomatología expresada por el paciente al profesional. Los pacientes consideraron que si no sentían dolor en las ATM no era necesario informar al médico reumatólogo, sin embargo, CEDATAR permitió mostrar que si existía patología en las ATM aunque no presentaban sintomatología dolorosa. Conclusiones: Ya que la artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad declarada de importancia en salud pública y políticas sanitarias, sería de imponderable relevancia la utilización de CEDATAR en las consultas reumatológicas cotidianas. Agilizaría las terapéuticas odontológicas ya que el paciente sería derivado antes de presentar dolor articular y permitiría limitar el avance de la enfermedad autoinmune a nivel de las articulaciones temporomandibulares. Suministraría un pronóstico favorable por el iagnóstico precoz y limitaría lesiones y discapacidades.https://saio.org.ar/?page_id=122Fil: Rhys, Karen Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Fisiología; Argentina.Fil: Gobbi, Carla Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Clínica Médica; Argentina.Fil: Busamia, Beatriz Ester. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Fisiología; Argentina.Fil: Albiero, Eduardo Horacio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Clínica Médica; Argentina.Fil: Lagnarini, Ana Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Prostodoncia I; Argentina.Fil: Alba, Paula Beatríz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.Otras Ciencias de la Salu

COTAS ELEITORAIS E SUB-REPRESENTAÇÃO FEMININA NAS ELEIÇÕES MUNICIPAIS BRASILEIRAS DE 2012 E 2016

 Currently, in Brazil, women occupy low percentages in the elective offices despite representing more than half of the population and the electorate. One of the solutions found was the creation of laws that guarantee quotas to encourage female participation in electoral processes. However, the literature constantly questions these mechanisms' effectiveness. With the political reform debate, the gender parity issues in elections emerged again, and the 2015 mini-electoral reform revised the law provisions with intent to reduce the female under-representation. The present work aims to comparatively analyze the electoral data of the 2012 and 2016 municipal elections and assess whether the changes promoted by the mini-electoral reform had any effectiveness in increasing the number of female candidates. The work presents a review of the electoral legislation about the quota law and its changes over time until the 2015 reform and contextualization of the 2012 and 2016 municipal elections. The data about the two elections will be presented to comparatively analyze whether there has been an improvement in performance and an increase in the number of candidates based on data from the Superior Electoral Court. In conclusion, we discuss the points of effectiveness and failure of the quota law in BrazilActualmente en Brasil, las mujeres ocupan porcentajes bajos de cargos electivos, a pesar de representar a más de la mitad de la población y el electorado. Una de las soluciones encontradas fue la creación de disposiciones legales que garanticen las cuotas y alienten la participación de las mujeres en los procesos electorales, pero la eficacia de estos mecanismos es cuestionada constantemente por la literatura. Con el debate sobre la reforma política, se volvió a plantear la cuestión de la paridad de género en las elecciones y en 2015, con la mini reforma electoral, se revisaron las disposiciones de la ley para reducir la subrepresentación. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar comparativamente los datos electorales de las elecciones municipales de 2012 y 2016 y evaluar si los cambios promovidos por la mini reforma electoral tuvieron alguna efectividad para aumentar el número de mujeres candidatas. Para cumplir con los objetivos del trabajo, se presenta una breve revisión de la ley de cuotas electorales y sus cambios a lo largo del tiempo, hasta la mini reforma de 2015 que afecta nuestro recorte, así como la contextualización de las elecciones municipales de 2012 y 2016. Se presentarán los datos relacionados con las dos elecciones, con el fin de analizar comparativamente si ha habido una mejora en el desempeño y un aumento en el número de candidatos con base en los datos del Tribunal Superior Electoral. Y finalmente, las conclusiones, donde se discutirán los puntos de efectividad y fracaso de la ley de cuotas en Brasil.  Atualmente no Brasil as mulheres ocupam baixos percentuais de cargos eletivos, apesar de representarem mais da metade da população e do eleitorado. Uma das saídas encontradas foi a criação de dispositivos de lei que garantam cotas e incentivem a participação das mulheres em processos eleitorais, porém a efetividade desses mecanismos é constantemente questionada pela literatura. Com a discussão sobre a reforma política, a questão da paridade de gênero nas eleições foi novamente levantada e em 2015 com a minirreforma eleitoral os dispositivos de lei foram revistos afim de diminuir a sub-representação. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar comparativamente os dados eleitorais das eleições municipais de 2012 e 2016 e aferir se as mudanças promovidas pela minirreforma eleitoral tiveram alguma efetividade no aumento de mulheres candidatas. Para atender os objetivos do trabalho, são apresentadas uma breve recapitulação sobre a lei de cotas eleitorais e suas modificações ao longo do tempo, até a minirreforma de 2015 que atinge nosso recorte, assim como a contextualização das eleições municipais de 2012 e 2016. Em seguida serão apresentados os dados relativos aos dois pleitos, a fim de analisar comparativamente se houve melhora no desempenho e aumento do número de candidaturas tendo como base dados do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. E por fim, as conclusões, onde serão discutidos os pontos de efetividade e falha da lei de cotas no Brasil

Factors influencing weight loss practices in Italian boxers: A cluster analysis

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. It is common practice in combat sports that athletes rapidly lose body weight before a match, by applying different practices—some safer and others possibly dangerous. The factors behind the choice of practices utilised have not been fully studied. This study aimed to investigate the weight loss strategies used by Italian boxers and to look at the difference between higher and lower risk practice adaptors. A modified version of a validated questionnaire has been sent to 164 amateur (88%) and professional (12%) boxers by email. A heatmap with hierarchical clustering was used to explore the presence of subgroups. Weight loss strategies were used by 88% of the athletes. Two clusters were found, defined by the severity of weight loss behaviours. Professional fighters, high-level athletes and females were more represented in Cluster 2, the one with more severe weight-loss practices. These athletes were characterised by a higher weight loss magnitude and frequency throughout the season and reported being more influenced by physicians and nutritionists, compared with the boxers in Cluster 1. Not all the weight loss practices are used with the same frequency by all boxers. The level of the athlete and the boxing style have an influence on the weight-cutting practices