Les mauvais traitements envers les enfants et les adolescents : Le point de vue d’enfants et d’adolescents victimes

Malgré l’ampleur du problème des mauvais traitements et les conséquences qui y sont associées, peu d’études portent sur le point de vue d’enfants et d’adolescents victimes. Cet article qui s’inspire d’une recherche exploratoire menée auprès d’enfants et d’adolescents exposés à la violence conjugale et victimes de mauvais traitements présente le point de vue de ces jeunes sur les mauvais traitements. Les résultats de cette étude soutiennent la nécessité pour les chercheurs et pour les professionnels dans le domaine de la maltraitance de percevoir les jeunes comme étant des acteurs sociaux en mesure d’influencer leur environnement et de considérer davantage le point de vue de ces derniers.Child abuse and neglect is an important field in social sciences. However, few studies have focused on children’s and young people’s perspectives on this problem. This paper draws on a study conducted with children and young people living in a context of family violence and presents their perspectives on abuse and neglect. The results of the study suggest that scholars and professionals in the field should recognise children and young people as social actors and pay more attention to their perspectives

The JDTDOA algorithm applied to signal recovery : a performance analysis

This article suggests a novel method to retrieve a narrowband signal sent in a multipath environment with a delay spread considering ISI between symbols. The proposed method does not require any preamble nor known signal. Using the joint direction and time delay of arrivals estimation algorithm developed in prior work, the directions and time delays of arrival in the multipath channel are jointly estimated and associated while keeping a low computational cost. In this process, a MVDR beamformed copy of each arriving signal is created. The quality of these “pseudo copies” is evaluated and compared to the original direct and reflected signals in this work. Another beamforming method, the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse, with better retrieval of the direct and reflected signals is also proposed. Using a simple delay-and-sum operation on the previously beamformed copies, it is possible to substantially improve the the system’s performance in terms of bit error rate. An approach using oversampling on the array antenna is introduced to improve performance. Numerical simulations are discussed to support theory

Mœurs et pratiques sexuelles dans le Devisement du monde de Marco Polo

Les images que l’histoire nous a laissées de Marco Polo se partagent entre celles d’un adolescent accompagnant son père et son oncle à la cour de l’empereur mongol Kubilai Khan et celles d’un homme âgé bien éloigné des passions charnelles. Qu’en est-il de sa vie de jeune adulte ? Le célèbre voyageur vénitien reste très discret sur sa vie privée durant son séjour en Asie. Cependant, son récit, le Devisement du monde, est émaillé d’anecdotes sur les mœurs des contrées qu’il a traversées. Les de..

OA policies & traditional publishing agreements: Status of non-exclusive licenses in Canadian copyright law?

To ease the problem of paywall-blocked access to scholarly articles arising from publicly funded research, some universities have adopted a rights-retention OA policy. In this type of policy, faculty grant to the university a blanket non-exclusive license to make the accepted manuscript version of their scholarly articles publicly available in the university's research repository. But what happens if a university adopts an OA policy and faculty subsequently continue to sign publishers' standard publishing agreements that typically require an author to either transfer all copyrights or provide an exclusive license to the publisher? This presentation outlines a project that explores this question within Canadian copyright law

« Ça se sépare-tu ça, la femme pis la mère ? » : Services reçus par des femmes vivant dans un contexte de concomitance de violence conjugale et de mauvais traitements envers les enfants

Le présent article fait état des résultats d’une recherche qui visait à documenter les expériences de la maternité des femmes vivant dans un contexte de concomitance de violence conjugale et de mauvais traitements envers les enfants. Les résultats présentent le point de vue de ces femmes, notamment en ce qui a trait à l’intervention des services de santé et des services sociaux avec lesquels elles ont été en contact.This article draws upon a study that investigates women’s experiences of mothering in families presenting a co-occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse. The findings reported in this article examine the women’s perspectives on health and social services’ responses

When structural violences create a context that facilitates sexual assault and intimate partner violence against street-involved young women

This article presents findings from a participatory action research project conducted with a group of seven street-involved young women in the urban area of Quebec City (Canada). The objective of this research was to explore their experiences of homelessness through the lens of structural violence. Structural violence is the process through which social inequalities are produced. The data gathered through five focus groups revealed the presence of two gendered patterns of structural violence: social exclusion and social control. These two processes reinforce each other in a cycle. Indeed, the participants' strategies to overcome social exclusion and to fulfill their basic needs made them vulnerable to social control. In turn, social control had increased their financial difficulties and their fear of exclusion. These two processes of structural violence had also created contexts that facilitate sexual victimization and intimate partner violence

Acoustic surveillance of cough for detecting respiratory disease using artificial intelligence

Research question Can smartphones be used to detect individual and population-level changes in cough frequency that correlate with the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other respiratory infections? Methods This was a prospective cohort study carried out in Pamplona (Spain) between 2020 and 2021 using artificial intelligence cough detection software. Changes in cough frequency around the time of medical consultation were evaluated using a randomisation routine; significance was tested by comparing the distribution of cough frequencies to that obtained from a model of no difference. The correlation between changes of cough frequency and COVID-19 incidence was studied using an autoregressive moving average analysis, and its strength determined by calculating its autocorrelation function (ACF). Predictors for the regular use of the system were studied using a linear regression. Overall user experience was evaluated using a satisfaction questionnaire and through focused group discussions. Results We followed-up 616 participants and collected >62 000 coughs. Coughs per hour surged around the time cohort subjects sought medical care (difference +0.77 coughs.h(-1); p=0.00001). There was a weak temporal correlation between aggregated coughs and the incidence of COVID-19 in the local population (ACF 0.43). Technical issues affected uptake and regular use of the system. Interpretation Artificial intelligence systems can detect changes in cough frequency that temporarily correlate with the onset of clinical disease at the individual level. A clearer correlation with population-level COVID-19 incidence, or other respiratory conditions, could be achieved with better penetration and compliance with cough monitoring

Imbalanced Lignin Biosynthesis Promotes the Sexual Reproduction of Homothallic Oomycete Pathogens

Lignin is incorporated into plant cell walls to maintain plant architecture and to ensure long-distance water transport. Lignin composition affects the industrial value of plant material for forage, wood and paper production, and biofuel technologies. Industrial demands have resulted in an increase in the use of genetic engineering to modify lignified plant cell wall composition. However, the interaction of the resulting plants with the environment must be analyzed carefully to ensure that there are no undesirable side effects of lignin modification. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with impaired 5-hydroxyguaiacyl O-methyltransferase (known as caffeate O-methyltransferase; COMT) function were more susceptible to various bacterial and fungal pathogens. Unexpectedly, asexual sporulation of the downy mildew pathogen, Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, was impaired on these mutants. Enhanced resistance to downy mildew was not correlated with increased plant defense responses in comt1 mutants but coincided with a higher frequency of oomycete sexual reproduction within mutant tissues. Comt1 mutants but not wild-type Arabidopsis accumulated soluble 2-O-5-hydroxyferuloyl-l-malate. The compound weakened mycelium vigor and promoted sexual oomycete reproduction when applied to a homothallic oomycete in vitro. These findings suggested that the accumulation of 2-O-5-hydroxyferuloyl-l-malate accounted for the observed comt1 mutant phenotypes during the interaction with H. arabidopsidis. Taken together, our study shows that an artificial downregulation of COMT can drastically alter the interaction of a plant with the biotic environment

Cultural and religious diversity in Marco Polo’s Travels

L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une nouvelle lecture du Devisement du Monde – connu également sous le titre du Livre des Merveilles, La Description du Monde ou Il Milione – axée sur le regard que porte Marco Polo sur ses contemporains de l’autre bout du monde et la réception qui lui est réservée. Parti dans le contexte des croisades qui réduit l’opposition Orient/Occident à la dualité sarrasin/chrétien, le jeune Marco Polo se retrouve, au travers de ses voyages et à la cour de Kubilai Khan, dans une problématique beaucoup plus vaste, où pratiques et croyances multiples s’inscrivent dans des courants philosophiques jusqu’alors peu connus en Occident. « L’observateur des religions », comme le nomme Philippe Ménard, semble être véritablement fasciné par cette diversité culturelle et religieuse qu’il relève durant son séjour dans l’empire mongol. Tant de nouveautés sont difficiles à assimiler et surtout à rapporter. Nous nous intéressons à la forme que prennent ces descriptions à l’intérieur d’un récit aux versions et traductions multiples, dans un contexte historique et littéraire marqué par les guerres de religion et de pouvoir. Dans la poursuite des travaux de C. Dutschke et de C. Gadrat sur la réception, ce travail de recherche s’appuie sur l’étude diachronique de dix manuscrits et de six éditions du Devisement du monde datant de la première moitié du XIVe siècle jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle. Nous envisageons cette réception du texte, non pas sous l’angle de l’usage du récit polien par d’autres auteurs ou au regard de sa diffusion, mais à partir du texte lui-même, du paratexte ainsi que des enluminures et des illustrations. Ces éléments renseignent sur la manière dont le texte est reçu au cours des siècles, et sont porteurs des attentes du public potentiel qui évoluent elles-mêmes avec le temps. La numérisation systématique des versions/traductions retenues, ainsi que l’usage d’outils d’analyse de données textuelles permettent de concilier une lecture attentive du texte et une analyse quantitative au-delà de l’approche linéaire traditionnelle.The main goal of this dissertation is to propose a new reading and approach of Marco Polo’s Travels, also known as the Devisement du monde, the Description of the World or Il Milione. This study is based both on Marco Polo’s description of people living on the other side of the world and on the critical reception of his book. When Marco Polo left Venice, the prevailing opposition between West and East was mainly grounded in the duality opposing Christians and Saracens. However, through his travels and during his stay at Kubilai Khan’s Mongol court, the young man embraced more complex issues relating to religious beliefs and practices related to philosophical movements barely known in the Western world.“The observer of religions”, as historian P. Ménard calls him, seems to be fascinated by the cultural and religious diversity he encounters during his stay in the Mongol empire. So, many differences with his own culture were difficult to absorb and to report. In this study, we particularly focus on the many versions and translations of these descriptions, written in a context of political and religious turmoil. Following the works of C. Dutschke and C. Gadrat on the reception theory applied to the Travels, this diachronic research is founded on ten manuscripts and six editions dating from the early 14th century until the late 19th century. The impact of Marco Polo’s account is not studied here through the circulation of his Travels or according to the number of authors mentioning it in their own writings, but is rather established in relation to the text itself, along with the paratext, miniatures and illustrations. All these elements provide valuable information concerning its reception through ages, and about the expectations of the potential audience, which also evolved over time. All the versions and translations of our corpus have been digitized, and thanks to text analysis tools, we were able to reconcile close reading and data processing while analyzing the text