Interpolation methods for geographical data: Housing and commercial establishment markets

The estimation of commercial property prices in a touristic city can be explored through spatial interpolation methods, but in the presence of small sample sizes, auxiliary stochastic processes that are correlated with the prices of commercial establishments are needed. The aim of this paper is to compare the various estimates of commercial establishment prices in Toledo (Spain) provided by methods based on inverse distance weighting, 2-D shape functions for triangles, kriging and cokriging (the housing prices being the auxiliary stochastic process). The results indicate that kriging improves the classical interpolation methods and that cokriging has a clear advantage over kriging.

Autobiography and ego-history in Agnès Varda's films

Actas del Segundo Congreso Internacional de Historia y Cine organizado por el Instituto de Cultura y Tecnología Miguel de Unamuno y celebrado del 9 al 11 de septiembre de 2010 en la Universidad Carlos III de MadridEn su última película, Las playas de Agnès, Agnès Varda, « la abuela de la Nouvelle Vague », analiza con humor pero con un rigor digno de los ego-historiadores las etapas más relevantes de su vida y de su recorrido artístico desde la fotografía al cine y más allá, (las instalaciones), relacionándolas con el fresco más amplio de la historia del Siglo XX sobre todo en Europa, auque también aparecen China, Cuba y los EE.UU. Se trata de una película verdaderamente autobiográfica en la que coinciden directora, narradora y personaje. La mirada retrospectiva que se vale de espejos y hace que Agnès se filme varias veces andando hacia atrás, adopta un punto de vista feminista y recoge la influencia del filósofo Gaston Bachelard sobre el concepto del tiempo y su representación. La protagonista de la película, compañera y viuda de Jacques Demy, aparece como una gran actriz capaz de seducir al espectador por la mirada y la voz, recordándole que el tiempo, igual que el agua en las playas, jamás se detiene y que el cine quizás sea un arma contra el olvido.In her latest film, Agnès’Beaches, Agnès Varda, ”the grandmother of the Nouvelle Vague” analyses the most striking moments of her life and of her artist’s progress, ranging from photography to the cinema and beyond (installations). She does so with humor but also with rigor, as an ego-historian, and she associates these moments of her life with the larger background of XXth-century history, above all in Europe, although we can also glimpse China, Cuba and the USA. This is a truly autobiographical movie, where the director, the narrator and the main character are the same person. Her retrospective glance, which uses mirrors and leads her to take several shots of herself as she is walking backwards, takes on a feminist viewpoint and acknowledges Gaston Bachelard’s influence on her conception of time and of its representation. The film’s protagonist, Jacques Demy’s partner and widow, comes across as a great actress, whose voice and look appeal to viewers, by reminding them of the fact that time, like water on beaches, never stops, and that the cinema may be one of the few weapons we have against oblivion

Building an Environmental Quality Index for a big city: a spatial interpolation approach with DP2

The elaboration of Environmental Quality Indexes (EQI) for big cities is one of the main topics in regional and environmental economics. One of the usual methodological paths consists of generating a single measure as a linear combination of several air contaminants applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Then, as a final step, a spatial interpolation is carried out to determine the level of contamination across the city in order to point out the so-called ‘hot points’. In this article, we propose an alternative approach to build an EQI introducing some methodological and practical novelties. From the point of view of the selection of the variables, first we will consider noise -joint to air pollution- as a relevant environmental variable. We also propose to add ‘subjective’ data -available at the census tracts level- to the group of ‘objective’ environmental variables, which are only available at a number of environmental monitoring stations. This combination leads to a mixed environmental index (MEQI), which is more complete and adequate in a socioeconomic context. From the point of view of the computation process, we use kriging to match the monitoring stations registers to the Census data. We follow an inverse process as usual, since it leads to better estimates. In a first step, we krige the environmental variables to the complete surface and finally, we elaborate the environmental index. At last, in order to build the final synthetic index, we do not use Principal Components Analysis -as it is usual in this kind of exercises- but a better one, the Pena Distance method (DP2).Environmental index, Air pollution, Noise, Subjecive expectations, Kriging, Distance indicators

El traductor jurídico y la intertextualidad : el ordenamiento jurídico como contexto comunicativo-documental del documento de partida

Este artículo trata del concepto de intertextualidad desde el derecho y desde la lingüística textual. El estudio de este tema puede ayudar a juristas y traductores a interpretar el documento. Nuestra reflexión facilita que el traductor inscriba el texto en el ordenamiento jurídico, en el conjunto de documentos negociales y, más concretamente, en los de su tipo y, finalmente, en la cadena de documentos de que forma parte. Con esa conciencia debe poder traducir los consiguientes lazos de remisión a otros documentos.This paper deals with the concept of intertextuality from the point of view both of law and textual linguistics. Studying this topic can help both legal professionals and translators to interpret the document. Our study should help the translator to fit the legal document in the legal system, in the group of all private documents and, more specifically, in those of its type and, finally, in the chain of documents it belongs to. Being aware of that helps him in turn to translate any remissions to other legal documents

El estudio de las marcas jurídico-discursivas del acto jurídico en el documento negocial : una estrategia para la traducción jurídica de documentos Common Law

En este artículo analizamos el documento jurídico negocial (testamentos, contratos, poderes, deeds, etc.) desde el derecho y la lingüística del texto para comprobar la aproximación funcional y concurrente de ambas ciencias en relación con el acto jurídico. La correlación jurídicolingüística que se establezca permitirá analizar el acto jurídico principal y otros rasgos cognitivo-pragmáticos asociados que recuerdan de forma reiterada la presencia del acto y su eficacia en el texto. El estudio se propone en el contexto de la traducción jurídica de documentos de la Common Law al español.This article analyzes the legal document (wills, agreements, powers of attorney, deeds in general, etc.) from two points of view (that of the law and that of textual linguistics) to verify the functional approach regarding the legal act, as taken equally by both fields. The jurilinguistic correlation that may result will allow us to analyse the main legal act and other further cognitive- pragmatic traits which recurrently reminds us of the presence of the act and its effectiveness in the text. The study is put forward in the context of the legal translation of Common Law documents into Spanish