5,601 research outputs found
The first Frontier Fields cluster: 4.5{\mu}m excess in a z~8 galaxy candidate in Abell 2744
We present in this letter the first analysis of a z~8 galaxy candidate found
in the Hubble and Spitzer imaging data of Abell 2744, as part of the Hubble
Frontier Fields legacy program. We applied the most commonly-used methods to
select exceptionally high-z galaxies by combining non-detection and
color-criteria using seven HST bands. We used GALFIT on IRAC images for fitting
and subtracting contamination of bright nearby sources. The physical properties
have been inferred from SED-fitting using templates with and without nebular
emission. This letter is focussed on the brightest candidate we found
(m=26.2) over the 4.9 arcmin field of view covered by the WFC3.
It shows a non-detection in the ACS bands and at 3.6{\mu}m whereas it is
clearly detected at 4.5{\mu}m with rather similar depths. This break in the
IRAC data could be explained by strong [OIII]+H{\beta} lines at z~8 which
contribute to the 4.5{\mu}m photometry. The best photo-z is found at
z~8.0, although solutions at low-redshift (z~1.9) cannot be
completely excluded, but they are strongly disfavoured by the SED-fitting work.
The amplification factor is relatively small at {\mu}=1.490.02. The Star
Formation Rate in this object is ranging from 8 to 60 Mo/yr, the stellar mass
is in the order of M=(2.5-10) x 10Mo and the size is
r~0.350.15 kpc. This object is one of the first z~8 LBG candidates showing
a clear break between 3.6{\mu}m and 4.5{\mu}m which is consistent with the IRAC
properties of the first spectroscopically confirmed galaxy at a similar
redshift. Due to its brightness, the redshift of this object could potentially
be confirmed by near infrared spectroscopy with current 8-10m telescopes. The
nature of this candidate will be revealed in the coming months with the arrival
of new ACS and Spitzer data, increasing the depth at optical and near-IR
wavelengths.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy and
Astrophysics Letter
Resolution enhancement in nonlinear scanning microscopy through post-detection digital computation
In the last decade, the resolution of optical microscopy has been doubled thanks to linear structured illumination. The resolution has been further improved by combining structured illumination with nonlinear photoresponse. Recently, structured illumination has been combined with point-scanning microscopy. In this paper, we investigate whether, as in wide field acquisition, significant resolution enhancement can be obtained by harnessing the nonlinear response of the sample when point-scanning structured illumination is employed. We compare point scanning with wide field structured illumination microscopy in terms of signal-to-noise ratio. We conclude that superresolution using saturated point-scanning structured illumination is severely restricted to the first nonlinear orders. We identify possibilities for how different beam shapes or nonlinear phenomena might be envisaged for future implementations
Opening the doors of memory: Is declarative memory a natural kind?
Klein's target article argues that autonoetic consciousness is a necessary condition
for memory; this unusually narrow view of the scope of memory implies that only
episodic memory is, strictly speaking, memory. The narrow view is opposed to the
standard broad view, on which causal connection with past experience is sufficient
for memory; on the broad view, both declarative (i.e., episodic and semantic) and
procedural memory count as genuine forms of memory. Klein mounts a convincing
attack on the broad view, arguing that it opens the "doors of memory" too far, but this
commentary contends that the narrow view does not open them far enough. It may
be preferable to adopt an intermediate view of the scope of memory, on which
causal connection is sufficient for memory only when it involves encoding, storage,
and retrieval of content. More demanding than the simple causal condition but less
demanding than the autonoesis condition, the encoding-storage-retrieval condition
implies that both episodic and semantic memory count as genuine forms of memory
but that procedural memory does not
A zeta function approach to the relation between the numbers of symmetry planes and axes of a polytope
A derivation of the Ces\`aro-Fedorov relation from the Selberg trace formula
on an orbifolded 2-sphere is elaborated and extended to higher dimensions using
the known heat-kernel coefficients for manifolds with piecewise-linear
boundaries. Several results are obtained that relate the coefficients, ,
in the Shephard-Todd polynomial to the geometry of the fundamental domain. For
the 3-sphere we show that is given by the ratio of the volume of the
fundamental tetrahedron to its Schl\"afli reciprocal.Comment: Plain TeX, 26 pages (eqn. (86) corrected
The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey - IV. Lensing-corrected 1.1 mm number counts in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403 and MACSJ1149.5+2223
[abridged] Characterizing the number counts of faint, dusty star-forming
galaxies is currently a challenge even for deep, high-resolution observations
in the FIR-to-mm regime. They are predicted to account for approximately half
of the total extragalactic background light at those wavelengths. Searching for
dusty star-forming galaxies behind massive galaxy clusters benefits from strong
lensing, enhancing their measured emission while increasing spatial resolution.
Derived number counts depend, however, on mass reconstruction models that
properly constrain these clusters. We estimate the 1.1 mm number counts along
the line of sight of three galaxy clusters, i.e. Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403
and MACSJ1149.5+2223, which are part of the ALMA Frontier Fields Survey. We
perform detailed simulations to correct these counts for lensing effects. We
use several publicly available lensing models for the galaxy clusters to derive
the intrinsic flux densities of our sources. We perform Monte Carlo simulations
of the number counts for a detailed treatment of the uncertainties in the
magnifications and adopted source redshifts. We find an overall agreement among
the number counts derived for the different lens models, despite their
systematic variations regarding source magnifications and effective areas. Our
number counts span ~2.5 dex in demagnified flux density, from several mJy down
to tens of uJy. Our number counts are consistent with recent estimates from
deep ALMA observations at a 3 level. Below 0.1 mJy, however,
our cumulative counts are lower by 1 dex, suggesting a flattening in
the number counts. In our deepest ALMA mosaic, we estimate number counts for
intrinsic flux densities 4 times fainter than the rms level. This
highlights the potential of probing the sub-10 uJy population in larger samples
of galaxy cluster fields with deeper ALMA observations.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in A&
Probing cosmic dawn: Ages and star formation histories of candidate z â„ 9 galaxies
We discuss the spectral energy distributions and physical properties of six galaxies whose photometric redshifts suggest they lie beyond a redshift z ââ9. Each was selected on account of a prominent excess seen in the Spitzer/IRAC 4.5âÎŒm band which, for a redshift above z = 9.0, likely indicates the presence of a rest-frame Balmer break and a stellar component that formed earlier than a redshift z â 10. In addition to constraining the earlier star formation activity on the basis of fits using stellar population models with BAGPIPES, we have undertaken the necessary, but challenging, follow-up spectroscopy for each candidate using various combinations of Keck/MOSFIRE, VLT/X-shooter, Gemini/FLAMINGOS2, and ALMA. Based on either Lyman-α or [OâIII] 88âÎŒm emission, we determine a convincing redshift of z = 8.78 for GN-z-10-3 and a likely redshift of z = 9.28 for the lensed galaxy MACS0416-JD. For GN-z9-1, we conclude the case remains promising for a source beyond z â 9. Together with earlier spectroscopic data for MACS1149-JD1, our analysis of this enlarged sample provides further support for a cosmic star formation history extending beyond redshifts z â 10. We use our best-fitting stellar population models to reconstruct the past rest-frame UV luminosities of our sources and discuss the implications for tracing earlier progenitors of such systems with the James Webb Space Telescope
Inertialess multilayer film flow with surfactant: Stability and traveling waves
Multilayer film flow down an inclined plane in the presence of an insoluble surfactant is investigated with particular emphasis on determining flow stability and investigating the possibility of traveling-wave solutions. The investigation is conducted for two or three layers under conditions of Stokes flow and, separately, on the basis of a long-wave assumption. A normal mode linear stability analysis for Stokes flow shows that adding surfactant to one of the film surfaces can destabilize an otherwise stable flow configuration. For the long-wave system, periodic traveling-wave branches are detected and traced, revealing solutions with pulselike solitary waves on each film surface traveling in phase with each other, traveling waves with capillary ridge structures, and solutions with two of the film surfaces almost in contact. Time-periodic traveling-wave solutions are also found. The stability of the traveling waves is determined by solving initial-value problems and by computing eigenvalue spectra. Boundary element simulations for Stokes flow confirm the existence of traveling waves outside the long-wave regime
Draft Genome Sequence of Bowmanella denitrificans JL63, a Bacterium Isolated from Whiteleg Shrimp (\u3cem\u3eLitopenaeus vannamei\u3c/em\u3e) That Can Inhibit the Growth of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus
Bowmanella denitrificans strain JL63 was isolated from a whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and was determined to have antibacterial activity against an acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain and identify genes that are potentially involved in its antibacterial activity
New Methods for Identifying Lyman Continuum Leakers and Reionization-Epoch Analogues
Identifying low-redshift galaxies that emit Lyman continuum radiation (LyC leakers) is one of the primary, indirect methods of studying galaxy formation in the epoch of reionization. However, not only has it proved challenging to identify such systems, it also remains uncertain whether the low-redshift LyC leakers are truly âanaloguesâ of the sources that reionized the Universe. Here, we use high-resolution cosmological radiation hydrodynamics simulations to examine whether simulated galaxies in the epoch of reionization share similar emission line properties to observed LyC leakers at z ⌠3 and z ⌠0. We find that the simulated galaxies with high LyC escape fractions (fesc) often exhibit high O32 and populate the same regions of the R23âO32 plane as z ⌠3 LyC leakers. However, we show that viewing angle, metallicity, and ionization parameter can all impact where a galaxy resides on the O32âfesc plane. Based on emission line diagnostics and how they correlate with fesc, lower metallicity LyC leakers at z ⌠3 appear to be good analogues of reionization-era galaxies. In contrast, local [SâII]-deficient galaxies do not overlap with the simulated high-redshift LyC leakers on the SâII BaldwinâPhillipsâTerlevich (BPT) diagram; however, this diagnostic may still be useful for identifying leakers. We use our simulated galaxies to develop multiple new diagnostics to identify LyC leakers using infrared and nebular emission lines. We show that our model using only [CâII]158 ÎŒm and [OâIII]88 ÎŒm can identify potential leakers from non-leakers from the local Dwarf Galaxy Survey. Finally, we apply this diagnostic to known high-redshift galaxies and find that MACS 1149_JD1 at z = 9.1 is the most likely galaxy to be actively contributing to the reionization of the Universe
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