A systematic review on Marma Sharira with special reference to Urdhavajatrugata Marma

Marma Sthanas are the point of junction of the Mansa, Sira, Asthi, Dhamni and Sandhi where the Prana resides. Ayurvedic Acharyas have classified the Marma Sthanas on the basis of location, number, composition, effects of injury etc. There are total 107 Marma Sthanas mentioned in the Sushruta Samhita present in the Shakha and Skandha. There are total 37 Marma Sthanas which are present in the head and neck region termed as Urdhavajatrugata Marma. Any trauma to the Marma Sthanas produces pain and can be fatal to the life. Therefore the knowledge of Marma is very essential for the surgeon to protect the patient from any harm during the surgery

Synthesis of ZnO mesoporous powders and their application in dye photodegradation

Mesoporous ZnO materials have been synthesized through chemical deposition of different precursors from aqueous or water-ethanol solutions followed by their thermal decomposition at 400°C in air. The microstructure and morphology of the precursors and obtained ZnO powders were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption (BET) methods. The structure of the precursor and physico-chemical properties of final zinc oxide powders were shown to be considerably influenced by the presence of Cl– ions and ethanol in solution. In water-ethanol solutions, Zn5(OH)8Cl2∙H2O or Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2∙(H2O)2 precursors are formed, while ZnO particles are directly deposited from aqueous solution. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized ZnO materials was evaluated by the decolorization of Rhodamine B (RhB) upon UV irradiation. The ZnO powders have demonstrated high photocatalytic efficiency, enabling decomposition of 81.497.4 % RhB within 3 hours. The increased photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO prepared by annealing of Zn5(OH)8Cl2∙H2O precursor or deposited directly from aqueous chloride-containing solutions can be originated from the presence of Cl-containing compounds remaining after thermal treatment of simonkolleite as well as from introduction of Cl-dopant in ZnO.publishe

<span style="font-size:22.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.5pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Substitutional effects of La and <span style="font-size:23.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Cr <span style="font-size:22.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.5pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">on <span style="font-size:23.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">CaFe₁₂O₁₉</span></span></span></span>

221-224<span style="font-size: 17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">A mixed oxide with chemical formula CaLaCr8Fe3O19 has been synthesized like Ca<span style="font-size:23.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"=""> Fe12O19by standard ceramic technique using proper stoichiometric proportions. Replacing nine Fe+<span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 6.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">3 <span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">ions <span style="font-size: 17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">by (La+3 <span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">+ 8Cr+<span style="font-size: 13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:6.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">3) <span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">ions the twelve magnetic Fe+3 <span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">ions in <span style="font-size: 17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Ca Fe12O19 are reduced to three. The compound now contains two types of magnetic ions, viz. 8Cr+<span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 6.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">3 <span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">and 3Fe+3 <span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">The formed sample is analyzed with the help of X-ray diffractometry. <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt; font-family:" arial","sans-serif""="">It <span style="font-size:17.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">is found to have hexagonal magnetoplumbite (M) structure with unit cell dimensions a <span style="font-size:19.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.5pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">= <span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">5.74 Ǻ, <span style="font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">c <span style="font-size:19.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">= 21.88 <span style="font-size:19.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Ǻ <span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">and volume = 623.87 Ǻ3 <span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">with a space group P63/mmc. The electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements are carried out over a temperature range 300-800 K. <span style="font-size:15.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" arial","sans-serif""="">It shows semiconducting behaviour with energy 0.28 eV for activation. The compound is paramagnetic in above temperature range with Curie molar constant (CM) 28.74, which is close to the expected value (28.12) based on stable valencies. Asymptotic Curie temperature is found to be 280 K. The ac magnetic susceptibility is also studied at room <span style="font-size: 17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">temperature and found to be 60.6<span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 6.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">×10-6emu/Oe. The <span style="font-size: 17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">thermoelectric studies showed that the sample is p-type <span style="font-size: 17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">with Seebeck coefficient <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">S) <span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">as +293 µV/K. The <span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">compound can also be looked on the basis of substitutions of Cr+<span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 6.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">3<span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:6.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:="" minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"=""> <span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt; line-height:115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">and La+<span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:6.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:="" minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"="">3<span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:6.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"=""> <span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:="" minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"="">in CaFe12O19.</span

<span style="font-size: 22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Structure, conductivity and magnetic study of <span style="font-size: 22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Sr₂Zn₂Al₂Fe_{<span style="font-size:17.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">10</span>}<span style="font-size:17.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">O_{<span style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">22</span>}<span style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> ferrite </span></span></span></span>

301-303<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Zinc substituted strontium Y type hard ferrite with the chemical formula Sr2Zn2Al2Fe10<span style="font-size:17.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:="" bold"="">O<span style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"="">22is prepared using AR grade reactants in the proper stoichiometric proportions by solid state reaction at <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">850°C. The XRD pattern of the compound showed a presence of single crystalline phase having a hexagonal structure with lattice parameter a = <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">5.614<span style="font-size:18.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.5pt;font-family:" arial","sans-serif""=""> Ǻ and <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">c <span style="font-size:19.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">= 53 .736 <span style="font-size:18.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.5pt;font-family: " arial","sans-serif""="">Ǻ. <span style="font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Magnetic susceptibility is measured <span style="font-size: 16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">between room temperature and <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">950 K by Gouy's method. These measurements showed ferromagnetic nature of the compound up to <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif""="">896 K <span style="font-size:16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">and then it becomes paramagnetic. The observed high value of <span style="font-size: 16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Curie temperature is due to high percentage of Fe+3 ions. The Curie molar constant is also calculated. Electrical conductivity measurements showed slight deviation from linearity near the Curie temperature. <span style="font-size: 16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">The energy of activation is found to be <span style="font-size:15.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">0.99 eV. <span style="font-size: 16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Variation of dielectric constant with temperature at constant frequency of 50 Hz was determined by using digital LCR meter. The ferro to para electrical transition temperature <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt; font-family:" arial","sans-serif""="">Tc, was found to be <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">301<span style="font-size:16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""=""> K, close <span style="font-size: 16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">to room temperature. <span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt; font-family:" arial","sans-serif""="">It <span style="font-size:16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">is interesting to note here that the seasonal changes will heavily influence the room temperature behaviour. The observed results follow the well-known Curie-Weiss law for the dielectrics. </span

Luminescence and electrical resistivity properties of cadmium oxide nanoparticles

234-238Cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles have been prepared by precipitation method using cadmium acetate and ammonia solution. The electrical resistivity (ρ) has been measured at low temperature using four-probe method which is found to be 0.351 Ω-cm at 7 K and 0.264 Ω-cm at 300 K, respectively. The decrease of resistivity with increasing temperature indicates the semiconducting behaviour. The activation energy values are found to be 0.06 meV in temperature range 7-15 K and 0.6 meV in 39-152 K from temperature dependent resistivity. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum shows band edge emission at 395 nm and green emission at 550 nm. Green emission arises from the oxygen vacancy of CdO materials because of recombination of a photo generated hole in valence band with an electron in conduction band

Facial hemiatrophy: Review of literature and a case report

A case report of hemifacial atrophy is presented in this paper. It is also known as Parry-Romberg syndrome, is an uncommon degenerative and poorly understood condition. It is characterized by progressive atrophy of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, cartilage or bone; the condition can leave a marked deformity on one side of the face. The incidence and the cause of this alteration is debatable. The most common complications that appear in association to this health disorder are: trigeminal neuritis, facial paresthesia, severe headache and epilepsy. Now, plastic surgery with graft of autogenous fat can be performed, after stabilization of the disease, to correct the deformity. Orthodontic treatment can help in the correction of any associated malformation. This presentation gives a review of concern literature about the etiology, physiopathology, differential diagnosis and treatment of hemifacial atrophy