Adaptation of Applications to Compare Development Frameworks in Deep Learning for Decentralized Android Applications

Not all frameworks used in machine learning and deep learning integrate with Android, which requires some prerequisites. The primary objective of this paper is to present the results of the analysis and a comparison of deep learning development frameworks, which can be adapted into fully decentralized Android apps from a cloud server. As a work methodology, we develop and/or modify the test applications that these frameworks offer us a priori in such a way that it allows an equitable comparison of the analysed characteristics of interest. These parameters are related to attributes that a user would consider, such as (1) percentage of success; (2) battery consumption; and (3) power consumption of the processor. After analysing numerical results, the proposed framework that best behaves in relation to the analysed characteristics for the development of an Android application is TensorFlow, which obtained the best score against Caffe2 and Snapdragon NPE in the percentage of correct answers, battery consumption, and device CPU power consumption. Data consumption was not considered because we focus on decentralized cloud storage applications in this study

Smart thermostats: an experimental facility to test their capabilities and savings potential

The European Commission has explained how heating and cooling in buildings and industry account for half of the energy consumption of the EU. Several studies explain how to achieve an energy saving at home, and the use of smart thermostats will help to reduce energy consumption while increasing the efficiency of households. In this article, a comparative evaluation was carried out between four smart thermostats that are now on the market, whose characteristics vary in terms of price, precision of measurements and set temperature, algorithms, etc. A thermal test chamber was designed and constructed from a refrigerator, a thermal blanket, a Raspberry Pi and the necessary electronic components for its control and data collection. From the tests carried out in the thermal chamber, data on the operation of the four thermostats such as the maintenance and the anticipation of the setpoint temperature, were obtained. It was necessary to run the system enough times for each thermostat to memorize the housing characteristics, such as its inertia and its thermal insulation. This would also allow for the generation of a better algorithm to regulate the temperature, which would create a lower oscillation with respect to the setpoint temperature. The learning of the thermostats was not demonstrated and for the anticipation mode it was seen that the thermostats failed to improve or learn in this aspect, as they did not improve the start-up times of the heating system, with the consequent increase in energy consumption.This work was supported by the Spanish Government under the R+D initiative INNPACTO with reference IPT-2011-1447-920000, Spanish R+D initiative with reference ENE-2013-42720-R and RETOS RTC-2015-3795-3

Geometry Effects on Mode I Brittle Fracture in VO-Notched PMMA Specimens

ABSTARCT: This paper gathers experimental and theoretical investigations about both the geometry-dependent fracture initiation angle and the fracture strength in VO-notched polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) specimens under mode I loading conditions. The numerical analyses revealed that despite the application of pure mode I loading on the geometrically symmetric VO-notched samples, the maximum tangential stress occurs at two points symmetrically placed on either side of the notch bisector line. The experimental tests performed on some specimens showed that a crack does not necessarily propagate along the notch bisector line. Stress-based theoretical studies were then carried out to justify the experimental findings. The conventional maximum tangential stress (MTS) criterion gave weak predictions of the fracture. Therefore, the predictions were checked with the generalized MTS (GMTS) criterion by taking into consideration the higher-order stress terms. It was demonstrated that the GMTS criterion predictions have satisfactory consistency with the experimental results of the crack initiation angle and the fracture strength

Environmentally Assisted Cracking Behavior of S420 and X80 Steels Containing U-notches at Two DifferentCathodic Polarization Levels: An Approach from the Theory of Critical Distances

This paper analyzes, using the theory of critical distances, the environmentally assisted cracking behavior of two steels (S420 and API X80) subjected to two different aggressive environments. The propagation threshold for environmentally assisted cracking (i.e., the stress intensity factor above which crack propagation initiates) in cracked and notched specimens (KIEAC and KN IEAC) has been experimentally obtained under di erent environmental conditions. Cathodic polarization has been employed to generate the aggressive environments, at 1 and 5 mA/cm2, causing hydrogen embrittlement on the steels. The point method and the line method, both belonging to the theory of critical distances, have been applied to verify their capacity to predict the initiation of crack propagation. The results demonstrate the capacity of the theory of critical distances to predict the crack propagation onset under the di erent combinations of material and aggressive environments.The authors of this work would like to express their gratitude to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the financial support of the projects MAT2014-58738-C3-3-R and MAT2014-58443-P developed by the University of Cantabria

Virtual environment for evaluating the QoS of distributed mobile applications

The increasing capabilities of end devices has led to a wider distribution of the computation and the massive deployment of distributed mobile applications. The success of these applications is highly dependent on the Quality of Service they provide. This quality is especially difficult to assess due to the large number of entities involved and their heterogeneity. Current tools are usually focused on evaluating the QoS provided by a single entity. Nevertheless, the QoS of distributed applications not only depend on the QoS of each entity, the interactions among entities has also to be evaluated. Therefore, new techniques are required to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the expected QoS of these applications before their production deployment. This paper presents a framework, called Perses, for launching virtual environments to simulate and test the execution of distributed mobile applications. This simulation provides results of the QoS achieved. Moreover, the framework has been integrated into a DevOps methodology in order to automate its execution. Video showcase- https://youtu.be/wpIApe_sPFE.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades RTI2018-101204-B-C21 (HORATIO)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BELI (TIN2015-70560-R)Interreg V-A España-Portugal (POCTEP) 0499-4IE-PLUS-4-EMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades TIN2016-81978-REDTJunta de Extremadura GR18112Junta de Extremadura IB18030Junta de Andalucía APOLO (US-1264651

Coupling Finite Element Analysis and the Theory of Critical Distances to Estimate Critical Loads in Al6060-T66 Tubular Beams Containing Notches

ABSTRACT: This paper validates a methodology for the estimation of critical loads in tubular beams containing notch-type defects. The methodology is particularized for the case of Al6060-T66 tubular cantilever beams containing U-shaped notches. It consists in obtaining the stress field at the notch tip using finite element analysis (FEA) and the subsequent application of the theory of critical distances (TCD) to derive the corresponding critical load (or load-bearing capacity). The results demonstrate that this methodology provides satisfactory predictions of fracture loads.This research received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, grant PGC2018-095400-B-I00 “Comportamiento en fractura de materiales compuestos nano-reforzados con defectos tipo entalla”

Artifact: virtual environment for evaluating the QoS of distributed mobile applications

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades RTI2018-094591-B-I00Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades RTI2018-101204-B-C21 (HORATIO)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BELI (TIN2015-70560-R)TIN2016-81978-REDTJunta de Extremadura GR18112Junta de Andalucía APOLO (US-1264651)Junta de Extremadura IB1803

Dissolved gas analysis equipment for online monitoring of transformer oil: A review

Power transformers are the most important assets of electric power substations. The reliability in the operation of electric power transmission and distribution is due to the correct operation and maintenance of power transformers. The parameters that are most used to assess the health status of power transformers are dissolved gas analysis (DGA), oil quality analysis (OQA) and content of furfuraldehydes (FFA) in oil. The parameter that currently allows for simple online monitoring in an energized transformer is the DGA. Although most of the DGA continues to be done in the laboratory, the trend is online DGA monitoring, since it allows for detection or diagnosis of the faults throughout the life of the power transformers. This study presents a review of the main DGA monitors, single- or multi-gas, their most important specifications, accuracy, repeatability and measurement range, the types of installation, valve or closed loop, and number of analogue inputs and outputs. This review shows the differences between the main existing DGA monitors and aims to help in the selection of the most suitable DGA monitoring approach according to the needs of each case.This research was funded by the EU Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and the Spanish Government under RETOS-COLABORACIÓN RTC-2017-6782-3 and by the University of Cantabria Industrial Doctorate 19.DI12.649

A methodology for the calculation of typical gas concentration values and sampling intervals in the power transformers of a distribution system operator†

Predictive maintenance strategies in power transformers aim to assess the risk through the calculation and monitoring of the health index of the power transformers. The parameter most used in predictive maintenance and to calculate the health index of power transformers is the dissolved gas analysis (DGA). The current tendency is the use of online DGA monitoring equipment while continuing to perform analyses in the laboratory. Although the DGA is well known, there is a lack of published experimental data beyond that in the guides. This study used the nearest-rank method for obtaining the typical gas concentration values and the typical rates of gas increase from a transformer population to establish the optimal sampling interval and alarm thresholds of the continuous monitoring devices for each power transformer. The percentiles calculated by the nearest-rank method were within the ranges of the percentiles obtained using the R software, so this simple method was validated for this study. The results obtained show that the calculated concentration limits are within the range of or very close to those proposed in IEEE C57.104-2019 and IEC 60599:2015. The sampling intervals calculated for each transformer were not correct in all cases since the trend of the historical DGA samples modified the severity of the calculated intervals.This work was partially financed by the EU Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and the Spanish Government under RETOS-COLABORACIÓN RTC-2017-6782-3 and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 864579 (FLEXIGRID)