Análisis experimental de ondas largas en la bocana del puerto de Gijón

En este trabajo se presenta una metodología basada en el análisis espectral para la determinación de las características de las ondas infragravitatorias en la bocana del Puerto de Gijón. A partir de las mediciones de un sensor de presión colocado en dicha bocana se obtuvo información del oleaje, tanto en la banda gravitatoria como en la banda infragravitatoria. Tras una selección de los oleajes de tipo swell, respecto de la totalidad de los estados de mar registrados, se ajustó una fórmula empírica para la determinación de la energía total de onda larga, a partir de la altura de ola significante y del periodo de onda corta. Los valores del coeficiente de correlación son altos, tanto para los datos considerados como swell, como para la totalidad de los datos registrados. Para la determinación del periodo de pico de onda larga se propone también una formulación empírica, aunque el coeficiente de correlación es inferior

An improved model for fast and reliable harbour wave agitation assessment

ABSTRACT: This study presents the new advances achieved in the field of harbour agitation climate assessment. Based on the improvement of an elliptic mild-slope model (MSP), which realistically reconstructs waves inside any-sized basin, represented by high-detailed unstructured meshes, and forced by real-shaped outer spectral data. A new solver is proposed for high performance runs, which allow fast agitation hindcast for statistical downtime analysis within an iterative and multi-scenario approach. Also, a realistic assimilation of partial reflection processes in quays/docks/wharfs/breakwaters is proposed. The model has been successfully validated in several harbours of special relevance in Spain with in situ measurements, through the assimilation of the hybrid downscaling (Camus et al., 2011) technique combined with monochromatic-based wave spectral reconstruction.This work has been also partially funded under the RETOS program of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (BIA2017-87213-R). We would like to thank Puertos del Estado of Spain for providing spectral outer wave spectral forcing and wave agitation measurements, for gather/organize each Port Authority base data required

Caffeinated drinks and physical performance in sport: a systematic review

settings Open AccessSystematic Review Caffeinated Drinks and Physical Performance in Sport: A Systematic Review by Sergio L. Jiménez 1,*ORCID,Javier Díaz-Lara 2ORCID,Helios Pareja-Galeano 3ORCID andJuan Del Coso 1,*ORCID 1 Centre for Sport Studies, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Fuenlabrada, 28943 Madrid, Spain 2 Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain 3 Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. Academic Editor: Marilyn Cornelis Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 2944; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13092944 Received: 8 July 2021 / Revised: 21 August 2021 / Accepted: 23 August 2021 / Published: 25 August 2021 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Energy Drinks on Physical Performance) Download PDF Browse Figures Citation Export Abstract Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is one of the most common substances used by athletes to enhance their performance during competition. Evidence suggests that the performance-enhancing properties of caffeine can be obtained by employing several forms of administration, namely, capsules/tablets, caffeinated drinks (energy drinks and sports drinks), beverages (coffee), and chewing gum. However, caffeinated drinks have become the main form of caffeine administration in sport due to the wide presence of these products in the market. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the different effects of caffeinated drinks on physical performance in various sports categories such as endurance, power-based sports, team sports, and skill-based sports. A systematic review of published studies was performed on scientific databases for studies published from 2000 to 2020. All studies included had blinded and cross-over experimental designs, in which the ingestion of a caffeinated drink was compared to a placebo/control trial. The total number of studies included in this review was 37. The analysis of the included studies revealed that both sports drinks with caffeine and energy drinks were effective in increasing several aspects of sports performance when the amount of drink provides at least 3 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass. Due to their composition, caffeinated sports drinks seem to be more beneficial to consume during long-duration exercise, when the drinks are used for both rehydration and caffeine supplementation. Energy drinks may be more appropriate for providing caffeine before exercise. Lastly, the magnitude of the ergogenic benefits obtained with caffeinated drinks seems similar in women and men athletes. Overall, the current systematic review provides evidence of the efficacy of caffeinated drinks as a valid form for caffeine supplementation in spor

Resurgence of minor pests following the implementation of mating disruption against Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in Sherry vineyards (Spain)

The implementation of the mating disruption technique against the grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Sherry vineyards (Andalusia, South-western Spain) reduced the number of chemical treatments required to manage this serious pest. In order to verify the long term consequences of this type of management on the minor pests of vineyards, a study was carried out over nine years to compare the population levels of four phytophagous insect species (Altica ampelophaga, Planococcus citri, Jacobiasca lybica, Aphis gossypii) in plots where L. botrana was managed with conventional chemical treatments or using mating disruption. Field data on secondary pests were collected on randomly chosen vines at different times on different plant organs such as leaves, shoots and bunches, depending on the type of pest, according to the ATRIA procedure (Andalusian IPM procedure). Results showed a significant increase of grapevine infestation by all four secondary pest species in the plots managed with grape berry moth mating disruption. These findings represented a limitation for the implementation of this technique in Andalusian vineyardsWe want to thank J. L. Jiménez García, Academia de San Dionisio de Ciencias, Artes y Letras of Jerez de la Frontera; J. Alcón González, Servicio de Protección de los Vegetales of Jerez de la Frontera and AECOVI JERE

Análisis experimental de ondas largas en la bocana del puerto de Gijón

[ES] En este trabajo se presenta una metodología basada en el análisis espectral para la determinación de las características de las ondas infragravitatorias en la bocana del Puerto de Gijón. A partir de las mediciones de un sensor de presión colocado en dicha bocana se obtuvo información del oleaje, tanto en la banda gravitatoria como en la banda infragravitatoria. Tras una selección de los oleajes de tipo swell, respecto de la totalidad de los estados de mar registrados, se ajustó una fórmula empírica para la determinación de la energía total de onda larga, a partir de la altura de ola significante y del periodo de onda corta. Los valores del coeficiente de correlación son altos, tanto para los datos considerados como swell, como para la totalidad de los datos registrados. Para la determinación del periodo de pico de onda larga se propone también una formulación empírica, aunque el coeficiente de correlación es inferior.Lara, JL.; Martín, FL.; Losada, IJ. (2002). Análisis experimental de ondas largas en la bocana del puerto de Gijón. Ingeniería del Agua. 9(4):437-451. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2002.2626SWORD43745194BOWERS, E. C., 1977, Harbour Resonance due to set-down beneath wave groups. J. Fluid Mech., 1, 71-92.BOWERS, E. C., 1992, Low frequency waves in intermediate water depths. Proc. 23rd Int. Conf. On Coast. Eng., Venice, ASCE.FUNKE, E. R. y MANSARDE. P. D., 1979. On the synthesis of natural wave trains in deep water, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. On Coast. Eng., Sydney, pp. 2974-2991.GODA, Y., 1983. Analysis of Wave Grouping and spectra of Long-travelled Swell, Report of the Prot and Harbour Research Institute, Vol 22, Nº 1.HERBERST. H. C., ELGAR S Y GUZA R. T., 1992. Infragravity frecuency (0.005-005 Hz) motions. 23rd Int. Conf. On Coast. Eng., Venice, ASCE, 846-859.KIMURA, A., 1980. Statistical properties of random wave groups, Proc 17th Int. Conf. Coastal Eng, Sydney, pp. 2955-2973.LIU, P.L.-F. y M. ISKANDARINI, 1991. Scattering of wave groups by submerged horizontal plate. J. Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Eng., 117, 235-246.LONGUET-HIGGINS, M. S., 1957. The statistical analysis of a random, moving surface. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 312: 219-250.LONGUET-HIGGINS, M. S., and R. W. STEWART, 1962. Radiation Stress and mass transport in surface gravity waves with application to 'surf beats'. J. Fluid Mech., 13, 481-504.LOSADA, M. A., I.J. LOSADA y A. ROLDAN, 1993. Propagation of oblique incident modulated waves past rigid, vertical thin barriers. Appl. Oc. Res. 15, 305-310.Mardia, K. V., 1970. A translation family of bivariate distributions and Fréchet bounds, Sakhya, Sar. A, 32, pp199-122.MARTÍN, M. J., C. BENITO y P. ABERTURAS, 1999. Funciones de transferencia oleaje-onda de grupo para el litoral español. Propuesta para la elaboración de un atlas de onda de grupo. V Jornadas Españolas de Ingeniería de Costas y Puertos, La Coruña. Vol. I, pp 65-79.MARTÍN, F.L., LOSADA, M.A., VIDAL, C., DIAZ RATO, J., 1996. Prototype measurements of wave pressures on a wave screen: comparison to physical and analytical models. Proceedings International Conference Coastal Engineering (ICCE), ASCE, Orlando, Florida, USA, no. 25, Volume 2, Chapter 137, 1762-1775.MEDINA, J. R. (1990). The Dependency of Inshore Long waves on the Characteristics of Offshore Short Waves (Discussion), Coastal Eng., ELSEVIER. 14,185-190.MEI, C. C., and BERMOUSSA, C., 1984. Long Waves induced by short waves groups over an uneven bottom, J. Fluid Mech, 139, 219-235.MOLIN, F., 1982. On the generation of long period second order free waves due to changes in bottom profile. Ship Res. Inst. Papers., Vol 68. Tokyo.MUNK, W. H., 1949. Surf Beats. Eos Trans. AGU, 30, 849-854.NELSON, R. C., P. D. TRELOAR y N. V. LAWSON, 1988. The Dependency of Inshore Long Waves on the Characteristics of Offshore Short Waves. Coast. Eng. ELSEVIER Sci. Pub. Amsterdam, 12, pp 213 a 231.OKIHITO M., GUZAR. T. y SEYMOURR. J., 1992. Bound infragravity waves. J. Geophys Res, Vol 97, C7, pp11453.OTTESEN-HANSEN, N.E., S.E. SAND, H. LUNDGREN, T. SORENSEN y H. GRAVESEN. Correct reproduction of group induced long waves, 1980. Proc. 18th Int. Coast. Eng. Conf, pp. 784-800.SAND, S.E., 1982. Long waves in directional seas. Coastal Eng., ELSEVIER. 6, 195-208.SEDIVY, G., 1978. Ocean Wave Group Analysis. Rep. NPS-68 SC-TH 78091, Naval Post-graduate School, Monterrey, Calif., U.S. Dep. Of Commerce, 87 pp.TUCKER, M. J., 1950. Surf Beats: Sea waves of 1 to 5 minute period. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lon., A202, 565-573.VIS, F. C.A. MOL, M. M. RITA, C. DEELEN, 1985. Long waves and harbour design. Int. Conf. On Num. & Hyd. Modelling of ports and harbours. IAHR and BHRA, 249 a 255

Wave Attenuation by Spartina Saltmarshes in the Chesapeake Bay Under Storm Surge Conditions

This material is based upon work supported by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the U.S. Department of the Interior under grant 43932.This material is also based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant SES‐1331399.This research was also supported in part by the Thomas F. and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust, Bank of America, Trustee. M. Maza, J.L. Lara, and I.J. Losada are indebted to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the funding provided in the RETOS INVESTIGACION 2014 (grant BIA2014‐59718‐R) grant program

WAVE ATTENUATION MODELLING BY SUBMERGED VEGETATION: ECOLOGICAL AND ENGINEERING ANALYSIS

The correct address of wave characteristics in the vicinity of submerged vegetation is crucial to perform an ecological analysis. Although several attempts have been done in the past using an analytical approach or depth averaged models, the rigidity of the assumptions used to solve the physics produced limited application to real cases. The use of a NS model called IH-2VOF is used first to minimize the number of predefined assumptions for wave propagation and the non-linear interactions between waves and plants and second to explore the possibility to improve existing turbulence models to consider wave interaction with vegetation. The IH2-VOF model has been validated using large scale experiments developed b

Adrenalectomy promotes a permanent decrease of plasma corticoid levels and a transient increase of apoptosis and the expression of Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1) in hippocampus: effect of a TGF-β1 oligo-antisense

BACKGROUND: Corticosterone reduction produced by adrenalectomy (ADX) induces apoptosis in dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, an effect related to an increase in the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene bax. However it has been reported that there is also an increase of the anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2, suggesting the promotion of a neuroprotective phenomenon, perhaps related to the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Thus, we have investigated whether TGF-β1 levels are induced by ADX, and whether apoptosis is increased by blocking the expression of TGF-β1 with an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) administered intracerebrally in corticosterone depleted rats. RESULTS: It was observed an increase of apoptosis in DG, 2 and 5 days after ADX, in agreement with a reduction of corticosterone levels. However, the effect of ADX on the number of apoptotic positive cells in DG was decreased 5 days after the lesion. In CA1–CA3 regions, the effect was only observed 2 days after ADX. TGF-β1 mRNA levels were increased 2 days after ADX. The sustained intracerebro-ventricular administration of a TGF-β1 ASO via an osmotic mini pump increased apoptosis levels in CA and DG regions 5 days after ADX as well as sham-operated control animals. No significant effect was observed following a scrambled-oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. CONCLUSION: The changes in both the pattern and the magnitude of apoptotic-cell morphology observed 2 and 5 days after ADX suggest that, as a consequence of the reduction of corticosteroids, some trophic mechanisms restricting cell death to a particular time window are elicited. Sustained intracerebral administration of TGF-β1 ASO increased the apoptosis promoted by ADX, suggesting that TGF-β1 plays an anti-apoptotic role in vivo in hippocampus

Aircraft icing: in‐cloud measurements and sensitivity to physical parameterizations

The prediction of supercooled cloud drops in the atmosphere is a basic tool for aviation safety, owing to their contact with and instant freezing on sensitive locations of the aircraft. One of the main disadvantages for predicting atmospheric icing conditions is the acquisition of observational data. In this study, we used in‐cloud microphysics measurements taken during 10 flights of a C‐212 research aircraft under winter conditions, during which we encountered 37 regions containing supercooled liquid water. To investigate the capability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model to detect regions containing supercooled cloud drops, we propose a multiphysics ensemble approach. We used four microphysics and two planetary boundary layer schemes. The Morrison parameterization yielded superior results, whereas the planetary boundary layer schemes were essential in evaluating the presence of liquid water content. The Goddard microphysics scheme best detected the presence of ice water content but tended to underestimate liquid water content.This research was carried out in the framework of the SAFEFLIGHT project, financed by MINECO (CGL2016‐78702) and LE240P18 project (Junta de Castilla y León)

Extremes in hydraulic modelling: combined capabilities in the spanish network MARHIS

This abstract provides an overview of the experimental work carried out at the MARHIS network formed by the Barcelona and the Santander research laboratories. The emphasis is on the role played by extremes as hydraulic drivers and also in terms of the observed responses. This has implications for the experimental generation equipment (waves, currents, wind) and for the observed responses (morphodynamic or structural). The paper discusses the joint capability of the two laboratories and the importance of reproducing and capturing those extremes for more efficient hydraulic tests.Postprint (published version