Sistematización del proceso de orientación académica mediante modelos de selección de planes de matrícula

En este artículo se propone un conjunto de modelos de selección del mejor plan de matrícula para estudiantes de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Computación e Informática de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en apoyo a la toma de decisiones durante el proceso de orientación académica. Cada modelo es una jerarquía de objetivos diseñada por medio del método"Analytic Hierarchy Process". Los modelos representan diferentes perfiles estudiantiles, especificados de acuerdo con distintos objetivos y criterios. Se enfoca el proceso de orientación académica desde el punto de vista de sistema, en donde dos agentes (estudiante y profesor) interactúan en diferentes etapas para lograr un objetivo común, la autorización de un plan de matrícula.   In this paper some development conditions of pedagogy on regards to research  are presented, these results were produced by the work of the authors with the help of young researchers within the Physiotherapy Faculty in the Universidad Autónoma de Manizales.  This is a proposal for training and research development, that allows students to face “unlearning” and other new challenges that are required by the future society; and it allows teachers to rethink their pedagogical practice, looking to launch a studying and understanding process of this country, from other viewpoints, interests and commitments with freedom and development

Understanding notional machines through traditional teaching with conceptual contraposition and program memory tracing

A correct understanding about how computers run code is mandatory in order to effectively learn to program. Lectures have historically been used in programming courses to teach how computers execute code, and students are assessed through traditional evaluation methods, such as exams. Constructivism learning theory objects to students’ passiveness during lessons, and traditional quantitative methods for evaluating a complex cognitive process such as understanding. Constructivism proposes complimentary techniques, such as conceptual contraposition and colloquies. We enriched lectures of a “Programming II” (CS2) course combining conceptual contraposition with program memory tracing, then we evaluated students’ understanding of programming concepts through colloquies. Results revealed that these techniques applied to the lecture are insufficient to help students develop satisfactory mental models of the C++ notional machine, and colloquies behaved as the most comprehensive traditional evaluations conducted in the course.Universidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa RicaMinisterio de Ciencia Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones de Costa Rica/[]/MICITT/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ingeniería::Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (CITIC)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ingeniería::Facultad de Ingeniería::Escuela de Ciencias de la Computación e Informátic

Sistematización del proceso de orientación académica mediante modelos de selección de planes de matrícula

En este artículo se propone un conjunto de modelos de selección del mejor plan de matrícula para estudiantes de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Computación e Informática de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en apoyo a la toma de decisiones durante el proceso de orientación académica. Cada modelo es una jerarquía de objetivos diseñada por medio del método Analytic Hierarchy Process. Los modelos representan diferentes perfiles estudiantiles, especificados de acuerdo con distintos objetivos y criterios. Se enfoca el proceso de orientación académica desde el punto de vista de sistema, en donde dos agentes (estudiante y profesor) interactúan en diferentes etapas para lograr un objetivo común, la autorización de un plan de matrícula

¿ES VISUAL FOXPRO UN AMBIENTE ORIENTADO A OBJETOS?

En este articulo, mediante el desarrollo de un ejemplo, se describen y analizan las características de Visual FoxPro relacionadas con la orientación a objetos, para determinar si es un ambiente arientado a objetos según las definiciones en el articulo "¿Es un ambiente orientado a objetos?" Lara y Murillo, 1997

¿ES UN AMBIENTE DE PROGRAMACION ORIENTADO A OBJETOS?

Cuando se plantea el tema de si determinada herramienta de desarrollo o lenguaje de programacion es un ambiente orientado a objetos es necesario aclarar a que se haace referencia con el concepto ambiente orientado a objetos. Este articulo es producto de investigacion hecha sobre el alcance del termino ambiente orientado a objetos en el contexto del ciclo de desarrollo de una aplicacion. La vision personal presentada es un aporte a la clarificacion de un tema que , por su popularidad, amerita ser tratado de mannera consistente

Sistematización del proceso de orientación académica mediante modelos de selección de planes de matrícula

En este artículo se propone un conjunto de modelos de selección del mejor plan de matrícula para estudiantes de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Computación e Informática de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en apoyo a la toma de decisiones durante el proceso de orientación académica. Cada modelo es una jerarquía de objetivos diseñada por medio del método"Analytic Hierarchy Process". Los modelos representan diferentes perfiles estudiantiles, especificados de acuerdo con distintos objetivos y criterios. Se enfoca el proceso de orientación académica desde el punto de vista de sistema, en donde dos agentes (estudiante y profesor) interactúan en diferentes etapas para lograr un objetivo común, la autorización de un plan de matrícula. In this paper some development conditions of pedagogy on regards to research  are presented, these results were produced by the work of the authors with the help of young researchers within the Physiotherapy Faculty in the Universidad Autónoma de Manizales.  This is a proposal for training and research development, that allows students to face “unlearning” and other new challenges that are required by the future society; and it allows teachers to rethink their pedagogical practice, looking to launch a studying and understanding process of this country, from other viewpoints, interests and commitments with freedom and development

LA ESTADISTICA Y LA COMPUTACION EN APOYO A LA TOMA DE DECISIONES

La mayoria de la decisiones a nivel tactico-estrategico de una organizacion necesitan un apoyo computacional que ofrezca mas que simples datos descriptivos. Se esperaria que un sistema que apoye realmente este tipo de decisiones proponga al usuario diversas alternativas para que este las conjugue a su juicio en la toma de decisiones. Estas decisiones normalmente involucran cierto grado de incertidumbre y de riesgo. Para crear un sistema de apoyo a estas decisiones,en estas circunstancias, el profesional en el area de computacion e informatica no solo hace uso de las herramientas obtenidas en su formacion academica, la cual esta fuertemente basada en conceptos matematicos, sino que debe recurrir a areas del conocimiento ya desarrolladas

Learning principles in program visualizations: a systematic literature review

Program visualizations help students understand the runtime behavior of other programs. They are educational tools to complement lectures or replace inefficient static drawings. A recent survey found 46 program visualizations developed from 1979 to 2012 reported that their effectiveness is unclear. They also evaluated learner engagement strategies implemented by visualization systems, but other learning principles were not considered. Learning principles are potential key factors in the success of program visualization as learning tools. In this paper, we identified 16 principles that may contribute to the effectiveness of a learning tool based on Vygotsky’s learning theory. We hypothesize that some of these principles could be supported by incorporating visual concrete allegories and gamification. We conducted a literature review to know if these principles are supported by existing solutions. We found six new systems between 2012 and 2015. Very few systems consider a learning theory as theoretical framework. Only two out the 16 learning principles are supported by existing visualizations. All systems use unconnected visual metaphors, two use concrete visual metaphors, and one implemented a gamification principle. We expect that using concrete visual allegories and gamification in future program visualizations will significantly improve their effectivenessCentro de Investigaciones en Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación/[]/CITIC/Costa RicaEscuela de Ciencias de la Computación e Informática/[]/ECCI/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa RicaMinisterio de Ciencia Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones de Costa Rica/[]/MICITT/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ingeniería::Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (CITIC

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine