Lean-johtaminen ja Toyota kata

Tiivistelmä. Tämän kandidaatintyön tavoitteena on tutustua lean-johtamiseen ja Toyota kataan sekä lisätä lukijan tietoisuutta aiheista. Työ on toteutettu kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Työssä perehdytään yleisesti lean-filosofiaan ja sen ydinajatukseen sekä lean-johtamiseen ja sen toteuttamiseen työympäristössä. Leanin ympärille keskittyvien aiheiden lisäksi perehdytään siihen, mitä Toyotan kata on ja mitkä ovat sen osa-alueet. Luettuaan työn lukijalla on käsitys lean-johtamisesta ja Toyotan katasta. Lukija oppii tietämään, mihin käyttötarkoituksiin aiheet ovat ja mistä osista ne koostuvat. Työn tuloksena voidaan pitää tiedon lisääntymistä aihealueista, sillä työ kehitettiin juuri tämän tavoitteen saavuttamiseksi.Lean management and Toyota kata. Abstract. The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis is to familiarize the reader with lean management and Toyota kata. This thesis has been conducted as a literary survey. The thesis generally introduces lean philosophy and its central theme, along with lean management and its implementation in working environment. In addition to the topics centered around lean, Toyota kata and its components are explored. The reading of this thesis allows the reader to obtain an idea of lean management and Toyota kata. The reader will know what these concepts are used for and what they consist of. As was meant to, the increase of knowledge can be seen as the result of this thesis

First Search for Exclusive Diphoton Production at High Mass with Tagged Protons in Proton-Proton Collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search for exclusive two-photon production via photon exchange in proton-proton collisions, pp -> p gamma gamma p with intact protons, is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 9.4 fb(-1) collected in 2016 using the CMS and TOTEM detectors at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeVat the LHC. Events are selected with a diphoton invariant mass above 350 GeVand with both protons intact in the final state, to reduce backgrounds from strong interactions. The events of interest are those where the invariant mass and rapidity calculated from the momentum losses of the forward-moving protons match the mass and rapidity of the central, two-photon system. No events are found that satisfy this condition. Interpreting this result in an effective dimension-8 extension of the standard model, the first limits are set on the two anomalous four-photon coupling parameters. If the other parameter is constrained to its standard model value, the limits at 95% confidence level are vertical bar zeta(1)vertical bar < 2.9 x 10(-1)3 GeV-4 and vertical bar zeta(2)vertical bar < 6.0 x 10(-13) GeV-4.Peer reviewe

Constructing the accurate forecast:an actor-network theory approach

Abstract Purpose: This paper empirically demonstrates the major organizational events of a rolling forecasting process and the roles of controllers therein. In particular, this study aims to investigate how the understanding of a “realistic forecast” is translated and questioned by various mediators in the rolling forecasting process and how it affects the quality of planning as the ultimate accuracy of forecasts is seen as important. Design/methodology/approach: This study follows an actor-network theory (ANT) approach and maps the key points of translation in the rolling forecasting process by inspecting the roles of mediators. This qualitative case study is based on interviews with controllers and managers involved in the forecasting process in a single manufacturing company. Findings: The paper identified two episodes of translation in the forecasting process, in which the forecast partially stabilized to create room for managerial discussion and debate. The abilities of controllers to infiltrate various functional groups and calculative practices appeared to be one way to control the accuracy of forecasting, although this was built on a façade of neutrality. Originality/value: Prior literature identifies the aims of interactive planning processes as being to improve the quality of planning. The authors apply ANT to better understand the nature of mediators in constructing an entity called a “realistic rolling forecast”

Search for high-mass exclusive γγ → WW and γγ → ZZ production in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Search for high-mass exclusive γγ\gamma\gamma→\to WW and γγ\gamma\gamma→\to ZZ production in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

A search is performed for exclusive high-mass $\gamma\gamma$$\to$ WW and $\gamma\gamma$$\to$ ZZ production in proton-proton collisions using intact forward protons reconstructed in near-beam detectors, with both weak bosons decaying into boosted and merged jets. The analysis is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS and TOTEM experiments at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 100 fb$^{−1}$. No excess above the standard model background prediction is observed, and upper limits are set on the pp → pWWp and pp → pZZp cross sections in a fiducial region defined by the diboson invariant mass m(VV) > 1 TeV (with V = W, Z) and proton fractional momentum loss 0.04 < $ξ$ < 0.20. The results are interpreted as new limits on dimension-6 and dimension-8 anomalous quartic gauge couplings.[graphic not available: see fulltext

First search for exclusive diphoton production at high mass with tagged protons in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

A search for exclusive two-photon production via photon exchange in proton-proton collisions, pp $\to$ p$\gamma\gamma$p with intact protons, is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 9.4 fb$^{-1}$ collected in 2016 using the CMS and TOTEM detectors at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the LHC. Events are selected with a diphoton invariant mass above 350 GeV and with both protons intact in the final state, to reduce backgrounds from strong interactions. The events of interest are those where the invariant mass and rapidity calculated from the momentum losses of the forward-moving protons matches the mass and rapidity of the central, two-photon system. No events are found that satisfy this condition. Interpreting this result in an effective dimension-8 extension of the standard model, the first limits are set on the two anomalous four-photon coupling parameters. If the other parameter is constrained to its standard model value, the limits at 95% CL are $\lvert\zeta_1\rvert$ $\lt$ 2.9 $\times$ 10$^{-13}$ GeV$^{-4}$ and $\lvert\zeta_2\rvert$ $\lt$ 6.0 $\times$ 10$^{-13}$ GeV$^{-4}$

Search for high-mass exclusive diphoton production with tagged protons in proton-proton collisions at s= \sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

A search is presented for high-mass exclusive diphoton production via photon-photon fusion in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV in events where both protons survive the interaction. The analysis utilizes data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 103 fb$^{-1}$ collected in 2016--2018 with the central CMS detector and the CMS and TOTEM precision proton spectrometer (PPS). Events that have two photons with high transverse momenta ($p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\gamma} >$ 100 GeV), back-to-back in azimuth, and with a large diphoton invariant mass ($m_{\gamma\gamma} >$ 350 GeV) are selected. To remove the dominant inclusive diphoton backgrounds, the kinematic properties of the protons detected in PPS are required to match those of the central diphoton system. Only events having opposite-side forward protons detected with a fractional momentum loss between 0.035 and 0.15 (0.18) for the detectors on the negative (positive) side of CMS are considered. One exclusive diphoton candidate is observed for an expected background of 1.1 events. Limits at 95% confidence level are derived for the four-photon anomalous coupling parameters $|\zeta_1|$ 100 GeV), back-to-back in azimuth, and with a large diphoton invariant mass ($m_{\gamma\gamma} \gt$ 350 GeV) are selected. To remove the dominant inclusive diphoton backgrounds, the kinematic properties of the protons detected in PPS are required to match those of the central diphoton system. Only events having opposite-side forward protons detected with a fractional momentum loss between 0.035 and 0.15 (0.18) for the detectors on the negative (positive) side of CMS are considered. One exclusive diphoton candidate is observed for an expected background of 1.1 events. Limits at 95% confidence level are derived for the four-photon anomalous coupling parameters $\lvert\zeta_1\rvert \lt$ 0.073 TeV$^{-4}$ and $\lvert\zeta_2\rvert \lt$ 0.15 TeV$^{-4}$, using an effective field theory. Additionally, upper limits are placed on the production of axion-like particles with coupling strength to photons $f^{-1}$ that varies from 0.03 TeV$^{-1}$ to 1 TeV$^{-1}$ over the mass range from 500 to 2000 GeV

Search for central exclusive production of top quark pairs in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV with tagged protons

International audienceA search for the central exclusive production of top quark-antiquark pairs ($\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$) is performed for the first time using proton-tagged events in proton-proton collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 29.4 fb$^{-1}$. The $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ decay products are reconstructed using the central CMS detector, while forward protons are measured in the CMS-TOTEM precision proton spectrometer. An observed (expected) upper bound on the production cross section of 0.59 (1.14) pb is set at 95% confidence level, for collisions of protons with fractional momentum losses between 2 and 20%

Search for high-mass exclusive diphoton production with tagged protons in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceA search is presented for high-mass exclusive diphoton production via photon-photon fusion in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in events where both protons survive the interaction. The analysis utilizes data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 103 fb$^{-1}$ collected in 2016-2018 with the central CMS detector and the CMS and TOTEM precision proton spectrometer (PPS). Events that have two photons with high transverse momenta ($p_\mathrm{T}^\gamma >$ 100 GeV), back-to-back in azimuth, and with a large diphoton invariant mass ($m_{\gamma\gamma} \gt$ 350 GeV) are selected. To remove the dominant inclusive diphoton backgrounds, the kinematic properties of the protons detected in PPS are required to match those of the central diphoton system. Only events having opposite-side forward protons detected with a fractional momentum loss between 0.035 and 0.15 (0.18) for the detectors on the negative (positive) side of CMS are considered. One exclusive diphoton candidate is observed for an expected background of 1.1 events. Limits at 95% confidence level are derived for the four-photon anomalous coupling parameters $\lvert\zeta_1\rvert \lt$ 0.073 TeV$^{-4}$ and $\lvert\zeta_2\rvert \lt$ 0.15 TeV$^{-4}$, using an effective field theory. Additionally, upper limits are placed on the production of axion-like particles with coupling strength to photons $f^{-1}$ that varies from 0.03 TeV$^{-1}$ to 1 TeV$^{-1}$ over the mass range from 500 to 2000 GeV

Hard color-singlet exchange in dijet events in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceEvents where the two leading jets are separated by a pseudorapidity interval devoid of particle activity, known as jet-gap-jet events, are studied in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV. The signature is expected from hard color-singlet exchange. Each of the highest transverse momentum ($p_\mathrm{T}$) jets must have $p_\mathrm{T}^\text{jet}$$\gt$ 40 GeV and pseudorapidity 1.4 $\lt$$|\eta^\text{jet}|$$\lt$ 4.7, with $\eta^\text{jet1} \eta^\text{jet2}$$\lt$ 0, where $\text{jet1}$ and $\text{jet2}$ are the leading and subleading jets in $p_\mathrm{T}$, respectively. The analysis is based on data collected by the CMS and TOTEM experiments during a low luminosity, high-$\beta^*$ run at the CERN LHC in 2015, with an integrated luminosity of 0.66 pb$^{-1}$. Events with a low number of charged particles with $p_\mathrm{T}$$\gt$ 0.2 GeV in the interval $|\eta|$$\lt$ 1 between the jets are observed in excess of calculations that assume only color-exchange. The fraction of events produced via color-singlet exchange, $f_\text{CSE}$, is measured as a function of $p_\mathrm{T}^\text{jet2}$, the pseudorapidity difference between the two leading jets, and the azimuthal angular separation between the two leading jets. The fraction $f_\text{CSE}$ has values of 0.4-1.0%. The results are compared with previous measurements and with predictions from perturbative quantum chromodynamics. In addition, the first study of jet-gap-jet events detected in association with an intact proton using a subsample of events with an integrated luminosity of 0.40 pb$^{-1}$ is presented. The intact protons are detected with the Roman pot detectors of the TOTEM experiment. The $f_\text{CSE}$ in this sample is 2.91 $\pm$ 0.70 (stat) $^{+1.08}_{-1.01}$ (syst) times larger than that for inclusive dijet production in dijets with similar kinematics