Will a Private War on Poverty Succeed? The Case of the St. Louis Provident Association

In view of the current emphasis on private approaches to social problem resolution, it is instructive to look at private efforts of the past. The St. Louis Provident Association was a private effort to deal with poverty. It was organized in 1860 to provide relief for the needy and distressed. Data on the volunteer leaders of the association and on the people who were actually helped show a number of things about the 19th-century effort to deal with poverty. First, the volunteers were upwardly- mobile business and professional men who were concerned about the stability of their society. Second, the policies and practices of the Association reflected the social status and ideology of the volunteer directors. Third, the consequences for the poor were a limited amount of help and disproportionate help to particular groups of the impoverished

Bildungspolitik in Frankreich

Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die wesentlichen bildungspolitischen Erfahrungen der letzten Jahrzehnte in Frankreich darzustellen und im Hinblick auf die bildungspolitische Debatte in Deutschland zu bewerten. Die allgemeinen Ziele der Bildungspolitik - wie z.B. die Anhebung des Bildungsniveaus, die Verwirklichung sozialer Chancengleichheit, die Anpassung an den wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Wandel - sowie ein großer Teil der Herausforderungen an das französische Bildungssystem - wie z.B. die Bildungsexpansion, die Heterogenität der Schüler- und Studentenbevölkerung, die hohe Arbeitslosigkeit sowie steigende Kosten - gelten zum Teil auch für Deutschland. Somit zeigen die in Frankreich ergriffenen Maßnahmen alternative Wege, auf ähnliche Herausforderungen zu reagieren

The Role of Acculturation Differences and Acculturation Conflict in Latino Family Mental Health

In order to help address the mental health disparities that exist for Latino families in the U.S., the current study sought to examine the acculturation–mental health link within the context of Latino families and to identify potential mechanisms for intervention to alleviate mental health problems in this population. Specifically, our goal was to examine how parent–adolescent acculturation differences were related to mental health in Latino adolescents and their parents and to understand the role of acculturation conflict and family functioning within Latino families. Participants included 84 adolescent–parent dyads recruited through bilingual middle schools. We found partial support for our hypothesis that family functioning mediates the relationship between acculturation differences and mental health outcomes for Latino parents. Additionally, we found partial support for our moderated mediation hypothesis; specifically, a significant conditional indirect effect was found for Latino cognitive acculturation differences on adolescent externalizing problems via family functioning at high levels of acculturation conflict. Exploratory analyses also indicated that acculturation conflict moderates the relationship between family functioning and externalizing problems for Latino adolescents. Results highlight the importance of understanding acculturation within the context of Latino families, as findings differed for adolescents and their parents. Additionally, findings suggest that differences in acculturation may not always be problematic and their impact likely depends on how families interpret such differences

Evolving R Coronae Borealis Stars with MESA

The R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars are rare hydrogen--deficient, carbon--rich supergiants. They undergo extreme, irregular declines in brightness of many magnitudes due to the formation of thick clouds of carbon dust. It is thought that RCB stars result from the mergers of CO/He white dwarf (WD) binaries. We constructed post--merger spherically asymmetric models computed with the MESA code, and then followed the evolution into the region of the HR diagram where the RCB stars are located. We also investigated nucleosynthesis in the dynamically accreting material of CO/He WD mergers which may provide a suitable environment for significant production of 18O and the very low 16O/18O values observed. We have also discovered that the N abundance depends sensitively on the peak temperature in the He--burning shell. Our MESA modeling consists of engineering the star by adding He--WD material to an initial CO--WD model, and then following the post--merger evolution using a nuclear--reaction network to match the observed RCB abundances as it expands and cools to become an RCB star. These new models are more physical because they include rotation, mixing, mass-loss, and nucleosynthesis within MESA. We follow the later evolution beyond the RCB phase to determine the stars' likely lifetimes. The relative numbers of known RCB and Extreme Helium (EHe) stars correspond well to the lifetimes predicted from the MESA models. In addition, most of computed abundances agree very well with the observed range of abundances for the RCB class.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS in pres

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Outcomes of a Culturally Adapted Evidence-Based Treatment for Latino Youth With ADHD

Objective: To advance our knowledge about the most effective way to treat Latino youth with ADHD, the current feasibility and pilot study compared a culturally adapted evidence-based treatment (CAT) for ADHD to standard evidence-based treatment (EBT). Method: Following a comprehensive ADHD assessment, 61 Latino families of school-aged children (mean age of 8 years) were randomly assigned to either CAT or standard EBT (i.e., parent management training). Results: CAT outperformed standard EBT when examining homework completion and mother-reported treatment satisfaction. Apart from two trends favoring CAT, CAT and EBT both resulted in significant improvements in parent- and teacher-reported ADHD symptoms and functional impairment, as well as mother- and father-reported parental functioning. Conclusion: CAT outperformed standard EBT when examining several engagement and acceptability outcomes. CAT and EBT were equally effective when examining traditional treatment outcomes, which is impressive considering the robustness of standard EBT, especially when delivered by culturally competent staff

Incremental Clinical Utility of ADHD Assessment Measures With Latino Families

Objective: This study examined the incremental clinical utility of parent and teacher reports of ADHD symptomatology and functional impairment in Latino youth, as well as parent and teacher agreement with the final clinical judgment on a diagnostic structured interview. Method: Participants included 70 Latino youth (47 males, 23 females; M age = 8.13 years, SD = 2.51 years) and their parents and teachers; 60 participants were diagnosed with ADHD. Correlations, percent agreement, kappas, and regressions were utilized. Results: Results demonstrated that teachers agreed with the final clinical judgment more often than did parents. Results additionally demonstrated that functional impairment did not statistically significantly improve diagnostic models already including ADHD symptoms; follow-up analyses were run and are discussed. Finally, results demonstrated that teacher reports statistically significantly improved diagnostic models already including parent reports. Conclusion: The current findings suggest the importance of including both parent and teacher reports of both ADHD symptomatology and functional impairment when assessing ADHD in Latino youth

Studying the Reaction 34AR(ALPHA,P)37K and Its Impact on XRB Nucleosynthesis and Observables

Type I X-Ray bursts (XRB’s) are a site of nucleosynthesis for some proton-rich elements up to A=100. These stellar explosions occur on the surface of a neutron star in a Low- Mass X-ray Binary accreting H- and He-rich material. During accretion nuclear burning occurs through stable processes such as the hot CNO (HCNO) cycles, but at some critical accretion condition the the HCNO cycles are bypassed through a breakout reaction. This triggers the thermonuclear runaway of the XRB. During the burst, nucleosynthesis on certain proton-rich nuclei, called (α, p) waiting points, can stall which could stall the energy generation and diminish the light curve. These waiting-point nuclei, such as 34 Ar, are in (p, γ) − (γ, p) equilibrium due to their low Q(p,γ) values, and do not immediately β+ decay due to long half lives, but the (α, p) reaction may provide a path to break out of the waiting point. We performed proton elastic scattering by 37 K to study the compound nucleus 38Ca, at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory using a 4.448 MeV/u beam of 37 K incident on a 30 μm-thick polypropylene target. This was done over 13 days with detector equipment designed and built at Louisiana State University. Scattered protons were measured in telescopes of Si strip detectors, while heavy recoils were detected in a gas-filled ionization chamber. An R-matrix analysis of the measured scattering cross section calculated properties of resonances in 38 Ca that are important for determining the 34 Ar(α, p)37 K reaction rate. This analysis found spin assignments for 11 resonances, of varying levels of confidence. Four states were identified as 2+ with high confidence, along with an additional resonance not discovered by previous work. The quantities determined by this analysis were used to calculate a reaction rate. This rate was input in stellar evolution models built with the software MESA. A 1D model mimicking the “Clocked Burster” GS 1826-24 was evolved using the standard vi REACLIB reaction rate and the rate factor found in this work. The observables were then compared with a baseline and to observational results

Evaluating Effectiveness of Using Business Education Department Prepared Video Tapes in the Teaching of Intermediate Typewriting at Utah State University

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of teaching intermediate typewriting at Utah State University during the Spring and Fall Quarters, 1971, utilizing a system incorporating prepared video tapes with the conventional teacher presentation method. There were 60 experimental and 60 control students used in the experiment. Those students in the experimental group received all their instruction via prepared video tapes while the control group received all their instruction in the conventional teacher presentation. The final measure utilized for comparing learning programs in the two groups was student performance in the following areas: straight copy timed writings gross words per minute and rate of accuracy, manuscript typing total gross words and rate of accuracy , letter typing total gross words and rate of accuracy, and statistical tabulation typing total gross words and rate of accuracy. Error measurement was based upon error rate rather than absolute errors. There were eight null hypotheses tested at the .05 level of significance. Since the study employed two groups of students who did not have pre-experimental sampling equivalence, scores were obtained for every student on pre and posttesting in the four major areas. These test scores were then used in the analysis of covariance technique because the groups available were intact or administratively organized groups within the University. The tests were developed by the author and were correlated with those commonly used to measure achievement in typewriting. A correlation coefficient using the Pearson r was used to determine test validity and reliability. The tests contained the same syllable intensity (1. 5) and approximate word length. The pretests were administered at the beginning of each quarter while the posttests were given during each quarter at the end of each unit of instruction. The Experimental group achieved higher than the Control group during the Fall Quarter in letter typing total gross words and during the Combined Quarters in statistical tabulation total gross words. The Experimental group achieved a more significant amount of errors during the Fall and Combined Quarters in straight copy timed writings. However, as the result of confusion with the posttesting in this area, these results may not be a true measurement of the students. In all other areas of testing there was no significant difference. In analyzing the accuracy data further, the error rate ranged from a low of .019 to a high of .036. The difficulty of the test copy had very little effect upon the rate of accuracy. The students in the Experimental group answering an evaluation form pertaining to video instruction, gave high approval to the use of prepared video tapes as a medium of instruction

Quantitative evaluation of multiband photographic techniques Final report

Quantitative evaluation of multiband photographic techniques using combination of black and white and color photo

Design and Validation of Embedded Real-Time Applications

International audienceThe design and validation of embedded real-time applications is challenging, especially when legacy sub-systems are involved. To account for the uncertainty in system-development at early design stages we use statistical modelling and discrete event simulation to perform sensitivity analysis. These analysis results provide vital information about the system characteristics and indicate usage scenarios where the behaviour of the system differs significantly from the average case. Based on the simulation results and the initial system requirements a usage model for the application is being set up. The model represents the requirements in an unambiguous and traceably correct manner. For each possible path through the model, considering stimuli and their timing, a unique system reaction is defined. This way the requirements are clarified. The usage model allows the derivation of test cases that can be used in the design phase to validate the model and in the acceptance phase to test the final system. Through the combination of the simulation results and the usage modelling we are able to:•identify critical system conditions.•validate the system design w.r.t. the usage modelThe proposed methods are currently applied in both the design and validation of safety critical applications