Statically Checking Web API Requests in JavaScript

Many JavaScript applications perform HTTP requests to web APIs, relying on the request URL, HTTP method, and request data to be constructed correctly by string operations. Traditional compile-time error checking, such as calling a non-existent method in Java, are not available for checking whether such requests comply with the requirements of a web API. In this paper, we propose an approach to statically check web API requests in JavaScript. Our approach first extracts a request's URL string, HTTP method, and the corresponding request data using an inter-procedural string analysis, and then checks whether the request conforms to given web API specifications. We evaluated our approach by checking whether web API requests in JavaScript files mined from GitHub are consistent or inconsistent with publicly available API specifications. From the 6575 requests in scope, our approach determined whether the request's URL and HTTP method was consistent or inconsistent with web API specifications with a precision of 96.0%. Our approach also correctly determined whether extracted request data was consistent or inconsistent with the data requirements with a precision of 87.9% for payload data and 99.9% for query data. In a systematic analysis of the inconsistent cases, we found that many of them were due to errors in the client code. The here proposed checker can be integrated with code editors or with continuous integration tools to warn programmers about code containing potentially erroneous requests.Comment: International Conference on Software Engineering, 201

Opportunities in Software Engineering Research for Web API Consumption

Nowadays, invoking third party code increasingly involves calling web services via their web APIs, as opposed to the more traditional scenario of downloading a library and invoking the library's API. However, there are also new challenges for developers calling these web APIs. In this paper, we highlight a broad set of these challenges and argue for resulting opportunities for software engineering research to support developers in consuming web APIs. We outline two specific research threads in this context: (1) web API specification curation, which enables us to know the signatures of web APIs, and (2) static analysis that is capable of extracting URLs, HTTP methods etc. of web API calls. Furthermore, we present new work on how we combine (1) and (2) to provide IDE support for application developers consuming web APIs. As web APIs are used broadly, research in supporting the consumption of web APIs offers exciting opportunities.Comment: Erik Wittern and Annie Ying are both first author

Ground state representations of loop algebras

Let g be a simple Lie algebra, Lg be the loop algebra of g. Fixing a point in S^1 and identifying the real line with the punctured circle, we consider the subalgebra Sg of Lg of rapidly decreasing elements on R. We classify the translation-invariant 2-cocycles on Sg. We show that the ground state representation of Sg is unique for each cocycle. These ground states correspond precisely to the vacuum representations of Lg.Comment: 22 pages, no figur

Usefulness of ultrasound as neurolocalization technique for the anesthetic blockade of the pelvic limb in dogs

P?ginas 10-16Recurso Electr?nicoEn este estudio, se evalu? la utilidad de la ecograf?a como t?cnica de neurolocalizaci?n para el bloqueo anest?sico de los nervios perif?ricos ci?tico, femoral, y plexo lumbar en el perro. Las caracter?sticas de estas estructuras nerviosas fueron estudiadas mediante disecci?n anat?mica realizada en 12 cad?veres caninos. La utilidad de esta t?cnica ecoguiada para el bloqueo anest?sico de estos nervios fue evaluada en 27 cad?veres caninos mediante la inyecci?n de un colorante alrededor de estos nervios y la posterior evaluaci?n del patr?n de tinci?n obtenido. Adicionalmente, la efectividad de esta t?cnica ecoguiada para el bloqueo anest?sico de los nervios ci?tico y emoral fue evaluada en nueve Beagles experimentales, mediante la inyecci?n de un anest?sico local cerca a los nervios estudiados, y la posterior evaluaci?n del d?ficit motor obtenido en la extremidad bloqueada. Los resultados de este estudio validan la utilidad de la ecograf?a como t?cnica de neurolocalizaci?n con el fin de llevar a cabo el bloqueo anest?sico del nervio ci?tico en la cara lateral del muslo y para los nervios femoral y obturador mediante un abordaje ventral suprainguinal.ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the usefulness of ultrasound as a neurolocalization technique for the anesthetic blockade of peripheral nerves such as sciatic, femoral and lumbar plexus in the dog. The characteristics of these neural structures were studied by anatomical dissection performed in 12 canine cadavers. The usefulness of this ultrasound-guided technique for the anesthetic blockade of those nerves was evaluated in 27 dog cadavers by injecting of a staining solution around the nerves followed by evaluation of the staining pattern obtained. Additionally, the effectiveness of this ultrasound-guided technique for the sciatic and the femoral nerve blockade was evaluated in 9 experimental Beagles, by injecting local anesthetic closely to these nerves and the subsequent evaluation of motor deficit in the blocked limb. The results of this study validate the usefulness of ultrasound as a neurolocalization technique with the aim to carry out an anesthetic blockade of the sciatic nerve in the lateral aspect of the thigh and also for the femoral and obturator nerves through a ventral suprainguinal approach. Keywords: Dog, Femora

Limits of Gaudin algebras, quantization of bending flows, Jucys--Murphy elements and Gelfand--Tsetlin bases

Gaudin algebras form a family of maximal commutative subalgebras in the tensor product of $n$ copies of the universal enveloping algebra U(\g) of a semisimple Lie algebra \g. This family is parameterized by collections of pairwise distinct complex numbers $z_1,...,z_n$. We obtain some new commutative subalgebras in U(\g)^{\otimes n} as limit cases of Gaudin subalgebras. These commutative subalgebras turn to be related to the hamiltonians of bending flows and to the Gelfand--Tsetlin bases. We use this to prove the simplicity of spectrum in the Gaudin model for some new cases.Comment: 11 pages, references adde

Dynamical differential equations compatible with rational qKZ equations

For the Lie algebra $gl_N$ we introduce a system of differential operators called the dynamical operators. We prove that the dynamical differential operators commute with the $gl_N$ rational quantized Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov difference operators. We describe the transformations of the dynamical operators under the natural action of the $gl_N$ Weyl group.Comment: 7 pages, AmsLaTe

Spectral triples and the super-Virasoro algebra

We construct infinite dimensional spectral triples associated with representations of the super-Virasoro algebra. In particular the irreducible, unitary positive energy representation of the Ramond algebra with central charge c and minimal lowest weight h=c/24 is graded and gives rise to a net of even theta-summable spectral triples with non-zero Fredholm index. The irreducible unitary positive energy representations of the Neveu-Schwarz algebra give rise to nets of even theta-summable generalised spectral triples where there is no Dirac operator but only a superderivation.Comment: 27 pages; v2: a comment concerning the difficulty in defining cyclic cocycles in the NS case have been adde

Bloqueo atrioventricular completo en un perro : tratamiento mediante la implantación de un marcapasos endovenosos permanente

Una perra Labrador Retriever presentaba una historia de síncopes, fatiga e intolerancia al ejercicio debida a un bloqueo atrioventricular completo. Debido a que no respondía a la terapia médica (terbutalina, teofilina y posteriormente atropina), fue remitida al Hospital Clínico Veterinario de la Universidad de Murcia con el fin de considerar la implantación de un marcapasos. Las radiografías de tórax mostraron aumento global de la silueta cardiaca y la ecocardiografía puso de manifiesto, además, ligera regurgitación de válvulasatrioventriculares. Se le implantó un marcapasos endovenoso permanente unipolar con modo VVI bajo anestesia general, guiando el cable hacia el ventrículo derecho mediante fluoroscopia con amplificador de imagen. Ocho meses después de la implantación, no se han producido complicaciones y el marcapasos funciona según los parámetros programados.