Caracterização genética e do solo em populações nativas de Vochysia bifalcata warm. no Espírito Santo

Vochysia bifalcata é conhecida popularmente como Guaricica, é uma espécie arbórea neotropical cuja sobrevivência encontra-se ameaçada devido aos processos de degradação de seus ambientes naturais e exploração antrópica, considerado o estado de ameaça em que se encontram, faz-se necessário obter informações mais detalhadas sobre a diversidade genética de populações naturais desta espécie, o que é possível a partir de estudos com marcadores microssatélites. Neste contexto, o objetvo do presente estudo foi avaliar a diversidade genética da espécie Vochysia bifalcata em duas populações nativas estabelecidas no Parque Nacional do Caparaó, ES, bem como, caracterizar a fertilidade do solo. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras foliares de 28 individuos adultos em ambas populações, os testes de transferifilidades foram realizados utilizando 8 primers microssatélites desenvolvidos para Qualea grandiflora e 10 desenvolvidos para Vochysia ferrugínea no genoma dos indivíduos de Vochysia bifalcata. Os marcadores que geraram amplificações satisfatórias foram utilizados para os estudos de diversidade e estrutura genética em todos os 28 indivíduos amostrados. Para a caracterização dos atributos químicos do solo, foram selecionados aleatoriamente seis pontos de amostragem de solos em cada população, nas camadas de 0 – 5; 5 – 10 e 10 – 20 cm. Os resultados de amplificação heteróloga de Vochysia ferruginea para V. bifalcata foram satisfatórios, sendo utilizados para as análises estatísticas e de Qualea grandiflora para V. bifalcata foram satisfatórios, entretanto se mostraram monomórficos. Para os iniciadores de V. ferruginea os resultados mostraram a ocorrência média de 4,85 alelos/loco. Dois dos sete locos analisados evidenciaram a presença de alelos nulos, com frequência significativa. Os valores de riqueza alélica foram similares entre as duas populações. O valor médio de heterozigosidade observada para a população I foi 0,434 e para população II foi 0,355, ambos distintos do esperado para o equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg. O índice de fixação médio para a população I foi de 0,390 e para a população II de 0,328, indicando presença de endogamia nas populações. O valor médio do Conteúdo de Informação Polimórfica (PIC) foi de 0,608 para a população I e 0,566 para a população II, sendo considerados altamente informativos. O par de genótipos (9 e 11) e (5 e 9) foram identificados como os menos dissimilares na população I e população II, respectivamente. O valor de GST (0,079), indicou uma diferenciação genética moderada entre as populações. Para AMOVA, 10 92,86% da variação foram dentro de populações e 7,13% entre populações. Com a análise bayesiana foi possível definir a divisão dos genótipos em dois grupos. O fluxo gênico médio obtido foi de 2,88 sendo considerado alto o suficiente para contrapor os efeitos da deriva genética. Os parâmetros genéticos obtidos geraram informações sobre a variabilidade genética existente, comprovando a importância do Parque Nacional do Caparaó para fins conservacionistas. As amostras de solos analisadas evidenciaram que a fertilidade de ambas populações apresenta-se baixas e com uma acidez elevadaVochysia bifalcata is popularly known as Guaricica, is a tree neotropical species whose survival is threatened due to degradation processes of the natural environment and man operation, considered the threat of state they are in, it is necessary to obtain more detailed information the genetic diversity of natural populations of this species, which is possible from studies with microsatellite markers. In this context, the present study was to evaluate objetvo the genetic diversity of Vochysia bifalcata species and characterize soil fertility in two native populations established in Caparaó National Park, ES. Therefore, leaf samples from 28 adult individuals were collected from two native populations of V. bifalta. For transferability test were tested 8 microsatellite primers developed for Qualea grandiflora and 10 designed to Vochysia ferruginea in the genome of individuals to V. bifalcata. Total genomic DNA was isolated using the Doyle & Doyle protocol (1990) modified. The amplified fragments were separated by electrophoresis on gel polyacrylamide 10% with 1X TBE buffer. Electrophoresis was performed at constant voltage of 100 W for 5 hours. The markers that generate satisfactory amplifications were then used for the studies and genetic diversity of structure in all 28 individuals sampled. We randomly selected six soil sampling points in each population at depths 0-5; 5-10 e 10-20 cm and chemical analyzes were performed using the methodology proposed by EMBRAPA (1997). The heterologous amplification results for V. ferruginea to V. bifalcata were satisfactory, and then used for statistical analysis and Q. grandiflora for V. bifalcata were satisfactory, however proved to be monomorphic. For starters, V. ferruginea the results showed the average occurrence of 4.85 alleles/locus. In both two populations of seven loci analyzed suggested the presence of null alleles, with significant frequency. The allelic richness were similar between the two populations. The average observed heterozygosity for the population I was 0.434 and population II was 0.355, both distinct from the expected to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The average fixation index for the population I was 0.390 and the population II was 0.328, indicating the presence of inbreeding within populations. The average value of Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) was 0.608 for the population I and 0.566 for the population II and are considered highly informative. The pair of genotypes (9 and 11) and (5 and 9) were identified as the least dissimilar opulations the population I and II, respectively. The amount of GST (0.079) indicated a moderate genetic differentiation among populations. To AMOVA, 92.86% of the variation was within 12 populations and among populations 7.13%. After analyzing the program, STRUCTURE was possible to define the division into two groups of genotypes. The obtained average gene flow was 2.88 being considered high enough to counteract the effects of genetic drift. These data generate important information about the genetic variability, proving the importance of Caparaó National Park for the species conservation. Soil samples analyzed demonstrated that the fertility of both populations are present and a low acidity, the homogeneity of the soil fertility can be explained by the soil and climatic characteristics similar between the two study populations.CAPE

Safety profile, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of a nanostructured lipid carrier containing oil and butter from Astrocaryum vulgare: in vitro studies

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare)is a fruit native to the Amazon region. Extracts from the peel and pulp are thought of as promising treatments for bacterial infections. The primary constituents of Tucumã oil and butter possess unsaturated carbon chains that are susceptible to oxidation by light or heat. The oils have high volatility and low aqueous solubility that limits their use without a vehicle. Nanotechnology refers to techniques to solve these problems. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), for example, protect fixed oils degradation by heat or light, as well as from oxidation and evaporation, ensuring greater stability and function, thereby prolonging the useful life of the final product. Study objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the hemolytic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of an NLC containing Tucumã butter and oil soasto improve the solubility and photosensitivity of the compounds, generating better pharmacological efficacy. Materials and methods: The NLC was assessed for stability for 60 days. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in peripheral blood mononucleated cells was determined in culture using assays for cell viability, DNA damage, oxidative metabolism and damage to human erythrocytes. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the broth microdilution technique and antibiofilm activity according to standardized protocols. Results: The Tucumã NLC remained stable throughout the evaluated period, with pH between 5.22–5.35, monodisperse distribution (PDI<0.3) and average particle size of 170.7 ± 3nm. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the NLC is safe and modulates inflammatory processes, demonstrated by increased cell viability and nitric oxide levels. There was low hemolytic activity of the NLC against human erythrocytes almost concentrations tested. Conclusion: Taken together, the data suggest that NLC containing Tucumã oil and butter showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against organisms that cause morbidity and mortality in humans. They may be alternative solutions to public health problems related to bacterial infections

Challenges in dementia care: Comparing key issues from Brazil and the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom-Brazil Dementia Workshop took place in July 2019 in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, with an interdisciplinary group of health and care professionals from the United Kingdom and from Brazil to address challenges in diagnosis, public perception and care of dementia. The aim of this article is to present the results identified in relation to challenges in the care of dementia, including recommendations that could potentially guide local and State/Municipal authorities and care services for people with dementia in the future. Four key issues were prioritised to identify challenges and generate possible solutions in Brazil and the United Kingdom: I) limitations of current health systems; II) continuous and long-term support for family carers (pre-diagnosis, mourning); III) support for people with advanced dementia and end-of-life care; IV) support for people with young-onset dementia. In both countries, carers feel left without post-diagnostic support; information on the progression of dementia is lacking and some people do not even have a specific diagnosis; encouraging and providing training for carers best manage some of the symptoms is imperative; preparation for end of life care and support carers after the death of their loved ones remains highly needed; strengthening services and qualification of health professionals, also creating protocols to guide dementia-related services represent a common challenge to overcome. The authors outline recommendations according to the issues identified to assist future formulation of adequate policies and services for people with dementia and carers

Effects of COVID-19 on auditory and vestibular function in an adult patient: a longitudinal case study

ABSTRACT COVID-19 is a viral infection that mainly affects the lower respiratory tract and with the affinity of the Spike protein to the Angiotensin 2 converter enzyme, inducing a prothrombotic state which may lead to compromising of the cardiovascular, central nervous, auditory, and vestibular systems. Viral infections knowingly affect vestibular and auditory systems. This study aimed to present the auditory and vestibular findings of a woman without otoneurological complaints, before the infection with SARS-CoV-2. This is a longitudinal case report, presenting the evolution of the otoneurological clinical picture accompanied by the results of a battery of tests. The results evidenced a unilateral, permanent, cochlear sensorineural hearing loss through altered otoacoustic emissions albeit with normal tonal thresholds, accompanied by peripheral vestibular hypofunction which worsened with time, without any other factor that could justify these findings. This study shows the importance of the complete protocol of tests performed over time for a better understanding of long-time implications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection

II- 464 Avaliação comparativa do crescimento e produção lipídica da espécie de microalga (desmodesmus subspicatus) utilizando metabolismos autotrófico e heterotrófico em efluente doméstico / II - 464 Comparative evaluation of growth and lipid production of the microalga species (desmodesmus subspicatus) using autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolisms in domestic waste

As microalgas são uma alternativa de baixo custo e elevada eficiência para remoção de nutrientes em excesso e outros contaminantes em unidades de tratamento terciário. O trabalho teve o intuito de avaliar produção lipídica da espécie Desmosdesmus subspicatus e a eficácia da remoção de nutrientes e matéria orgânica de efluente da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto –ETE Centro, Petrolina-PE, coletados após decantadores secundários (DS). Os cultivos foram mantidos em laboratório com temperatura controlada (25°C) e foram avaliados o metabolismo autotrófico, com iluminação por 24 horas através de lâmpadas fluorescentes e heterotrófico, mantidas sem iluminação. As análises físico-químicas do efluente pós-DS, bem como do líquido após cultivo e que foram centrifugados e separados da biomassa foram realizadas no Laboratório de Engenharia Ambiental (LEA), localizada em Juazeiro, Bahia. A espécie Desmodesmus subspicatus, se adaptou ao efluente pós-DS e apresentou crescimento significativo, uma densidade celular máxima (DCMax) de 2,33 x 107 cel/mL no décimo dia de cultivo com inóculo inicial de 20% e efluente com filtração. Também apresentou uma alta eficiência de remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal, principalmente nos cultivos de metabolismo autotróficos, com remoção entre 94% a 99%.  O cultivo heterotrófico da espécie de microalga também apresentou uma eficiência satisfatória de remoção de nutrientes e matéria orgânica do efluente pós-DS, contudo, em decorrência da menor densidade de microalgas, apresentou eficiências mais baixas quando comparadas ao do cultivo autotrófico. O teste estatístico de Kruskall-Wallis e Dunn mostrou que houve diferença quando comparados os resultados de densidade celular dos dois metabolismos aplicados, contudo não houve diferença estatísticas na comparação da filtração do efluente. Os resultados de percentual lipídico também demonstraram um maior acúmulo nos cultivos com metabolismo autotrófico.

Alcoolismo em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica: uma revisão sistemática: Alcoholism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery: a systematic review

A Cirurgia bariátrica tem sido uma opção de muitas pessoas que visam superar a obesidade e garantir qualidade de vida e saúde. No entanto, casos de complicações clínicas após operação tem ocorrido, sendo comum a incidência de alcoolismo. Este estudo teve como objetivo refletir sobre as causas da incidência de alcoolismo entre pacientes que foram submetidos a cirurgias bariátricas. Para o alcance dessa finalidade, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, selecionando-se fontes das bases de dados Scielo Brasil, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), publicados em língua portuguesa, nos anos de 2017 a 2022. Realizando-se a análise dos dados concluiu-se que o transtorno do uso de álcool em pessoas submetidas à cirurgia bariátrica tem sido recorrente, especialmente entre homens de baixa renda e que fizeram a cirurgia do tipo bypass gástrico. Observou-se também que o consumo de álcool é maior no pós-operatório e que boa parte dos pacientes que se submeteu a esse tipo de cirurgia ignorava o risco de desenvolver o referido transtorno. Em função disso, boa parte dos estudos que integraram esta revisão reconhece a necessidade do acompanhamento, pela equipe de saúde, dos pacientes logo após a cirurgia bariátrica e a adesão desses ao tratamento devido, visando prevenir o transtorno do uso de álcool

Morpho-agronomic characterization and analysis of genetic divergenceamong accessions of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

ABSTRACT: The collection and characterization of tomato germplasm are of relevant importance for agriculture. This study aimed to collect and characterize, by way of morphological description and statistical tools for the composition of groups, tomato accesses from the Southern and Serrana regions of the State of Espírito Santo, as well as to establish the tomato germplasm bank of the Ifes - Campus de Alegre. Thirty-seven accessions were collected from different commercial locations of Espírito Santo. The experiment was conducted in the Ifes Campus de Alegre in the Agroecology sector. For the morpho-agronomic characterization, sixteen essential descriptors were used, nine quantitative and seven qualitative. In the color of the ripe fruit, there was the formation of five distinct groups with the colors yellow, green, orange, pink and red. In the format of the fruit, three groups were formed, slightly flattened, flattened and rounded. The ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference for all the quantitative characteristics evaluated. According to the Ward-MLM procedure, due to the high likelihood function in group seven (from 130.71), it was possible to group the 37 genotypes into seven groups. The greatest dissimilarity was observed in groups V and VII with a distance of 330.02, and the least dissimilar ones, groups IV and VI, with 8.21. Genetic variability was detected in tomato germplasm for the morpho-agronomic characteristics. Many of the accessions are promising sources of phenotypes of interest to the Ifes germplasm bank

Evolutionary dynamics and dissemination pattern of the SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.33 during the early pandemic phase in Brazil

We would like to thank the funding support from CGLab/MoH (General Laboratories Coordination of Brazilian Ministry of Health), CVSLR/FIOCRUZ (Coordination of Health Surveillance and Reference Laboratories of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation), CNPq COVID-19 MCTI 402457/2020-0, and INOVA VPPCB-005-FIO20-2Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Brazilian Ministry of Health. Pan-American Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 National Reference Laboratory. Regional Reference Laboratory in Americas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - Campus de Alegre. Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saude. Departamento de Biologia. Vitória, ES, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Universidad de la Republica. Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Norte. Unidad de Genomica y Bioinformatica. Salto, Uruguay.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Brazilian Ministry of Health. Pan-American Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 National Reference Laboratory. Regional Reference Laboratory in Americas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Brazilian Ministry of Health. Pan-American Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 National Reference Laboratory. Regional Reference Laboratory in Americas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Brazilian Ministry of Health. Pan-American Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 National Reference Laboratory. Regional Reference Laboratory in Americas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Brazilian Ministry of Health. Pan-American Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 National Reference Laboratory. Regional Reference Laboratory in Americas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Brazilian Ministry of Health. Pan-American Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 National Reference Laboratory. Regional Reference Laboratory in Americas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Brazilian Ministry of Health. Pan-American Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 National Reference Laboratory. Regional Reference Laboratory in Americas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes. Recife, PE, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes. Recife, PE, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica do Estado de Santa Catarina. Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica do Estado Espirito Santo. Vitoria, ES, Brazil.Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica do Distrito Federal. Brasília, DF, Brazil.Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica de Alagoas. Maceio, AL, Brazil.Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica de Sergipe. Aracaju, SE, Brazil.Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica de Parana. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica de Parana. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cuz - Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, MT, Brazil / Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, MT, Brazil.Ministério da Defesa. Hospital das Forças Armadas. Brasília, DF, Brazil.Ministério da Saude. Coordenadoria Geral de Laboratorios. Brasília, DF, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratorio de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Brazilian Ministry of Health. Pan-American Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 National Reference Laboratory. Regional Reference Laboratory in Americas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.A previous study demonstrates that most of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Brazilian strains fell in three local clades that were introduced from Europe around late February 2020. Here we investigated in more detail the origin of the major and most widely disseminated SARS-CoV-2 Brazilian lineage B.1.1.33. We recovered 190 whole viral genomes collected from 13 Brazilian states from February 29 to April 31, 2020 and combined them with other B.1.1 genomes collected globally. Our genomic survey confirms that lineage B.1.1.33 is responsible for a variable fraction of the community viral transmissions in Brazilian states, ranging from 2% of all SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Pernambuco to 80% of those from Rio de Janeiro. We detected a moderate prevalence (5-18%) of lineage B.1.1.33 in some South American countries and a very low prevalence (<1%) in North America, Europe, and Oceania. Our study reveals that lineage B.1.1.33 evolved from an ancestral clade, here designated B.1.1.33-like, that carries one of the two B.1.1.33 synapomorphic mutations. The B.1.1.33-like lineage may have been introduced from Europe or arose in Brazil in early February 2020 and a few weeks later gave origin to the lineage B.1.1.33. These SARS-CoV-2 lineages probably circulated during February 2020 and reached all Brazilian regions and multiple countries around the world by mid-March, before the implementation of air travel restrictions in Brazil. Our phylodynamic analysis also indicates that public health interventions were partially effective to control the expansion of lineage B.1.1.33 in Rio de Janeiro because its median effective reproductive number (R e ) was drastically reduced by about 66% during March 2020, but failed to bring it to below one. Continuous genomic surveillance of lineage B.1.1.33 might provide valuable information about epidemic dynamics and the effectiveness of public health interventions in some Brazilian states