Análise do uso de tecnologias em estabelecimentos agropecuários por meio dos índices de Moran global e local.

Este artigo apresenta uma aplicação de técnica de análise exploratória de dados espaciais sobre dados de uso de tecnologias por parte de estabelecimentos agropecuários do País, com a finalidade de prospectar e justificar possíveis relações espaciais relacionadas ao uso das tecnologias. Os dados foram obtidos no Censo Agropecuário de 2006, e foram analisados por meio dos índices de Moran global e local. O trabalho apresenta uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre a análise exploratória de dados espaciais e dos principais índices utilizados. Os resultados, visualizados no BoxMap, do diagrama de espalhamento de Moran e do MoranMap mostram que, para a maioria das características analisadas, há alta correlação espacial no uso de tecnologias nos municípios brasileiros, e que essa concentração está relacionada à produção de commodities do mercado internacional. Os resultados sugerem que, para algumas regiões do País, deve-se elaborar uma análise em escala menor, para identificar possíveis grupos (clusters) dentro dos estados ou de mesorregiões produtoras. O trabalho mostra que, para uma análise preliminar da distribuição espacial do uso de tecnologia na agropecuária, o uso do software TerraView mostrou-se satisfatório, e, por isso, sugere-se que seja adotado em estudos mais profundos com esses indicadores

Earth conductivity structures and their effects on geomagnetic induction in pipelines

Anomalous, large pipe-to-soil potentials (PSP) have been observed along a natural gas pipeline in eastern Ontario, Canada, where there is a major geological contact between the highly resistive rocks of the Precambrian Shield to the west and the more conductive Paleozoic sediments to the east. This study tested the hypothesis that large variations of PSP are related to lateral changes of Earth conductivity under the pipeline. Concurrent and co-located PSP and magnetotelluric (MT) geophysical data were acquired in the study area. Results from the MT survey were used to model PSP variations based on distributed-source transmission line theory, using a spatially-variant surface geoelectric field. Different models were built to investigate the impact of different subsurface features. Good agreement between modelled and observed PSP was reached when impedance peaks related to major changes of subsurface geological conditions were included. The large PSP could therefore be attributed to the presence of resistive intrusive bodies in the upper crust and/or boundaries between tectonic terranes. This study demonstrated that combined PSP-MT investigations are a useful tool in the identification of potential hazards caused by geomagnetically induced currents in pipelines

Alteration effects of volcanic ash in seawater: Anomalous Y/Ho ratios in coastal waters of the Central Mediterranean sea

This paper presents the results of a study based on data collected during the oceanographic cruise ANSIC 2001 carried out in the Ionian Sea during the explosive activity of Mount Etna in the summer of 2001. Anomalous low values of Y/Ho ratios in seawater suggest extensive scavenging processes on the surfaces of smectitic alteration products, with Y and Ho fractionation controlled by the differences in their electronic configurations and behaviour during solution/surface complexation equilibria. These processes can also be traced through the presence of significant tetrad effects recorded in the chondrite-normalised Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium (YREEs) patterns of suspended particulate matter. This suggests that the preferential Y scavenging from seawater is due to the formation of inner-sphere complexes with OH- groups on montmorillonite crystal surfaces. The preliminary results of kinetic experiments of YREE released from volcanic ash to coexisting seawater, and the related effects on Y/Ho ratios and Ce anomalies, are consistent with the fractionation of Light Rare Earth Elements (LREEs) with respect to Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREEs) observed in dissolved phase. They suggest a behaviour of Y similar to that reported for LREEs, particularly for Ce and Pr. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Installazione di un radiometro nell'area sommitale del vulcano Etna

Le tecniche di telerilevamento satellitare e da terra per la stima della temperatura di anomalie termiche delle superfici vulcaniche, della loro variazione nel tempo e per individuare attività parossistiche o l’inizio di una fase di colate di lava, sono ormai entrate a far parte della sorveglianza e del monitoraggio vulcanologico [es. Francis, 1979; Geraci et al., 1985; Lombardo et al., 2011; Spampinato et al., 2011]. I sensori in una banda spettrale dell’infrarosso quali radiometri e telecamere termiche, utilizzati in prossimità di bocche eruttive, hanno fornito cospicue quantità di dati di temperatura della superficie di corpi magmatici (colate laviche, laghi di lava, duomi lavici), plume vulcanici, fumarole, registrati a distanza di totale sicurezza [Spampinato et al., 2011]. In particolare, i radiometri, sia portatili che installati in stazioni permanenti, oltre che fornire dati da confrontare con misure geochimiche, permettono l’acquisizione di dati di temperatura ad elevata frequenza, tali da essere messi in relazione con le misure derivate da osservazioni geofisiche quali ad esempio il tremore sismico [es. Harris e Ripepe, 2007; Branan et al., 2008].In questo lavoro si descrivono i dettagli dell’installazione di una stazione radiometrica collocata nell’area sommitale dell’Etna in zona Belvedere, nel sito già utilizzato da una stazione multiparametrica (con sensori sismici e infrasonici) e denominato EBEL. Si descrivono anche la metodologia di trasmissione dati in continuo, il trattamento del dato convertito in temperatura apparente nel campo di vista del radiometro, la visualizzazione in tempo quasi reale del dato e la sua diffusione tramite WEB

HoBi-Like Pestivirus and Its Impact on Cattle Productivity

The clinical features and economic impact of the infection caused by an emerging group of pestiviruses, namely HoBi-like pestivirus, in a cattle herd of southern Italy are reported. In 2011, the virus was first associated with respiratory disease, causing an abortion storm after 1 year and apparently disappearing for the following 3 years after persistently infected calves were slaughtered. However, in 2014, reproductive failures and acute gastroenteritis were observed in the same herd, leading to a marked decrease of productivity. A HoBi-like strain closely related to that responsible for previous outbreaks was detected in several animals. Application of an intensive eradication programme, based on the detection and slaughtering of HoBi-like pestivirus persistently infected animals, resulted in a marked improvement of the productive performances

Mitral annuloplasty in patients with ischemic versus dilated cardiomyopathy

Objective: Mitral regurgitation is a frequent finding in patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy predicting poor survival. Conventional treatment consists medical treatment or cardiac transplantation. However, despite severely decreased left ventricular function, mitral annuloplasty may improve survival and reduce the need for allografts. Methods: From January 1996 to July 2002, 121 patients with severe end-stage dilated (DCM) or ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), mitral regurgitation ≥2, and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤30% underwent mitral valve annuloplasty using a flexible posterior ring. DCM was diagnosed in 30 patients (25%), whereas ICM was found in 91 patients (75%). Concomitant tricuspid valve repair was performed in 14 (46.6%) patients in the DCM, and in 11 (12%) in the ICM group (P=0.0001), coronary artery bypass grafting in three (10%) in the DCM, and in 78 patients (86%) in the ICM group (P<0.00001). The mean follow-up time was 567±74 days in the DCM and 793±63 days in the ICM group (ns). Results: Early mortality was 6.6% (8/121), and was equal for both groups. Improvement in NYHA class (DCM 3.3+0.1-1.8±0.16; ICM from 3.2+0.04 to 1.7±0.07) were equal between groups after 1 year. Seventeen (15%) late deaths occurred during the follow-up period. There was no difference in the 2-year actuarial survival between groups (DCM/ICM 0.93/0.85). Risk factors for mitral reconstruction failure, defined as regurgitation ≥2 after 1 year, were preoperative NYHA IV in the DCM group (P=0.03), a preoperative posterior infarction (P=0.025), decreased left ventricular function (P=0.043), larger ring size (P=0.026) and preoperative renal failure (P=0.05) in the ICM group. Risk factors for death were larger ring size (P=0.02) and an increased LVEDD (P=0.027) in the DCM group and the postoperative use of IABP (P=0.002), renal failure (P=0.001), and a larger preoperative LVESD (P=0.035) in the ICM group. Conclusion: Mitral reconstruction with a posterior annuloplasty using a flexible ring is effective in patients with severely depressed left ventricle function and has an acceptable operative mortality. Mid-term results are superior to medical treatment alone and comparable to cardiac transplantatio